旅游的基本概念及其测度The basic concept of tourism and its measure.docx
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旅游的基本概念及其测度The basic concept of tourism and its measure.docx
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旅游的基本概念及其测度Thebasicconceptoftourismanditsmeasure
旅游的基本概念及其测度(Thebasicconceptoftourismanditsmeasure)
Thebasicconceptoftourismanditsmeasure
CengBowei
Howtograspthebasicconceptoftourism
Tourismconceptisanimportantpartoftheresearchoftourismbasictheory.Fromdifferentangles,researcherscandefinedifferentdefinitionsoftravel.Theconceptthatpeopleagreeonwhatiscalled"impropername"isthebasicpremiseoftourismresearch.Butatthemomentof"tourism","visitors","tourism"thethreebasicconcept,hasbeenalackofconsensus,itbecomeabigdifficultyintourismresearch,andsoalotofproblemsinthestudy.Nameandrealityproblem,belongstothecategoryoflanguagephilosophy,inthetourismindustry,peopleoftenusethe"tourism","visitors","tourism",usuallyhaveacommon"name",butnocommon"solid",theso-called"actuality".Itisimportanttonotethatthedifficultiesdonotlieinthelackofrelevantdefinitionsoftourism;Itistheresearcherswho,fromtheirownpointofview,randomlyuserelevantconceptstocreateconfusion.Abasicunderstandingoftourismrelatedconceptshelpstocreateacleardiscussionenvironmentfortourismresearch.Needspecial,duetothestatisticaldataisthedirectbasisofquantitativestudytourismeconomy,sofromtheperspectiveofstatisticstodefinethebasicconceptoftourismforthetourismeconomyresearchhasimportantsignificance.
1.Thedefinitionofthebasicconceptoftourismfromtheperspectiveofstatistics
Fromastatisticalperspective,theextensionofthebasicconceptoftourismshouldbeconsistentinordertoobtaintheconsistencyoftouristdata.Inthisway,thedefinitionof"tourism"and"tourist"isthepremiseoftheconceptof"tourism".AccordingtotheworldtourismorganizationandtheUnitedNationsstatisticalcommissionrecommended,thedefinitionof"tourism"means"forleisure,businessorotherpurposestoleavehis/herusualenvironment,toacertainplaceandstaythere,butnomorethanoneyearinarow."Andputforwardthepurposeofthetripandvisitincludessixcategories:
"leisure,entertainment,holiday","tovisitfriendsandrelatives","business,professionalaccess","healthcare","religious/worship","other".And"tourists"refersto"anyonetohim/hertotraveloutsidetheirusualenvironment,notmorethan12monthsinarow,andthemainpurposeofthetripisnotfromaccesstopaidbyactivitiesengagedinbypeople."Accordingtothisdefinition,therearethreebasiccriteriathatdistinguish"tourists"fromothertravelers:
(1)travelshouldbeoutsidetheusualenvironment;
(2)thedurationofthevisitshallnotexceed12consecutivemonths;(3)themainpurposeofthevisitisnottoobtainpaymentfromaccess.Onthebasisoftheabovedefinition,canclearlyknowthevariousdefinitionsrelatedto"tourists",thisalsoindicatesthattheouterboundaryoftouriststatisticsonlyinclude"tourists"tourismactivities,notincludingothertravelerstravelactivities.Inthenationaltourismadministrationformulatedandapprovedbythenationalbureauofstatistics(NBS)thestatisticalinvestigationsysteminthemagazine,"istheconceptof"tourists"meansanyforleisure,entertainment,sightseeing,holiday,visitingfriends,medicalrehabilitation,shopping,toattendthemeetingorineconomy,culture,sports,religiousactivities,leavetheresidentcountries(orlocal)toothercountries(orlocal),
Itlastsfornomorethan12months,andthemainpurposeofothercountries(orotherplaces)isnottogetpaidfortheactivitiestheyengagein."Atthesametime,speciallypointedoutthat"tourists"doesnotincludeduetoworkorstudy.Backandforthinbothregularvisitorsaccordingtotheinboundtouristsanddomestictouriststraveltopoints.Accordingtothetouriststraveltimepoints(overnightvisitors)andaday-tripvisitors(notovernightvisitors).
Oddly,theideaof"tourism"and"tourist"hasnotmadethedefinitionof"tourism"alogicalplacefortheworldtourismorganizationandtheUNstatisticalcommission.Themainreasonmaybewhetherthereisnoconsensusonwhether"tourism"isanindustryornot.Butthetourismsatelliteaccount(TSA),whichisactivelypromotedbytheworldtourismorganization,cangenerallyinferthat"tourism"is"acollectionofindustriesthatprovidegoodsandservicesfortourismactivities."Itshouldbenotedthatingeneral,theindustryinthecollectionprovidesnotonlygoodsandservicesfortourists,butalsogoodsandservicesfornon-tourists.Onlythegoodsandservicesprovidedtotouristscanbecollectedintothestatisticalcategoryof"tourism".Forexample,inthecateringindustry,onlypartsofthecateringindustrycanbereturnedto"tourism".
2.Definetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthebasicconceptoftourismfromastatisticalperspective
Thebasicconceptoftourismfromstatisticalpointofviewisthedefinitionofeconomiccategory,andtheessentialfeatureistoviewtourismactivitiesfromtheperspectiveofdemand.Asoneofmanyconcepts,itsadvantagehasthree:
(1)theconceptlaunchedbytheworldtourismorganizationandtheUnitedNationsstatisticscommittee,equivalenttoaninternationalstandard,nationaltourismaccordingtotheconceptofthestatisticsindatatoacomparablebasis,usingtheconceptoftourismstatistics,canmakeChina'stourismfiguresinlinewithinternationalstandards;
(2)thescopeofthisconceptcanprovideabroaderspacefortourismresearch.(3)thedefinitionofthisconceptprovidesthepossibilityforstatisticaltourismactivitiesintheory,whilerelevantstatisticsareavailable,andthequantitativetourismeconomicresearchcanbereliedon.
Besides,therearethreemaindisadvantages:
(1)thisconceptistoolargetoaccuratelygraspthecharacteristicsandlawsofdifferenttourists.
(2)insomepeople'sminds,"tourism"shouldbeonvacation,sightseeing,entertainmentforthepurpose,shouldnotincludeabusinessmeetingandtovisitfriendsandrelatives,sothisconceptisnotaccordwithsomegeneralunderstandingof"tourism";(3)duetothe"tourism"isderivedfromtheconceptofacollectionofindustrythatcannotusethetravelagency,alsocannotusetouristhoteldatatoreflectthepanoramaoftourism,sotogiveanaccurateandcomprehensivestatisticsoftourismoveralldataisdifficult.
3.Furtherexplanationofthebasicconceptoftourismfromtheperspectiveofstatistics
Oneofthemaindifferencesbetweentourismconceptsandotherdefinitionsinthestatisticalperspectiveisthatthesame"name","real"scopeisdifferent.Butitdoesn'tmatterifitismorethan50metersormorethan100meters.Itisimportanttoreferto"high-risebuildings"withuniformstandards.Ifmorethan50metersofbuildingsarebuiltashigh-risebuildings;
Itdoesnotprecludethespecialneedsofthehigh-risesofmorethan200meters.Inthesameway,theconceptoftourisminthestatisticalperspectiveisrelativelybroad,butitcanbedividedintomoredetailedresearchobjectsfromthisdefinition.Forexample,thepurposeofthetripcanbeseparatedfromsightseeing,meetingtourism,sportstourismandotherspecializedresearch.Itcanalsobeclassifiedintoamoredetailedbeachleisureholidaytravelcategoryfromleisurevacationtourism.Ifthetourismeconomyproblemisstudied,thebasicconceptoftourismasabasisfordefiningtouristboundariescanavoidmanymisunderstandings.Forexample,thestudyofleisurestudiesisintheascendant,butitisaheadachetograsptheresearchscopeofleisureeconomyandtourismeconomy.Itiscertainthatthescopeofthetwostudiesisdifferent,buttherewillbepartialoverlap.Ifthedefinitionoftourismisbasedonstatisticalperspective,thetheoreticalboundariesareclear:
onlyeconomicactivitiesinvolvingtravelactivitiesintheleisureeconomycanbeincludedinthestudyoftourismeconomy.Beforetherearemanyarticlesmaketheconceptofmicetourismcomplex,actuallywithtourismstatisticsconcept,canseeclearly:
theproblemofthemicetourism,toparticipateinexhibitionout-of-townbusinessmeningeneral,belongstothecategoryoftourists,merchantsinmiceaftersightseeing,holidayactivities,duetoitsmainpurposeistoparticipateinbusinessactivities,shouldbeclassifiedinto"businesstravel";Visitorstotheexhibitionshouldalsobecountedas"tourists"iftheyarenot"normal".
Itisnoteasytoaccuratelygraspthe"normalenvironment"inthedefinitionoftouriststatisticsand"getpaidwithoutaccess".However,itisnotconsideredthatthestatisticsbasedonthisconceptcannotreflecttheincreaseanddecreaseoftourism.Itshouldbeseenthatmoststatistics,fromabstractconceptstospecificdata,facesimilardifficulties.Forexample,therearethreeconditionsforthedefinitionof"unemployment":
theabilitytowork,towork,butnottowork.Eachoftheseconditionsishardtosay.Taking"willingtowork"asanexample,theminimumwageisacceptable;Thesamejob,themonthlyincomeof500yuan,maybeamigrantworkerwillingtodo,he/sheisemployed;Adoctordoesn'twanttodoit.Instead,heorshebecomesunemployed.Countries"unemployment"isaffectedbythelegalminimumwagestandard,soitsreflectunemploymentnaturealsoimpossibleisabsolutelytrue,butthereisnodenyingthefactthatonthebasisofthestatisticsof"unemployment"alsotograspthespecificperiodofemploymenthasanimportantrole.Althoughthestatisticalconceptoftourismisstillimperfect,wedonotneedtogiveuptheconceptofchoking.Infact,thestatisticsofthisconceptcanreflecttheoverallappearanceofChina'stourismdevel
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