中西时间观念的对比分析.ppt
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中西时间观念的对比分析.ppt
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ReflectionsofTimeConcept,Linearextensionandcircularrotation线伸环旋,Western:
extension,senseoftimeshortage,futurevaluedChinese:
rotation,senseoftimeabundance,pastcherished,Timeisariver,atorrent,awaterfall.Timeismarching,flyingandflowing.,Timeiscomparedtowater,Timeandtidewaitfornoman,Timelostisneverfoundagain,“Timeisthedevourerofeverything.”Ovid,RomanPoet43B.C.,EnglishPoet(16081674),EnglishPlaywright(15641616),时间是一切事物的吞食者。
奥维特,“Timeisthesubtlethiefofyouth.”-Milton,“Timeismostbriskandgiddy-paced.”-Shakespeare,时间是窃走青春的神秘盗贼。
弥尔顿,时间步伐如此迅疾,令人眼花缭乱。
莎士比亚,QuotationsfromPoets,昨天,今天,明天,TimesPacesWhenIwasababeandweptandslept,Timecrept;WhenIwasaboyandlaughedandtalked,Timewalked.Thenwhentheyearssawmeaman,Timeran.ButasIoldergrew,Timeflew.Soon,asIjourneyon,Illfindtimegone.MayChristhavesavedmysoul,bythen,Amen.,GuyPentreath(1902-1985),春与秋其代序。
(屈原:
离骚)Springalternateswithautumn.,日月光华,旦复旦兮。
(尚书大传上卷)Thesunalternateswiththemoon;Dayscomeoneafteranothersoon.,Timeislikeacircle,失之东隅,收之桑榆。
Whatislostatsunrisecanberegainedatsunset.冯异,Idiom:
时来运转Thefavorofthetimecyclebringsgoodluck.,Afterextremebadluck,comesgoodluck,枯木逢春犹再发Awitheredtreecomestolifeagain,Americansbelievetimeisalimitedresource,theytrytoconserveandmanageit.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.,Doyoulovelife?
Thendonotwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof.,SubjectivetimeandobjectivetimeAmericansseetimeasavaluableresource.Maybethatswhytheyarefondoftheexpression,Timeismoney.,Americansenseoftimeshortage,deadlines,plans,appointments,pocketplanners,calendars,accountings,ontime,intime,timemanagements,timetables,agendas,schedules,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.,TheBlockbuster,Americanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeoplerespectthetimeofothers.Whenpeopleplananevent,theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Oncethetimeisfixed,ittakesalmostanemergencytochangeit.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient.,Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledonttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.Chinese,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.TheyfinditeasiertogowiththeflowthanAmericans,wholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.,Lineartimeconcept,Timeismarchingforward,Losttimeisneverfoundagain,Timeisalimitedresource,Timeismoney,valueit,Punctuality,Respect,Lifestyle,CauseandEffect,Chinesesenseoftimeabundance,TheChinesenationsconceptoftimeisrootedinthecultureoffarmingtime;timehasacloserelationwiththenature.Timeisreallyfleeting,butitalsocircleliketheconstantlychangingoffourseasons,andthesunandthemooncyclealternately,itwillcomebacksoon;sopeopleusuallythinkthatthelosttimecouldbeback.Thiskindofviewoftimeshapedpeopleasensethattimeisrich,andalsonurturedahabitofleisureandslowlivinghabit.,Cases,TimeforChineseismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered.TheyusuallyscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametimeTheyusuallyputinterpersonalrelationsabovethescheduleThebigshotusuallyislate,慢走,慢用,慢慢看,慢慢做,慢慢商量,慢慢欣赏,慢慢来,Americanfutureorientation,thewesterners(especiallytheAmericans)wereinfluencedbytheChristian“originalsin”,tendingtobelieve“menattheirbirth,arenaturallyevil.Somostofthemchoosethefuturistictimeorientation.Suchas:
A.“跟上时代”(keepingupwiththetime)B.“关注未来”(keepinganeyeonthefuture)astheactionguidance.C.Itwaswidelybelievedthatequalityinopportunitiesforeverybody,insignificanceinhistory.Iftheyworkhard,itwillbesuccessful;Changemeansprogress,andnewthingsarealwaysbetterthantheoldthings.,Chinesepastorientation,ChinaastherepresentativeofAsianschoosetolookbackinthetimeorientationCulturalfactors:
Asians(especiallytheChinese)wasinfluencedbytraditionalConfucianculture,sotendingtobelieve“Menattheirbirtharenaturallygood”.Andsocialguidanceinclinetotradition.Expressions:
A.consideringwhetherthismatterhasbeendoneoverthepastandwhatthesuccessfulexperienceandlessonsfromfailuresis.B.worshippingofancestors,respectingtheelderlyandteachers,attachingimportancetoexperience,age,whichhasrelationwiththepast.,Theword“Lao”inChinausedtoshowrespecttothosewhoaremoreexperiencedandusuallyolder,like“LaoLi”,“LaoWang”.Inthiswayweshowrespectandamitytotheoldpeople,whichindicatesapasttimeorientation.,Chinesebelongtothe“pasttimeorientation”,andtheChinesenationhavealonghistoryforfivethousandyears,sopeopleinChinaattachgreatimportancetohistoryandtradition.AlthoughcontemporaryChinesepeoplealsopayattentiontolookforward,“past”alsotakeanimportantroleinpeoplesdeepheart.Ontheotherhand,peopleholdadifferentattitudeonthepredecessors.Thisisbecausethecleardifferenceintheattitudetotheword“old”.Soyoumustusesomeeuphemism,suchas“senior”,“aged”,“veteran”,“citizen”,”goldenager”,“elder”,etc.AllthesereflecttheAmericans“future-oriented”conceptionoftimeindirectly.Theythinkthatpastthingarejustthepast,theynevertreatpastthingasagoodthing.,Oldmeansmaturity,fullofwisdomandexperience,“old”means“useless”,“hopeless”,Oldmeansuseless,hopeless,fragile,approachingtodeath,昨天,今天,明天,InTheSilentLanguage,Halllaysemphasisonthevoicesoftime.“Timetalks.Itspeaksmoreplainlythanwords.Themessageitconveyscomesthroughloudandclear.Becauseitismanipulatedlessconsciously,itissubjecttolessdistortionthanthespokenlanguage.Itcanshoutthetruthwherewordslie.”,EdwardTwitchellHall,Changes,WiththeaccelerationoftheChinasmodernization,andtheincreaseofforeignexchange,weareconstantlyabsorbingintheessenceoftheforeignculture,andtheconceptoftimealsograduallychanged.ThelinearsenseoftimegraduallyengagedintotheChineseculture.Meanwhile,westernersunderstandingandacceptancedegreetotraditionalChinesecultureisconstantlyimproving,withtheincreaseofvariousculturalcommunication,thephenomenonofculturalfusionalsoincreased,Chineseandwesternersrespectiveincreasingexchangetheiroriginaltraditionalconceptoftimegradually.Asfortheabovephenomenon,wecandoasfollows:
Respectforculturaldifferencesandreducingcommunicationbarriers.,Respectculturalcustomsmutually.,Abandonnationalcenter-culturalideas,Purposes,Tohelpustounderstandthesetwokindsofculturalmainstreamtendencybetter;Toovercomethecommunicationbarriersandmisunderstandingsincross-culturalcommunication;Tolearnfromeachandseekmutualpromotionandaccommodation,昨天,今天,明天,HOURGLASS,Theflowofsandinanhourglasscanbeusedtokeeptrackofelapsedtime.Italsoconcretelyrepresentsthepresentasbeingbetweenthepastandthefuture.,
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- 中西 时间 观念 对比 分析