大学英语3期末考试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN.docx
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大学英语3期末考试题 阅读题题库急加DA AN.docx
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大学英语3期末考试题阅读题题库急加DAAN
第一次
Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersandgainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit
Contraryto“commonknowledge”,nonsmokersdonotgenerallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicatesthatnicotine(尼古丁)itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythannonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggestmostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhileperforminglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,itsinfluenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.
Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine’seffectsonbody-fuelconsumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesinactivity.“Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectofnicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weightdifferencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwaspreviouslybelieved,”saysKennethA.PerkinsandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.
Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividualsperforminglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicyclemodifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedinacomfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicratestwotothreetimes.
Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculatedenergyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandaftergivingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswithsubjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo((试验药物用的)无效对照剂)nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycleexpenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpendedconsiderablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhiledoingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,“It’sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingitsstoredenergy.”
Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho’dliketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkinganextramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolicefficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain“wellmorethan50pounds”tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.
1.Whatmight“commonknowledge”sayaboutsmokersandnonsmokers
A)?
Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.
B)?
Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.
C)?
Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.√
D)?
Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.
答案:
C
2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers’weightsignificantly
A)?
WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsandmetabolicratesincreaseatthesamerate.√
B)?
Whilesmokersareexercising.
C)?
Whilesmokersareatrest.
D)?
WhenNicotine’smetaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.
答案:
A
3.Theword“subjects”inthefourthparagraphmeans.
A)?
peopleundermedicaltreatment
B)?
researchers
C)?
peopleundergoinganexperiment√
D)?
addictedsmokers
答案:
C
4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy
A)?
Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythanpeopledoingdeskwork.
B)?
Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.
C)?
Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuchlessefficientinusingenergy.
D)?
Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.√
答案:
D
5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosomesmokersaccordingtothepassage
A)?
Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealthrisksofcontinuedsmoking.
B)?
Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.√
C)?
Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadaytolosesomeweight.
D)?
Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquitsmoking.
答案:
B
AcertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythepublicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheadedbyPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidencethatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthroughtheirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethannormallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademicachievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,ofanunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuchchildren.
Theprofessor,whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffectonchildrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryinsearchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthatthisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice.“Wearenotdealingherewithopinions,”hesays,“It’strue,mypersonalfeelingisthatforchildren’swell-being,theyshouldstayinoneschool.However,ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnotonanypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthesubject.”
Capt.ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20yearsandhimselfafatheroftwo,said,“I’veneverheardsuchrubbish.AsfarasI’mconcerned,absolutelynoharmisdonetotheeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly—aslongastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.Inmyexperience—andI’veknownquiteafewofthem—Armychildrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers,ifnotmoreso.WhattheProfessordoesn’tappeartoappreciateisthefactthatinsuchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults.”
?
WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith,hesaidthatatnotimehadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwardordismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencetherewasacleartendency.
?
“Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchildcancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghisorhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensufferfromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment.”
6.WhatdoesProfessorSmith’sreportsuggest
A)?
Childrenshouldn’tchangeschoolstoooften.√
B)?
Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryarebetteratacademicachievement.
C)?
Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertainamountofcontroversy.
D)?
Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremorevulnerabletoviciousdiseases.
答案:
A
7.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkofthefindingsoftheresearch
A)?
Theyareprovedbytheresearch.√
B)?
Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.
C)?
Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.
D)?
Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes.
答案:
A
8.WhatdoesCapt.ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly
A)?
Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironmentbetterthanadults.√
B)?
Theydonoharmtotheeducation.
C)?
Theyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystem.
D)?
Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted.
答案:
A
9.HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.ThomasMuller
A)?
Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotionalturbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress.
B)?
Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfromchangingschoolsregularly.
C)?
Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendtosufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearningenvironment.√
D)?
Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikestoenteranewlearningenvironment.
答案:
C
10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout
A)?
Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearningenvironment.
B)?
Whetherchildrenwouldbeaffectedbychangingschoolsregularly.√
C)?
TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconductastudy.
D)?
Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooftenchangeschools.
答案:
B
Recentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewiththieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthemresponsible.Someofthemostthievish(像窃贼的)transactionshaveflourishedandarestillflourishing.Theirsuccessandtheirwealtharetheonlythingsrecognized.Theyarehonoredasfinanciersandmenofaffairs,lookeduptoandrespected.
?
Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalotofmercilessandheartlessthieves.Fraudisfraudandcheatingischeatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedorthesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.
?
Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwheretheyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserablesneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindman’sdog.
?
Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohavemadesacrificestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmostunmercifully.Theirhard-earnedsavingshavebeenstolenfromthembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting(打劫)ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalizedhighrisk,complexfinancialproducts.Menhighupinthefinancialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshadyandnotoriousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityorapeople.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical(节俭的)Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledtobelievewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethattheyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectablecheats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.
?
Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethevictimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethatthelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachineryinchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors(违犯者).Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughttobeinvestigatedandtheevilremedied.
11.Whatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraphreflect
A)?
Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievishtransactionstoflourish.
B)?
Peopleonlyrespectsuccessandwealthwithoutanymoraljudgment.√
C)
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