高考英语二轮复习 必备考点3 阅读理解.docx
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高考英语二轮复习 必备考点3 阅读理解.docx
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高考英语二轮复习必备考点3阅读理解
考点3阅读理解
一、科普知识类
Passage1(2012·安徽·D)
InAsia,therearespecialcompetitionswherekiteshavecomplexdesignsandarefittedwithinstrumentsthatmakemusicalsoundsasthewindblowsthroughthem.Althoughallkiteshaveasimilarstructure(结构),theyarewidelydifferentinsizeandshape.Kite-fightingcompetitionsarealsoheld,inwhichcompetitorsusetheirkitestoattackandbringdowntheiropponents’(对手)kitesorcuttheirstrings(线).
Formorethan15years,theBigWindKiteFactoryhasbeengivingkite-makingandkite-flyingclassesforthechildrenonanislandinHawaii.Initskite-makinglessons,studentscanmakekitesinaslittleas20minutes!
Childrenasyoungasfouryearsoldcanlearnhowtoflyakite.JonathanSocherandhiswifeDaphnestartedthekitefactoryin1980.Theirkitesaremadeofnylon(尼龙).TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.Thedesignsarecutoutofthenylonwithahotknifethatsealstheedgesandthenfasteneddirectlyontothekite.
Thekitethatisusedtogivelessonsisaregulardiamondkitewitharainbowpattern.Thedifferencebetweenthiskiteandtheonestheymakeduringthelessonsisthatitisatwo-stringcontrollablekite.BigWindemployeesflythekiteandforafewminutesshowstudentshowpullingononelineandthenontheothercontrolsthedirectionthekitegoesin.Thenthecontrolsaregiventothestudents.
Jonathaninsiststhatitisnotnecessarytomakeahugeimpressivekitetohavefunmakingandflyingkites.Eventhesimpleststructurecanwork,andcangivehoursoffun.Goon,giveitatry!
【文章大意】本文是关于在theBigWindKiteFactory里,通过学习风筝设计、风筝制作、风筝放飞等,孩子们得到的乐趣。
68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.Ahotknifeisusedtoironthenylon.
B.Childrenneverflykitesontheirowninflyinglessons.
C.Kitestringsmustnotbecutinkite-fightingcompetitions.
D.DaphnedesignskitesfortheBigWindKiteFactory.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第二段Thedesignsarecutoutofthenylonwithahotknifethatsealstheedgesandthenfasteneddirectlyontothekite.可知,hotknife的作用是sealstheedges,因此A项错误;根据第二段Childrenasyoungasfouryearsoldcanlearnhowtoflyakite.可知,B项错误;根据第一段Kite-fightingcompetitionsarealsoheld,inwhichcompetitorsusetheirkitestoattackandbringdowntheiropponents’kitesorcuttheirstrings.可知,比赛者为击败对手,用自己的风筝攻击和击落对手的风筝或者剪断他们的风筝线,因此C项是错误的;根据第二段TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.和theBigWindKiteFactoryhasbeengivingkite-makingandkite-flyingclassesforthechildren...可知,在theBigWindKiteFactory里,孩子们上课用的风筝都是Daphne亲自设计的,因此D项正确。
69.Whatisdifferentaboutthekiteusedforflyinglessons?
A.Ithastwostrings.
B.Itissimpleindesign.
C.Ithasarainbowpattern.
D.Itisshapedlikeadiamond.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据第三段Thekitethatisusedtogivelessonsisaregulardiamondkitewitharainbowpattern.Thedifferencebetweenthiskiteandtheonestheymakeduringthelessonsisthatitisatwo-stringcontrollablekite.可知,上课时使用的风筝是atwo-stringcontrollablekite,而在课堂上制作的风筝却不是这样的,因此选择A项。
70.AccordingtoJonathan,whatdoyouneedtohavefunwithkites?
A.Alargekite.
B.Anytypeofkite.
C.Acomplexstructure.
D.Akitethatimpressesothers.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段可知,在Jonathan看来,制作或放飞风筝的乐趣不在于特别大的、给人以深刻印象的、结构复杂的风筝,结构简单的就足以带来乐趣,因此选择B项。
71.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?
A.Akitefactory.
B.Kite-flyinglessons.
C.Specialcompetitions.
D.Thekite-makingprocess.
【解析】选A。
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,文章主要围绕着JonathanSocher和Daphne夫妇开办的theBigWindKiteFactory展开,记叙了风筝比赛、风筝制作和孩子们学习放飞风筝的各种事情,因此A项能概括全文。
【长难句分析】InAsia,therearespecialcompetitionswherekiteshavecomplexdesignsandarefittedwithinstrumentsthatmakemusicalsoundsasthewindblowsthroughthem.
分析:
本句是一个复合句:
主句是therearespecialcompetitions,where引导的定语从句修饰competitions;在where引导的定语从句中又包含一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词instruments,而asthewindblowsthroughthem是时间状语从句。
译文:
在亚洲有一些特别的比赛,在这些比赛中,风筝设计复杂,它们和当风吹过风筝能发出音乐声的仪器连在一起。
Passage2(2012·福建·D)
Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?
Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?
Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元)inourbrains.
Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(模仿)it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:
mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.
Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:
”Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).
Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.
Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互动).Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein’stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy.
【文章大意】医学证明每个人的大脑中都有一种镜子神经元。
这种神经元让我们不由自主地模仿别人的动作。
如果这种神经元遭到破坏,就会带来行为上的一些问题。
67.Mirrorneuronscanexplain .
A.whywecrywhenwearehurt
B.whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacold
C.whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmile
D.whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第一、二段可知,这种镜子神经元可以解释为什么我们会不由自主地模仿别人的动作。
68.Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“ ”.
A.setoffB.cutoffC.builtupD.brokenup
【解析】选A。
猜测词义题。
根据第三段可知,镜子神经元和语言有密切关系。
当被测试者听到某种指令的时候,他大脑中的镜子神经元就被启动,好像真的感觉到这个动作的发生。
setoff引发。
69.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons .
A.relatetohumanbehaviorandinteraction
B.controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelings
C.resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisorders
D.determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段可知,镜子神经元和人的行为密切相关。
如果这种神经元遭到破坏,就会带来一些行为上的问题。
70.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.
B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.
C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.
D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.
【解析】选D。
主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍了镜子神经元的功能以及此神经元如果遭到破坏会带来的问题。
【长难句分析】Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitateit,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.
分析:
suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句,在从句中,everytime引导时间状语从句,whether引导条件状语从句。
译文:
简单来说,镜子神经元的存在表明,每次我们看到别人做什么我们的大脑就会模仿,无论我们是否真的在做同样的动作。
Passage3(2012·广东·B)
Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebaby’spointofview.
Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy’sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.
Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock-watchingschedulewasDrFredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I’veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn’tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway,thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.
Well,atlastwehavecopper-bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(样本)of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild’ssexandage,themother’shealthandfeedingstyle.Theseresultsdon’tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.
Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices.
【文章大意】本文主要讨论了喂养孩子是严格按照时间表还是依据孩子的需求。
根据一项研究结果,作者认为喂养孩子应按照孩子的需求。
31.AccordingtoParagraph2,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels .
A.sickB.upsetC.sleepyD.hungry
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
由文章第二段最后一句“Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.”可知D项正确。
32.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing?
A.Heisstrict.
B.Heisunkind.
C.Hehasthewrongidea.
D.Hesetsatimetableformothers.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
由第三段中“I’veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.”一句可知,作者认为DrFredericTrubyKing的观点是荒谬的(ridiculous)。
33.Thewordcopper-bottomedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto .
A.basicB.reliable
C.surprisingD.interesting
【解析】选B。
词义猜测题。
由本段中ThisResearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversity一句可知,copper-bottomed意为“可靠的”。
34.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeed
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