阅读理解精讲.ppt
- 文档编号:13089273
- 上传时间:2023-06-10
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:35
- 大小:1.01MB
阅读理解精讲.ppt
《阅读理解精讲.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《阅读理解精讲.ppt(35页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
Howtomakelogicalinference?
ReadingComprehension,Therearethreemenonatrain.MrAspeaksEnglishandChinese.MrBspeaksFrenchandEnglish.MrCcanonlytalkwithMrA.WhatlanguagedoesMrCspeak?
Chinese.,typesofinference,InferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontextInferencebasedontheauthorsopinionsorattitudes,1.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthepassagethat_.2.Thestorysuggests(暗示)that_.3.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.4.Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater?
5.Fromthepassagewecantell/learn_.6.Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit_.7.Whichofthefollowingindicates/implies_?
Questionforms:
Keypoint:
意思要靠推断得出,而不是从原文照搬,TypeAInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfacts,Inferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfacts,Inferenceaboutdata,EX
(1)FamilyRailcardFor20thisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly3eachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets.Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate.,Q:
Amanboughthimselfaticketof15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard.Howmuchdidhepay?
A.44B.29C.24D.15,allowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly3each,15+3x3,2)Inferenceaboutdetails,Tokyo:
Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(蓝宝石)worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butitsdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.,Q:
Thejewelswasbeingshownin_A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseum,Ex
(2),Fourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing-ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff.TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity,southChinasGuangdongProvince,saidthebuscarried43passengers.ItsetofffromNanyang,acityincentralChinasHenanProvince,at10a.m.SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong.AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity.Theaccidenthappenedaround3:
46a.m.Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus.Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident.,Whereisthispassagetakenfrom?
NewspaperB.MagazineC.WebsiteD.TVnews,Ex(3),3)Inferenceaboutfacts,Ex(4)SUNDAY,November14DISCOSatinSoundsDisco,freeatTheLordNapier,MortLakeHighStreet,from8a.m.to8p.m.FOLKMUSICatTheDerbyArms.TheShortStuffandresidentstheNormanChopTrio.Non-remembers70p.Tel:
6884626.HEAVYMUSICwithTonySimonatTheBull,UpperRichmondRoadWest,EastSheen.THEDERBYARMS,UpperRichmondRoadWest,giveyouJoeontheelectricaccordion.,Q:
Youwanttospendthesamedayattwodifferentplacesanddontwanttocrossanystreet.Whichofthefollowingisyourbestchoice?
A.Thesing-alongattheBlackHorseandJazzatTheBullsHead.B.Thesing-alongatTheBlackHorseandFolkMusicatTheDerbyArms.C.FolkMusicatTheDerbyArmsandHeavyMusicwithTonySimonatTheBull.D.MusicalHallatTheStarGarterandDiscoatTheLordNapier.,Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodemlife.,Q:
Wecanlearnfromtheparagraphthat_.foodischosenforagoodreasonB.FrenchandBritishfoodisgoodC.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffoodD.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydiet,Ex(5),Discussion:
ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeAis_,全文搜索细查勿漏准确理解简单计算依据事实理清关系,TypeBInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext,Inferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext,因果关系:
for,since,becauseof,thatiswhy,so,therefore对比关系:
whereas,unlike,instead,otherwisehowever,nevertheless,onthecontrary让步关系:
although,eventhough,despite,afterall概括关系:
finally,generally,inaword,inconclusion,inshort强调关系:
indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant补充说明关系:
infact,asamatteroffact,inaddition,inthiscase,furthermore,注意信息词-航标灯,例
(1)利用句子之间承接与转换关系推断,NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreams,butnotenoughofthemmakemelosemydelightindreams.Mostpeopledonotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabit,likesneezing(打喷嚏).Icanneverunderstandthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifebecausethereisfarlessofit,buttomeitisimportant.,Q:
Whatistheauthorsattitudetowarddreaming?
HelikesitB.Hethinksitpuzzling.C.HeusedtolikeitD.Hedislikesit,Ex(6),例
(2)利用段落的衔接与过渡词推断,Wehavesavedasafinalsetofemotionsthetwomostimportantemotions(情感)towardsotherpeople:
loveanditsopposite,hate.Lovecanbeseeneverywhere.Yetsurprisingly,lovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearchthanotheremotions,suchasangerandfear.Thereasonforthismaybetwofold.First,loveisaverycomplex(复杂的)emotion,difficulttodescribeandmeasure.Secondly,unlikemanyextremeemotions,extremeloveisgenerallynotaproblem;thuslessmedicalattentionhasbeenpaidtoit.,Q:
Inpreviouspassage,theauthorhasprobablybeendiscussing_.A.thetwomostimportanthumanemotions-loveandhateB.someemotionsthatareonlyproducedbyanimalsC.someothersetsofhumanemotionsthanofloveandhateD.whylovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearch,Ex(7),例(3)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理,Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthistime,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesoftheday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingmakesitpossibleforyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.Q:
Thetextsuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou_.A.sufferfrompoorhealthB.feeltiredandnervousC.dreammoreoftenD.breathequickly,Ex(8),Discussion:
ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeBis_,弦外之音逻辑分析防止主观直接陈述未经推理必然为错过渡引申与文无关意在干扰,TypeC,Inferencebasedontheauthorsopinionsorattitudes,Inferencebasedontheauthorsopinionsorattitudes,Whatstheauthorsmainpoint?
Theauthorseemstoagreethat_Intheauthorsopinion,_Accordingtotheauthor,_Thisauthorsattitudetowards.canbestbedescribedas_,Questionsforms:
Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto_.Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_,表达作者态度常用词汇小结:
approving赞成的critical批评的neutral中立的suspicious怀疑的worried担忧的depressed沮丧的subjective主观的objective客观的confident有信心的optimistic乐观的hostile敌对的,negative否定的,反对的impressed有深刻印象的doubtful不敢肯定的indifferent不感兴趣的persuasive说服人的interested感兴趣的factual实事求是的questioning质问的,1)注意作者对比的写作方法,Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.“Myparentswereonthebeforesideofthatchange,buttodaysparents,the40-year-olds,wereontheafterside,”explainsMr.Ballmer.“Itsnotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.”,Q:
Bysaying“todaysparents,the40-year-olds,wereontheafterside.”theauthormeansthattodaysparents_.A.followthetrendofthechangeB.cansetalimittothechangeC.failtotakethechangeseriouslyD.havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange,解题注意点,Ex(9),Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!
2)注意仔细琢磨作者表达情感和态度的用词方式,肯定:
certainly,nodoubt,surely,不太肯定:
possibly,maybe,itissaidthat情感色彩:
great,terrific,wonderfully,sadly,shame,Q:
TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.,Ex(10),3)注意作者使用反语,Ifoundinmybabysbehaviorametaphorforthenewgeneration.MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine,buthemerelyspituponthem.Whenwereadtohim,hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Andsoitisintheschools.Wefindthatourstudentsdontreadandlookdownuponreadingandevenscoldthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoiswatchTV.Therefore,Ihavereachedaconclusion:
“Letthemwatchit!
”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightit?
Letthemwatchalltheywant!
WhatdoyouthinkistheauthorsattitudetowardsTV?
A.Curious.B.Worried.C.Unfavorable.D.Favorable.,Ex(11),4)注意作者对事件下的结论,Ex(12)Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?
AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeathFrankly,ImsickofallthisbadnewsThisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_AcomplainBapologizeCamuseDinform,Ex(13)Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniform.Uniformsaretotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsociety.Uniformtelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividual,thatis,theindividualinauniformlosesself-worth.Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesasenseofidentificationwithamoreimportantconcept.Butinfact,theindividualhimselfisthemostimportant,ifanorganizationissoweakthatitmustrelyontheuniformtoinspireitmembers,thatorganizationhasnotrighttoco
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 阅读 理解