高考英语定语从句精讲精练Attributive Clause.docx
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高考英语定语从句精讲精练Attributive Clause.docx
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高考英语定语从句精讲精练AttributiveClause
高考英语定语从句精讲精练AttributiveClause
必备知识
一、句子成分:
句子一般可以分为几个部分,每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能,称为句子的成分。
句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。
1.主语是一个句子的中心,主语的位置一般在句首。
2.谓语说明主语的动作与状态,由动词充当,一般在主语之后。
3.表语位置在连系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
4.宾语表示动作的对象,即动作的承受者,一般动词后。
5.补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态.
6.定语修饰名词、代词,放它们前面。
7.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。
二、英语五大句型:
1、主+谓(vi)
2、主+谓(vt)+宾
3、主+谓(vt)+宾+宾
4、主+谓(vt)+宾+宾补
5、主+系+表
Practice
分析句子成分
1.Iamauniversitystudentnow.
2.Heoftenlaughsatotherpeople.
3.Helikesswimmingandoftenswimsintheriver.
4.Everybodyinourclassshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.
5.Thedoctoradvisedmetotakemorephysicalexercise.
6.Iusuallygetupearlyinthemorning.
7.Wouldyoupleasegivemeahand?
8.Mymotherboughtmeapresentyesterday.
9.Hehasalreadybecomeaveryfamouswriter.
10.Heisdoinghishomeworkverycarefullyintheclassroom.
11.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
12.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
13.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
14.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
15.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
16.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
17.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
18.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
19.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
20.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
21.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
22.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
23.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
24.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
25.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
26.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
27.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
28.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
29.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
30.Theapplestastedsweet.
定语从句
一、定语从句概念
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的词称为先行词,通常位于定语从句的前面,定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。
先行词与关系词是定语从句不可或缺的部分。
Ihaveaprettywife.Ihaveawifewho/thatispretty.
Ihaveabighouse.Ihaveahousethat/whichisbig.
Ageniusisapersonwhorepeatsthemosttimes.
Hehasabrotherwhoisadoctor.
二、定语从句关系词分类和作用
关系代词:
that,who,whom,whose,which,as
关系副词:
when,where,why
关系代词
指代
句中成分
备注
that
人/物
主/宾
which
物
主/宾
代前面整个句子
who
人
主
whom
人
宾
whose
人/物
定(whose+n)
when
时间
状
where
地点
状
why
原因
状
关系词的作用有三个:
1、连接作用:
关系词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来;
2、替代作用:
关系词在从句中替代它前面的先行词;
3、成分作用:
关系词在从句中问题充当句子成分。
关系代词一般充当主语,宾语;关系副词一般充当状语。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用;非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。
如:
Hehastwobrotherswhoworkasdoctors.
Hehastwobrothers,whoworkasdoctors.
非限制性定语从句的引导词可以是who,which,when,where等。
Mybrotherisagoodstudent,_____canspeakgoodEnglish.
Youcancomeatseveno’clock,_____Ishallbefree.
IliveinBeijing,_____isthecapitalofChina.
四、关系词的选择----“两看”
一看所替代的先行词是指人还是物;二看它在从句中所当的成分---主语、宾语、定语或状语
Isthisthecomputercompany_____youtalkedaboutyesterday?
Thegirl_____isplayingthepianoupstairsismysister.
Thatisacountry_____cultureisquitedifferentfromthatofChina.
Weneedpeople_____canhelpus.
Theman_____yousawyesterdaywasadoctorfromBeijing.
Hereisabook_____willgivealotofusefulknowledge.
Hedidnotstudyhard,_____ledtohisfailure.
Iwillneverforgetthedays_____westayedtogether.
Thisisreason_____Iwaslateforschool.
Thisisthehouse_____Ioncelived.
五、关系代词that和which的用法区别
限制性定语从句中只用that的情况:
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,nothing等时;
Doyouhaveanything_____youwanttosharewithus?
Youshouldtellmeall_____youknow.
(2)先行词前有theonly,thevery(恰恰,正好),thejust(正是),any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时;
ThisistheverybusthatIamwaitingfor.
Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰,或先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级所修饰时;
Thisisthemostinterestingnovel_____Ihaveeverread.
Thisbusisthefirst_____willgotoSuzhou.
(4)先行词既有人又有物时;
Doyouknowthethingsandpersons_____theyaretalkingabout?
(5)当句中已有who时,为避免重复。
Whoistheboy_____camefirstinthecompetition?
当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中一般只用which的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中,指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时;
Hepassedtheexam,_____madeupverysurprised.
Theaccident,_____tookplaceinLondon,happenedbecauseofthefog.
(2)引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时,构成介词+which结构;
Thisisthehousein_____MoYanoncelived.
六、关系代词who,whom,that和whose的用法
当先行词指人:
①在定语从句中做主语时,用who/that,不可省略;②在定语从句中做宾语时,用whom/who/that,可以省略;③在定语从句中作定语时,用whose。
注意以下形式变化whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.
Sheisthegirl_____livesnextdoor.
That’sthebeautifulgirl_____Imetyesterday.
Thisistheboy_____nameisknowntoallofus.
Thisisthehouse_____roofbrokelastnight.
七、“介词+关系代词”的定语从句
①介词+which,指代物;介词+whom,指代人;
Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto_____shecouldturnforhelp.
②复合介词短语+关系代词,这种的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开;
Helivedinabighouse,infrontof_____stoodabigtalltree.
Therewasagreatpaininmyrightfoot,becauseof_____Icouldonlylimpalong.
八、定语从句中只能用as不能用which/that的情况
①As用“正如....一样,如同....一样”意思,常引导非限制性定语从句,用于一些固定结构之中。
如:
asweallknow,asisknowntoall/everybody,aswecansee,asismentionedabove,asisoftenthecase等。
As引导定语从句常用于句首,兼或放句中。
_____isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
_____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.
②先行词受到such,thesame修饰时,构成such+先行词+as/thesame+先行词+as结构时。
Sheissuchabeautifulgirl_____wealllike.(定语从句)
Sheissuchabeautifulgirl_____wealllikeher.(状语从句)
注意thesame...that与thesame...as的区别
Thisisthesamepen_____Ilostyesterday.(同类事物)
Thisisthesamepen_____Ilostyesterday.(同一事物)
③as与which的区别
位置:
as从句的位置既可以在主句前,又可以在主句后,而which从句的位置只能在主句之后。
两者都可以代替整个主句的内容,而不是某一个词。
_____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,_____isknowntoeverybody.
另外:
as多用于习惯的固定结构中:
asweallknown,asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,asisoftenthecase,asoftenhappens,asismentionedabove等。
_____isknowntousallthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.
_____isknowntousall,Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.
Thatstudentthattheteacherthinksbestplayedtruant(逃学)yesterday,_____madetheteacherverydisappointed.
九、关系副词when/where/why用法
①当关系词在句中作状语时,要用关系副词。
判断的依据是:
①从句中为不及物动词②从中主谓/主谓宾成分齐全。
when=in/at/during...+which;where=in/at/on/under...+whichwhy=for+which
Istillremembertheday_____IfirstcametoBeijing.
Canyoutellmetheoffice_____heworks?
Doyouknowthereason_____heisabsent?
②关系词where考查
当先行词为situation,point,case,circumstance时,关系词常为where。
先行词由明显的地点变成模糊的地点。
Theyhavereachedthepoint_____theyhavetoseparatefromeachother.
Salesdirectorisaposition_____communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.
③注意不是所有的时候,当先行为时间词时都用when,为地点词时都用where,为原因词时都用why,主要看先行词在句中做何成分。
Doyoustillrememberthedays_____westayedtogether?
Doyoustillrememberthedays_____wespenttogether?
Thisisthefarm_____Ivisitedlastyear?
Thisisthefarm_____Ionceworked.
Iwanttoknowthedate_____youwereborn.
Ihaveforgottenthedate_____youtoldme.
Doyouknowthereason_____heisabsenttoday?
Thatisthereason_____Iwanttoknow.
十、注意先行词为way和time时,连接从句的关系词
Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway______________hesaidit.
Thisisthesecondtime_____thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.
Icanhardlyrememberhowmanytimes_____Ihavefailed.
Thiswasatatime_____therewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.
Therewillbeatime_____wehavetosaygood-byetoeachother.
Practice
1.Theprizewillgotothewriter______storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
2.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
3.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,______,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
4.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation______youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
5.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses______arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
6.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich
7.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval(间隔),______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
8.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,______itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while
9.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof______usesitsomewhatdifferently.
A.whichB.whatC.themD.those
10Abankistheplace______theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there
11.Theschoolshop,______customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.
A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
12.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
13.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
14.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
15.AprilFool’sDayisatraditionalfestival______peopleplayharmlessjokesonothers.
A.whenB.where
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