初中语法.docx
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初中语法.docx
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初中语法
名词
(一)名词的分类
名词分为{
分类Tom,theGreatWall,theSpringFestival,news,apple,maths,water,happiness
(二)名词的数
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加___.
eg.book____,dog_____,pen_____,boy______
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加_____.
eg.beach________,brush________,bus_______,box_________
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,______________________.
eg.city______,family_________,country________,strawberry______
(注:
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,_____.eg.boy____,holiday_____,day_______)
(4)以元音字母o结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:
①加___.tomato__________,potato_________
②加___,eg.zoo_____,radio_______piano_____
③zero变复数时,加_____eg.zero_________________
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,________________________.
eg.wife_______,leaf__________,half__________,thief________
(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。
eg.man_____,woman________,policeman________,Englishman_______,Frenchman_______,foot________,tooth_______,child_________,mouse____,Ox____(公牛)
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,works
(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes
另外,当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。
e.g五棵苹果树__________________两个男朋友_____________________
但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。
eg.twomenteachers,threewomendoctors
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。
(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,alotof/lotsof,some,any等词修饰。
(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。
如:
two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
eg.两杯茶________________________,四瓶牛奶________________________
3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。
eg:
fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——adrink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒;chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡;orange橘汁——anorange橘子;glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜;paper纸——apaper试卷、论文;wood木头——awood小森林;room空间、余地——aroom房间
(三)名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)
(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。
①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s.
e.g.Mike’swatch,妇女节_________________
②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。
e.g.teachers’office,students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加’s.
e.g.TomandMike’sroom汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)
④两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加’s.
eg.Mary’sandJenny’sbikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自
行车)
在表示“店铺,某某家,诊所”的名词所有格后面,一般省去被修饰的名词。
athisbrother’s________atthedoctors’________atthebarker’s____________
⑥用所有格表示时间或距离的方法:
tenminutes’drive十分钟车程,amonth’sholiday一个月的假期
⑦用所有格表示节日的方法:
Teachers’Day,Children’sDay.需要注意的是除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示,因为爸爸妈妈每个人就只有一个所以不用复数,Mother’sDay,Father’sDay
(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构
eg.amapofChina,thebeginningofthisgame,thedooroftheroom
(3)特殊形式
①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格
eg.theboy’sname=thenameOftheboy(男孩的名字)
thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog(狗的腿)
China’spopulation=thepopulationOfChina(中国的人口)
China’scapital=thecapitalofChina(中国的首都)
②双重所有格
eg.afiendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友
apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片
(四)名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1).如主语是单数,后跟with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式.
LiHuawithmeoften________(go)tothecinema.
Thewomanwithtwochildren__________(be)cominghere.
(2).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.
Thenews_______surprising.(be)
Maths______animportantsubject.(be)
(3).单数形式复数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.
Thepolice______(have/has)caughtthethief.
Thepeoplethere_____verykind.(be)
(4).一些集体名词如family,class,team等作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式.
Hisfamily_____(are/is)notalargeone.他家不是个大家庭。
Herfamily____(is/are)watchingTV.他全家人在看电视。
(5).表示时间,金钱,距离的名词加s后,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式.
Twohours_____(be)enoughforustogetthere
Onehundreddollars____(be)enough.
Fivekilometers_____(be)alongwayforthechildern.
(6).复数名词shoes,trousers,glasses等由pair修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair决定.
Thepairofshoes_________(look)nice.
Thattwopairsoftrousers_____(be)bothtoolong.
(7)由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式.若表示个体概念,谓语动词用复数形式.
Myoldfriendandmyclassmate____(has/has)justcomebackfromAmerica.
Thesingeranddancer______(is/are)toattendourEnglishevening.
(8)“Thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
“Anumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
(9)neither…nor;either…or…;notonly…butalso等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如:
(2)用apieceof这类定语,例如:
apieceofpaper,apieceofbread,acupoftea,threeglassesofwater
初中英语语法专项习题-名词
一.1.()1Shewasveryhappy.She inthemathstest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakes
C.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake
()2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe
()3_____are____forcuttingthings.
A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using
()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.
A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave
()6-Canwehavesome___?
-Yes,please.
A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear
2()1Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories
()2Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.
A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice
()3Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.
A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsP.news
()4What___lovelyweatheritis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
3()1-Wouldyoulike___tea?
-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.
A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange
C.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges
()2Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()3Itreallytookhim:
___todrawthenicehorse.
A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime
()4Iwouldliketohave___.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkI
C.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
()5Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
()6Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof
()7Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe
C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
4() 1-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?
-I'vegotfive.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken
()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.
A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies
()3.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American
5()1Thistableismadeof___.
A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass
()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?
-I'dlike____.!
A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken
()3Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom
6()1Tablesaremadeof___.
A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods
()2Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.
A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples
()3Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.
A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks
7()1___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.
A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a
()2Howmany werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?
A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples
8()1Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.
A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair
()2LastweekIboughta____TV.A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block
()3Thereisa_____ofwoodleftontheground.
A.cupB.piece,C.boxD.pair
9()1Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.
A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher
()2Therearefive___inourfactory.
A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers
10()1Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.
A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters
()2Wecametoa___atlastandwentin.
A.watchshopB.watchesshop,'C.watchingshopD.watchsshop
()3Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It'sa___.
A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop
()4Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.
A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass
()5I'veforgottenbothofthe____.
A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber
11.1.September10this____inChina.
A.Teacher'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay
()2-Isthebroomunder____desk?
-No,it'sunder____.
A.theteacher's;myB.teacher's;mineC.teacher's;meD.theteacher's;mine
()3Excuseme,whereisthe___?
A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menrooms
12()1Thefootballunderthebedis____.
A.LilyandLucyB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.Lily'sandLucyD.LilyandLucy's
()2Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.
A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors'
()3Joanis____.
A.Mary'sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack'ssister
C.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary'sandJack'ssister
13()1Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.
A.yearB.years'C.year'sD.years
()2It'sabout___walkfrommyhouse.
A.tenminuteB.tenminutes'C.tenminute'sD.tenminutes
()3Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.
A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalk
C.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk
14()1____facetothesouth.
A.WindowsoftheroomB.Thewindowsoftheroom
C.Theroom'swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom
()2Pleasetaketwo___.
A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesofthepark
C.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark
()3Theworkersarerepairing____.
A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouse
C.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse
15()1MissSmithisafriendof____.
A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD.Marymothers
()2Thisisabookof___.
A.TomB.Tom'sC.herD.him
()3Thepostcardissentby____.
A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather's
C.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriend'
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