Selected考研英语一真题详解doc.docx
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Selected考研英语一真题详解doc.docx
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Selected考研英语一真题详解doc
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语
(一)试题
SectionI UseofEnglish
Directions:
ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAandmarAA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET. (10points)
①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.
①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.
①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourAin.”
①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoeGplain,fornow.③10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.④TherecouldbemanymechanismsworAingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalAinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!
①OneoftheremarAablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpicAedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
①ThefindingsdonotsimplyeGplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19bacAgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeaneGtraction,carewastaAento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretaAenfromthesamepopulation.③TheteamalsocontrolledthedatatochecAancestryofsubjects.
1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when
2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised
3.[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on
4.[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected
5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]eGamples
6.[A]insignificant[B]uneGpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible
7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]Anow[D]seeA
8.[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble
9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus
10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]LiAewise[D]Perhaps
11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]liAe
12.[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive
13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith
14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions
15.[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier
16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]eGpress[D]understand
17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive
18.[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor
19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic
20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
TeGt1
①AingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“Aingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
①ItisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthateGplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.②Andso,theMiddleEasteGcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10Aingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).③ButunliAetheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
①Evenso,Aingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPiAettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmaAesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanisheGample.
①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothaneGpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoAnowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itisAings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,AingJuanCarlosofSpain_______.
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.MonarchsareAeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly_______.
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolooAupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’eGcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles_______.
[A]taAesatoughlineonpoliticalissues
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised
[C]taAesrepublicansashispotentialallies
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
25.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheteGt?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnGioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
TeGt2
①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
①CaliforniahasasAedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
①ThecourtwouldberecAlesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthateGploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocAetbooAofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③ButeGploringone’ssmartphoneismoreliAeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethateGplorationsomuchtheeasier.
①AmericansshouldtaAestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②ButAeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoeGpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtaAereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinAerr,alawprofessor,comparestheeGplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
Thejustices
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