通用版届高三英语二轮复习 第1部分 专题2 阅读七选五 技法3 依据全文或段落的主题线索.docx
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通用版届高三英语二轮复习 第1部分 专题2 阅读七选五 技法3 依据全文或段落的主题线索.docx
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通用版届高三英语二轮复习第1部分专题2阅读七选五技法3依据全文或段落的主题线索
技法3|依据全文或段落的“主题”线索
文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明,这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段,仔细阅读文章的首段和末段,就能快速抓住文章的主题,明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容,有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。
1.概括“论据”和“结论”,得出“论点”
(2016·西宁市重点中学联考)38Theyentertainusinoursparemoments.Goodnovels,booksonpoetryandshortstories,giveusgreatenjoyment.Attimeswebecomesoabsorbedinourbooksthatweforgetevenourimportantarrangements.Lonelinessisnotroubleforareader.
C.Whenwearealone,booksareourbestfriends.
[思路分析] 空格位于句首,根据文章结构分析应是“论点”。
空格后面的三句话为论据,最后一句为结论,意为“对一位读者来说没有孤独感”,因此C项“当我们独自一人时,书是我们最好的朋友。
”符合题意。
2.根据“论据”推导出“论点”
[考题回放]
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.
A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.
[思路分析] 空格位于句首,根据文章结构分析应是“论点”,根据空格后的句子“相信自己会……”可判定选A项意为“学会真的相信你自己”。
3.根据“相似度”原则确定主题
文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度,据此可快速找出正确选项。
[考题回放]
(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)
1.Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI'malreadyhungryandthere'snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?
Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?
17.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.
2.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?
18.Maketreeorfourinstead.Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.
3.19Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.
A.Trynewthings.
[思路分析] 此空需要填一个主题句,它需要概括全段的内容,根据前面的两项内容可判定应为祈使句。
结合空格后面的信息词surprise,experimentation,newideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。
4.根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题
[考题回放]
(2016·全国甲卷)Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.19.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.20.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.
G.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave
[思路分析] 由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。
空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”,空格后说“然后走出去,制订计划,把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园”。
根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”。
A
(2016·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)
HowtoHelpaTeenagerMakeGoodDecisions
Habituallypoordecision-makingisactuallycommoninteenagers.Naturally,suchahabitmakesparent-teencooperationdifficult,especiallywhenaparentwantshisteentodowhata“responsibleadolescent”woulddo.Apoordecision-makingteenagercanneverrunawayfromhisresponsibilities.1
●Distinguishrealproblemsfromactsofpure“teenagerism”.Teensoftenmakepoordecisionssimplybecausetheydon'thavetheexperiences.Bymakingsmallandharmlessmistakes,likearecently-developedhabitofcarelessconsuming,ateenlearnsgooddecision-makingskillsonhisownviaselfcorrection.2Don'tthinktheteenismakingbaddecisionsjusttochallengeyou.It'smorelikelyitisoutofarealinabilitytodeterminewhat'sbestforhim.
●3Tellyourteenyouunderstandhisdecisionswhilesimplyemphasizingthatyoudon'thavetoagreewithhisdecisionsortreathisviewsasvalid.Bynotjudginghisopinions,tastesorstyle,youareopeningtheroadtobettercommunicationandproblem-solvingopportunities.
●Setclearexpectations.4Forexample,ifyourteenrefusestostudyforhismathfinalbecause“mathispointless”,explainthatyouexpecthimtoperformwellinschool,eveninthe“pointless”classes.Becauseyou'vealreadytoleratedhisopinionwithouttryingtochangehisviewpoint,youtwocaneasilyagreethatmathisn'tsouseful,yetavoidsaying“Let'sjustgiveuponmath,then.”
●Findamiddleground.Tradeinsignificantfreedoms,suchasclothingstyleforthepromisethathe'llliveuptoacademicandfamilyresponsibilities.5Notonlydoesgivingupabitofcontrolsolvemanyconflicts,buttheextrafreedomyougivehimcanalsoimprovehisdecision-making.
A.Showtolerance.
B.Learntosolveproblems.
C.Pointoutyourexpectationsandhisresponsibilities.
D.Ifyourteencouldrealizeit,allowhimtobehimself.
E.Aresponsibleadolescentmusthaverolemodelstolearnfrom.
F.Therefore,it'simportanttoguidethemwithproblem-solvingstrategies.
G.Nexttime,he'llbemorelikelytothinktwicebeforemakinghisbuyingdecision.
本文介绍了如何才能帮助青少年做出正确的决定。
1.F [不擅长做决定的青少年很普遍,家长希望他们的孩子做一个有责任心的青少年应该做的事情,所以选F项“因此,用解决问题的策略引导他们很重要”。
]
2.G [通过犯一些小而无害的错误,比如最近形成的粗心消费的习惯,青少年通过自我改正学到了良好的决策技能。
G项“下一次,在做出购买决定时他更可能三思”符合语境。
故选G。
]
3.A [当你强调你不同意他的决定或你认为他的观点不正当时,告诉你的孩子你理解他的决定,所以A项“表现出宽容”符合语境。
故选A。
]
4.C [根据本段的主题句“Setclearexpectations.”及下文的例子可知,选C项“指出你的期望和孩子的责任”。
]
5.D [根据空前的一句可知选D项“如果你的孩子实现了他的承诺,那就允许他做他自己想做的事情”。
]
B
(2016·石家庄市教学质量检测)
Everyonecanbenefitfrommakinganefforttopracticegratitude(感激)everyday.Thefollowingthreestepscanhelpyoustartfeelingmoregrateful,andappreciativeofthegoodthingsinyourlife:
NoticetheGoodThingsinYourLife
6Payattentiontothesmalleverydaydetailsofyourlife—nature,people,community,shelter,creaturecomfortslikeawarmbedoragoodmeal.Andthenstartagratitudejournal.Makingacommitmenttowritingdowngoodthingseachdaymakesitmorelikelythatwewillnoticegoodthingsastheyhappen.
EnjoytheFeelingofGratitude
Therearemomentswhenyounaturally,rightthenandthere,feelfilledwithgratitude.Thesearemomentswhenyousaytoyourself,“Oh,wow,thisisamazing!
”or“Howgreatthisis!
”Pause.7Letitsinkin.Enjoyyourblessingsthemomenttheyhappen.
ExpressGratitude
Expressinggratitudeismorethanbeingpolite.8Showyourappreciationtosomeonewhoreallydidsomethingnice.Say:
“Itwasreallykindofyouto...”“Youdidmeabigfavorwhen...”or“Thankyouforbeingtherewhen...”.9Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou,evenifitmeanswaitingalittlelongerthanyounormallywould.
Truegratitudedoesn'tleaveyoufeelinglikeyouoweotherpeoplesomething—afterall,ifyou'vedonesomeoneafavor,youprobablydon'twantthepersontofeellikeyouexpectsomethingbackinreturn.10
A.It'saboutshowingyourheartfeltappreciation.
B.Noticeandabsorbthatfeelingoftruegratitude.
C.Youcanalsoexpressgratitudebydoingakindness.
D.It'sallaboutfeelinggoodandcreatingacycleofgood.
E.Starttonoticeandidentifythethingsyouaregratefulfor.
F.Helpsomeonewithoutlettingthepersonfindoutitwasyou.
G.It'samazingwhatyounoticewhenyoufocusonfeelinggrateful.
本文主要介绍了帮助人们感受生活中的美好事物的三个步骤。
6.E [依据本段的标题“留心生活中美好的事情”可知,选E。
开始留心并确定你要感恩的事情。
]
7.B [由第三段的标题EnjoytheFeelingofGratitude和空格前的举例可知,B项中的“thatfeelingoftruegratitude”与之呼应。
]
8.A [本段的标题是表达感恩,上文说明表达感恩不仅仅有礼貌,它表达你衷心的感谢。
A项中的“It”指代上文的“Expressinggratitude”。
]
9.C [由下文的“Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou”可知,你也可以为他人做一个友好的举动来表达你的感恩。
]
10.D [依据上文可知,你帮助他人时,不期待人家对你的回报,D项中的creatingacycleofgood“创造一个善行的循环”符合语境。
]
【导学号:
90892011】
C
(2016·福建省质量检测)
Whenyou'reinhighschool,itcanbedifficulttofindajob.Youmaynothavemuchoranyformalworkexperienceandtherearen'tmanyjobsavailableforteenagers.However,ifyou'relookingforajob,therearethingsyoucandotohelpgetyourapplicationnoticedandhelpyourselfgethired.
11
●Don'tbeshy.
Telleveryoneyouknowyouarelookingforajob.Manyjobsaren'tadvertisedandyoumaybeabletogetagoodjobleadfromafriendorfamilymember.
●12
Onegoodwaytogetexperienceistostartbyworkingforfriendsandneighbors.Babysitting,gardenwork,doingcleaning,andpetsittingallcanbeincludedonyourresume(简历).
●Keepanopenmind.
13Thisisatoughmarketandyoumaynotbeabletofindajobdoingwhatyouwanttodo.Themoreflexibilityyouhave,themoreopportunitiesyou'llbeabletoapplyfor.Plus,evenifthejobwasn'tyourfirstchoice,itmayturnouttobebetterthanyouexpected.
●Checktherules.
Thereareonlycertainjobsyoucandoandhoursyoucanwork.14Theminimumageyoucanworkatpaidnon-agriculturalemploymentis14.
●Writearesume.
Aresumemaynotberequiredbyemployers.15Eventhoughyoumaynothavemuchinformationtoinclude,aresumeshowsthatyou'reseriousaboutyourjobsearch.
A.Startclosetohome.
B.Bealwaysoptimistic.
C.Youcancountonthefollowingchances.
D.Don'tlimityourselftocertaintypesofjobs.
E.Butitcanhelpyoustandoutfromthecompetition.
F.Thesejobsearchtipswillhelpyougetyourjobsearchstarted.
G.ChecktheChildLaborLawregulationstoseehowtheyapplytoyou.
本文主要介绍了高中生找到工作的方法和策略。
11.F [根据上句“However,ifyou'relookingforajob,therearethingsyoucandotohelpgetyourapplicationnoticedandhelpyourselfgethired.”可推知,接下来要讲一些求职的技巧和策略;由下文列举的方法可知,应选F项来承上启下。
]
12.A [由“Onegoodwaytogetexperienceistostartbyworkingforfriendsandneighbors.”可推知,在家附近开始工作是获取经验的不错的选择,所以选A项。
]
13.D [根据下文的“Themoreflexibilityyouhave,themoreopportunitiesyou'llbeabletoapplyfor.”和本段主题“Keepanopenmind.”可推知,找工作时要思路开阔,而不是局限于某些工作,所以选D项。
]
14.G [根据本段的标题“Checktherules”可推知,找工作时要符合一些法律法规的要求,所以选G项。
]
15.E [由本段的标题“Writearesume.”可推知,写一份简历是非常有必要的,且由下文的“Eventhoughyoumaynothavemuchinformationtoinclude,aresumeshowsthatyou'reseriousaboutyourjobsearch.”可知,应选E项。
]
D
(2016·湖北省七市教科研协作体联合考试)
Whileitisimpossibletolivecompletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletoprev
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