高三英语二轮复习专题突破精品训练阅读理解13.docx
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高三英语二轮复习专题突破精品训练阅读理解13.docx
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高三英语二轮复习专题突破精品训练阅读理解13
2014届高三英语二轮复习专题突破精品训练:
阅读理解
A
FRIDAY,Dec.5,2008—Collegestudentswhothinkall-nightstudysessionswillhelpthemrememberfactsmightwanttogetsomesleepinstead.That'sthemessagefromanewstudythatfindsthatasyousleep,themindconsolidatesthethingsyoulearnduringtheday.
Studyparticipantswholearnedhowtoplayavideogameinthemorningoreveningdidabetterjobthenextdayafteranight'srest,apparentlybecausetheirbrainswereactivelyabsorbingwhatthey'dlearnedastheyslept.
Thefindingshows"thatsleepisnotjustapassivestatewhennoinformationiscomingin,"saidHowardNusbaum,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofChicago.
Forthestudy,theresearchersrecruited200collegestudents.Mostofthemweren'tveryfamiliarwithplayingvideogames.Someoftheparticipantslearnedhowtoplaythegamesinthemorning,whileotherslearnedintheevening.Theresearchersthentestedthesubjectsonthevideogames12hourslaterand24hourslater.
Thosewhotookpartinthemorningtrainingsessionsshowedanaverageeight-percentage-pointimprovementintheirperformanceimmediatelyaftertraining.Theyperformedmorepoorly—scoringfourpercentagepointsbetter—12hourslater.Buttheyscored10percentagepointsbetterthenextmorning.
"Ifwetrainyouinthemorningandcomebackattheendoftheday,youforgetsomeofwhatyoulearned,"Nusbaumsaid."Butifyousleepafterthat,itrestoressomeofwhatyoulearned."
Thestudentswhotookpartintheeveningtrainingsessionsperformedbetterthenextmorningaftersleeping,thantheydidafterbeingtrained.
Therolethatdreamsplayinthelearningprocess—ifany—isn'tclear.Butsomedreamscouldserveasakindofpracticeforthebrain,Nusbaumsaid."Ifyouplayavideogamealot,andyou'replayinginyourdreams,maybethatcouldhelpyoulearn."
JerrySiegel,professorattheCenterforSleepResearchattheUniversityofCalfornia,LosAngeles,saidgoingwithoutsleephurtsperformance,buthe'snotconvincedthatsleepitselfactivelycontributestolearning.
"Ifyoutakeabreakforafewhours,itcaneasilybeshownthatlearningdidoccur,becauseperformanceisbetteratthestartofanewlearningsessionthanitwasattheendoftheinitialsession,"hesaid."Nosleepneedstooccurforthistohappen."
Still,Siegelsuggestedthatsleepbeforelearningaskilliscrucial."Forlong-termretention,itismoreimportanttobewellrestedandthereforeattentivewhenyouaredoingthelearningthanafterwards,"hesaid."Itisevenbetterifyoudon'thavetochooseandgetyournaturalamountsofsleepeveryday."
49Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘want’(inParagraph1)mean?
A.lackB.wishC.desireD.need
50Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthistext?
A.Theeffectofvideogamesonlearning.
B.Therelationbetweensleepandlearning.
C.Theroleofdreamsinthelearningprocess
D.Thedifferencebetweenmorningandeveningtrainings.
51Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Sleepstrengthenslearning.B.Dreamsclearlyhelplearning.
C.Abreakbeforelearningisbetter.D.Videogamesimproveperformance.
52Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Traininginthemorningshowedbetterresultsatonce.
B.Learningwon’toccurduringsleepingwithoutdreams..
C.Sleepingwellhelpstoabsorbwhatonelearned
D.Studyingallnighthelpstoremembermorefacts.
B
Ananalysisofstudiesin40countriesaroundtheglobeprovesalong-standingassumptionthatthemoreapersonknowsaboutscience,themoreheorshetendstosupportscientificefforts.
Infact,studiesthathavetestedthelinkbetweenaperson'slevelofscientificknowledgeandattitudestowardsthefieldhavegeneratedmixedresults."It'sbeenaveryhardquestion,"sayssociologistNickAllumoftheUniversityofSurreyinGuildford,UK.
Toresolvetheissue,Allumandhiscolleaguespulledtogethertheresultsofnearly200surveyscarriedoutbetween1998and2003incountriesfromAustraliatoBulgaria.Thesestudiesassessed,forexample,whetherparticipantsknewcertainscientificfactsandwhethertheysupporteddevelopmentsingeneticallymodifiedfoodornanotechnology.
Tosomeextent,theresultsprovethebeliefwidelyheldbysciencesupporters:
themorepeopleknowaboutscience,themorefavourablytheytendtoviewit,inspiteofotherfactorssuchasage,nationalityandlevelofeducation.AllumpresentedhisresultsatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinWashingtonDClastweek.
Butnowthisquestionisclearedup,researchersmustbegintodealwithmorepressingquestions,Allumsays."Theargumentshouldmoveon."
Hisfindingcannot,forexample,showwhetherbetterscienceeducationwillincreasegeneralsupportforthefield.Thisisbecauseresearchershaveyettofigureoutwhetherpeoplewholearnmoreaboutsciencethentendtolikeitor,onthecontrary,whetherpeoplewhoalreadylikeandsupportsciencearesimplytendtolearnfurtherfacts.
Andaperson'slevelofscientificknowledgeactuallygoesaverytinywaytowardsexplainingtheirattitudestowardsscience.Allumbelievesthatthereareprobablyfarmoreimportantfactors,suchastheirmoralvalues,religiousbeliefsandpoliticalleaning.
Andpeople'strustinsciencemaybeinfluencedbyhowtightlyregulatedtheybelievetheprocesstobeintheircountry.Thismightexplain,inpart,whythoselivingindifferentcountriestendtoholddifferentattitudes:
EuropeanstendtobemoredoubtfulofgeneticallymodifiedcropsthanthoseintheUnitedStates,forexample.
Finally,sciencelovershopetostrengthensupportforthefield,butitlooksasifsimplescienceeducationwillnotbeenough.AsAllumsays:
"It'sallhorriblycomplicated."
53.InAllum’sopinion,______willhavelittleinfluenceonaperson’sattitudetowardsscience.
A.scientificknowledgeB.moralvalues
C.religiousbeliefsD.politicalleaning
54.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.
A.thesurveyswerecarriedoutinafewcountries
B.EuropeanslovesciencemorethanAmericans
C.Allumkepthisresearchresultsasecret
D.NickAllumisnotanaturalscientist
55.Theunderlinedword‘those’refersto_____.
A.scienceloversB.differentattitudes
C.peopleingeneralD.geneticallymodifiedcrops
56.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthispassage?
A.SpecialbeliefsofthesociologistNickAllum.
B.Linkbetweenknowledgeandloveofscience.
C.Waysinwhichpeoplelovescience.
D.Thefunctionofscienceeducation.
49-52DBAC53-56ADCB
Thenewstudiesshowthatfewerthanhalfofthe9thgradersinmanyofthenation’slargestcities,canevergraduate.Thestudiesclearlyshowthatthedropoutrateisn’tdropping.And,inparticular,thedropoutrateisn’tdroppingforpoorandminoritystudents.
Amazingly,thoughsomanyregrettherisingdropoutrate,ourschoolscontinuetolackformalplans--oranyplans--toteachstudentsmotivation(动机).Mostschoolshavenogameplantoensurethatstudentsunderstandthatschoolingwillbecompletelynecessary.Schoolsexpectyouthandchildrentoactasthoughschoolingisimportant,buttheyneverteachthemtobelievethat.
Yearsago,familiesensuredthatthe children recognizedthevalueofschooling.Butinmanymodernfamilies,thechildrenmayfailtorecognizetheimportanceofschoollifejustbecausethesefamiliesmayactuallytelltheirchildrenthatschoolisnotimportant.Sincemanyfamiliesarenotmotivatingtheirchildrentobeinterestedstudents,youthprofessionals,liketeachersmayneedtoprovidethistraining.Otherwise,itislikelythedropoutratewillcontinuenottodrop,butonlyworsen.
Herearesomestrategiestoconvinceeventhemostapathetic(无动于衷的)studentsthattheymuststayinschool.
Askstudentsiftheywilleverneedtowork:
Theworldhaschanged.100yearsago,factoryworkwastheboomingjob,anditrequirednoeducation.Today,factoriesareincreasinglyautomated.Mostcomputer-relatedjobsrequireeducationandatleastahighschooldiploma.
Askstudentswhichcenturytheywillbepreparedfor:
In1900,themostcommonjobswerefarmlaboreranddomesticservant—educationnotneeded.Now,themostcommonjobsareofficeandsalesstaff—educationanddiplomausuallyneeded.Anamazing6outof10peopletodayworkinastoreoroffice.
Askstudentstodeviseawaythattheemployeecouldbereplaced.Forexample,thecomingtrendinfastfoodistousecomputersratherthanpeopletoruntherestaurant.Aprototypeisapparentlyalreadybeingtested.Thestudentsshoulddiscoverthatmostjobsthatlackeducationanddiplomarequirementsmayberipeforautomation.
51.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?
A.Fewstudentscanaffordtogotoschoolinlargecities.
B.Alargenumberofthe9thgraderscangraduatenow.
C.Therearestillquiteafew9thgradersleavingschoolearly.
D.Mostschoolsinlargecitieshavefewerandfewerstudents.
52.Withoutthehelpofyouthprofessionals,_____.
A.moreandmorefamilieswillgraduallyrecognizethevalueofschool.
B.itislikelythatthedropoutrateinschoolswon’tcontinuetodrop.
C.someparentswillbemoreconvincedoftheirchildren’sfuture.
D.theschoolswillmakeproperplanstosolvetheproblemswithdropout.
53.Theauthortakesfactoryworkforexamplemainlyto______.
A.tellusthatmanyjobsrequirescertaineducationinthepast
B.showthattherearemorefactoryworkandemploymentinmodernsociety
C.showthatemploymentinthecomputerfieldgrowsatahighrate
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