exeCh1.docx
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exeCh1.docx
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exeCh1
AdditionalExerciseforChapter1
1.Whenyouareinvolvedinasocialprocessthatinvolvestheassemblyanduseof____tocreategoodsandservicescapableofsatisfyingsocialneedsandwants,whatyouaredoingis_______.
A)productiveresources...business
B)basicoutputs...economics
C)productiveprocess...management
D)capital...control
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheconceptofcapital?
A)distributingfacilitiesB)services
C)toolsD)transportation
3.Thereturnthatbusinessownersreceiveforassemblingthebasicinputsandtakingrisksofbusinessownershipisknownas______.
A)profitB)fringebenefits
C)rentD)interest
4.Thewayinwhichworkersareallowedtofocusalltheireffortsononespecificworkratherthanonseveraltasksisknownas______.
A)massproductionB)specification
C)specializationD)automation
5.Themostimportanttrendofthe1980sinU.S.businessworldis__________,particularlyintheformofhostiletakeovers.
A)mergersB)laborunions
C)computerizationD)consumerpreference
6.WhichofthefollowingisnotthemajoreconomicgoaloftheU.S.?
A)economicfreedomB)economicgrowth
C)utilitymaximizationD)pricestability
7.Industrialinwhichafewfirmsproducemostoralloftheoutputofaproductandinwhichlargecapitalrequirementsorotherfactorskeepoutmanyfirmsare_______.
A)oligopoliesB)monopolisticcompetition
C)socialismD)communism
8.EconomicgrowthisoftenindicatedbyallofthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT________.
A)grossnationalproductB)pricestability
C)nationalincomeD)personalincome
9.Tobeexactly,pricestabilityismainlymeasuredby_____.
A)consumerpriceindexB)inflation
C)stagflationD)purchasingpower
10.Toknowhowwellaneconomicsystemisperformed,whichofthefollowingfactorsneedn'ttobetakenintoconsideration?
A)GNPB)Leadingeconomicindicators
C)StandardoflivingD)Unemploymentrate
11.Whichofthefollowingisdefinedasameasureofoutputperunitoftimeperworker?
A)productivityB)efficiency
C)accountabilityD)effectiveness
12.Themarketstructurecharacterizedbybarrierstoentryisdefinedas__________.
A)perfectcompetitionB)puremonopolyC)oligopolyD)monopolisticcompetition
13.Ifagovernmentownsthecommunications,transportation,utilitiesindustries,andsomeofthenatural-resourceindustrieswhilemostotheractivitiesiscarriedonbyprivateenterprises,theeconomicsystemofthecountryisthatof_______________.
A)socialismB)communism
C)capitalismD)mixedeconomy
14.Whichofthefollowingiswrongabouttheunderstandingofthetermbusiness?
A)Businessmakesuseoffourproductiveresources.
B)Businessinvolvesinprovidinggoodsandservicesneededordesiredbypeople.
C)Ahealthybusinessworldprovidesmoreincomeandalowerstandardoflivingforallpeople.
D)Theoutputsofbusinessactivitiescanbeeithertangibleorintangible.
15.TheconsequencesoftheIndustrialRevolutionincludeallofthefollowingexcept_______.
A)massproductionB)specialization
C)automationD)assemblyline
16.Consumersalwaystryto_______satisfactionbychoosingamongthethingsthatpleasethemmost.
A)maximizeB)minimize
C)reduceD)appropriate
17.__isthepersonalincomeminuspersonaltaxes.
A)investmentincomeB)moneyincome
C)personalincomeD)disposableincome
18.Ageneralupwardmovementofpricesordownwardmovementofpurchasingpoweris___.
A)inflationB)boom
C)prosperityD)depreciation
19.Inthe1970sandveryearly1980s,theU.S.economyexperienced______.
A)stagflationB)fullemployment
C)industrialrevolutionD)mergerera
20._____arelegalentitiesestablishedbythelawsasartificialbeing,invisible,intangible,andexistingonlyincontemplationofthelaw.
A)PartnershipsB)Soleproprietorships
C)CorporationsD)JointVentures
21.Ifthemergingcompaniesperformessentiallythesamefunctionsinthesameindustry,themergeriscalleda________________.
A)horizontalmergerB)verticalmergerC)conglomerateD)takeover
22._______arethejoiningtogetheroftwofirmsinwhichoneofthem(usuallythelarger)takesovertheother,causingittoloseitsidentity.
A)takeoversB)mergers
C)BusinessCombinationsD)acquisitions
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtotheadvantagesofcorporations?
A)Ownersofcorporationsaren’trequiredtopayincometaxesontheprofitsoftheiractivities.
B)Thecorporationisalegalentitythatexistsseparatefromitsowners.
C)Transferofownershipdoesn’tterminatethecorporation.
D).Thelifeofcorporationsisunlimited.
24.ThemergerofCoca-ColaandColumbiaPicturesisanexampleof______
A)conglomerateB)combination
C)hostiletakeoverD)shortgunmerger
25.Easeoftransferabilityofownershipisoneoftheadvantagesof______
A)soleproprietorshipsB)corporation
C)partnershipD)cooperative
26.Themajorpurposeofcooperativesis_______.
A)formaximumpossibleprofits
B)togeneratesufficientrevenuesfortheowners
C)tosatisfythecustomer’sneedstothepossibleextent
D)toachievemutualbenefits
27.Publicinvolvementinquasi-publiccorporationsusuallyderivesfromsomeaspectsofthebusinessthatis__________.
A)unappealingtoprivateinvestors
B)appealingtoprivateinvestors
C)substantialcapitalrequirementsthatwouldbeforthcomingimmediatelyandeasily.
D)risksconcerned.
AdditionalWords
Acceleratorprinciple加速原理
Aggregatedemand总需求
Aggregatedemand(AD)curve总需求曲线
Aggregatesupply总供给
Aggregatesupply(AS)curve总供给曲线
Demandcurve(ordemandschedule)需求曲线(或需求表)
Price-elasticityofdemand需求的价格弹性
Price-elasticityofsupply供给的价格弹性
Incomeelasticityofdemand需求的收入弹性
Resourceallocation资源配置
Allocativeefficiency配置效率
Averagepropensitytoconsume平均消费倾向
Averagerevenue平均收益
Barrierstoentry进入壁垒
Break-evenpoint(inmacroeconomics)(宏观经济学中的)收支相抵点
Zero-profit-point零利润点
Businesscycles商业周期
Coasetheorem科斯定理
Collusiveoligopoly寡头勾结垄断
Competitiveequilibrium竞争均衡
Competitivemarket竞争性市场
Complements互补品
Constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变
Decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减
Consumersurplus消费者剩余
Crowding-outhypothesis挤出(效应)假说
Diminishingmarginalutility,lawof边际效用递减规律
Economiesofscale规模经济
Externaldiseconomies外部不经济
Externaleconomies外部经济
Externalities外部性
Gametheory博弈论
Generalequilibriumanalysis一般均衡分析
Partialequilibriumanalysis局部均衡分析
Indifferencecurve无差异曲线
Indifferencemap无差异曲线图
Infantindustry幼稚产业
Intellectualpropertyrights知识产权
Invisiblehand看不见的手
Laborsupply劳动供给
Labortheoryofvalue劳动价值论
Marginalprinciple边际原则
Marginalpropensityofconsume(MPC)边际消费倾向
Marginalrevenue(MR)边际收益
Marginalutility(MU)边际效用
Marketfailure市场失灵
Opportunitycost机会成本
Paretoefficiency(orParetooptimality)帕累托效率(或帕累托最优)
Phillipscurve菲利普斯曲线
Returnstoscale规模收益
Substitutionrule替代原则
Welfareeconomics福利经济学
KeytoExercises
Exe.1
1.factorsofproduction;basicoutputs
2.factormarkets,output
3.Economics;profitmaximization
4.soleproprietorships,partnerships,corporations;quasi-publiccorporations,cooperatives
5.generalpartnerships,limitedpartnerships,jointventures
6.lawofdemand;lawofsupply
7.economicgrowth,fullemployment,pricestability
8.horizontalmerger,verticalmerger,conglomerate
Exe.2
1.周期性失业
2.主要经济指标
3.景气指数
4.管理技术
5.物价总体水平
6.垄断性竞争
7.零售业
8.生产资料,资本货物
9.成本推动型通货膨胀
10.计划经济
11.fullemployment
12.structuralunemployment
13.profitmaximization
14.grocerymarket
15.quasi-publiccorporation
16.grossnationalproduct
17.horizontalmerger
18.proprietorincome
19.stagflation
20.purchasingpower
Exe.3
1.Profitmaximizationisthebasicgoalofallcorporationsandbusinesses.Failuretodothiswillresultinthefailuretoachieveotherobjectives.
2.Asakindofbusinessorganization,theadvantagesoflistedcompaniesrestintheireaseofobtainingadditionalcapital,stabilityofexistenceandlimitedliabilityincaseofbankruptcy.Smallbusinessescanbefoundinagriculture,services,wholesaleandretailtrade,manufacturingandconstruction,withsoleproprietorshipsandpartnershipsastheirbasicformsoforganization.
3.Economicscanbedividedintomacroeconomicsandmicroeconomics,mainlystudyinghowpeopleusescarceresourcestoproduceanddistributegoodsandservices.
Exe.4
1.经济增长可以用国民生产总值、国民收入、个人收入和个人可支配收入等衡量。
国民生产总值指一年内创造的所有商品和服务的货币价值。
用国民收入衡量经济活动,是把工资、薪水、租金、利息、公司以及非公司制企业的账面利润加总而得。
个人收入指家庭所获得的总收入。
个人可支配收入是个人收入减去个人所得税后的余额。
2.独资企业的优点有:
成立容易、成本低,业主享有所有利润,业主可以直接控制企业,受政府管制少,不需交纳企业税,解散容易。
缺点有:
业主对债务承担无限责任,筹资困难,缺少管理技术,企业的存在不稳定,难以吸引优秀人才,业主个人要承受所有损失。
3.公司创立者指组织成立公司的人。
股东即业主。
他们可以获得股息,并可以在任何时候出售或转让所拥有的股份。
他们有权参加公司的年会,选举董事会。
董事会是公司的权力机构。
公司高管是公司的高级雇员,他们负责公司的日常经营活动。
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