雅思词汇3社会类词汇解析.docx
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雅思词汇3社会类词汇解析.docx
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雅思词汇3社会类词汇解析
Society:
社会类
1.Urban:
adjrelatingto,orcharacteristicofatownorcity城市的;都市的,与城市有关的;有城市特色的
Eg.urbanconstruction/population/development
Theurbanareaisusuallydenselypopulated.
urbanize:
vmakeorbecomeurbanincharacter使城市化,使都市化
Eg.Theislandhasrecentlybeenurbanized.
urbanization:
n
Eg.Urbanizationhastakenplaceveryrapidlyindevelopingcountries.
Metropolitan:
adjof,relatingto,ordenotingametropolis大都会的,大城市的;有大城市气派的
Eg.Metropolitanarea
Manypeoplecouldn'taffordtopurchasehousesinthemetropolitanareas.
Metropolis:
n
(1)thecapitalorchiefcityofacountryorregion(国或地区的)首都,首府,首要城市
(2)averylargeanddenselypopulatedindustrialandcommercialcity大都会,大城市
Rural:
relatingto,orcharacteristicofthecountrysideratherthanthetown农村的,(有关)乡村的;有乡村特点的
Eg.Remoteruralareas遥远的农村地区
Cropsaregrowninruralareas.
Thechildreninbackwardedruralareasdon'thaveanaccesstobettereducationfacility.
构词法:
-ward(s)朝向⋯的
Eg.Upward(s)downward(s)forward(s)backward(s)
Eastward(s)westward(s)southward(s)northward(s)
Homeward(s)
Ruralize:
v
Ruralization:
n
Rustic:
adjhavingasimplicityandcharmthatisconsideredtypicalofthecountryside淳朴的,朴素的;质朴的;乡下风格的
Eg.rusticcostume
Suburban:
adjoforcharacteristicofasuburb郊区的
Eg.Suburbanlife近郊生活
Suburbanize:
v
Suburbanization:
n
构词法:
sub-:
表示“下面,底下,往下”;“下级,次要,从属”Subway(underground)subtitlesub-zerotemperaturesubtropicalSubdividesubadult亚成体,接近成年的动物subcategory亚类,子种类,子范畴subconscioussubcontinent次大陆subsequent
2.central:
adj
centralize:
v[oftenasadjcentralized]concentrate(controlofanactivityororganization)underasingleauthority将权力集中,集权(于
一身);使集权
eg.ahighlycentralizedcountry
centralization:
n
Decentralize:
v[oftenasadjdecentralized]transfer(authority)fromcentraltolocalgovernment分权
Eg.Canadahasoneofthemostdecentralizedgovernmentsintheworld.Decentralization:
n
Eg.thenewleaderadvocatesdecentralizationtopreventcorruption.构词法:
de-:
nonot否定
Eg.Demeritdeforestdeformdegrade
Decentralizedecreasedevalue
3.Imbalance:
nlackofproportionorrelationbetweencorrespondingthings不均衡,不平衡,失衡,失调
Eg.Tensionisgeneratedbytheimbalanceofpower.
构词法:
im-:
nonot否定前缀
Eg.Impossibleimproperimbalanceimmoral
Imperfectimmortal永生的,不朽的immeasurable不可估量
的
4.Infrastructure:
nthebasicphysicalandorganizationalstructuresandfacilities(eg.Buildings,roads,powersupplies)neededfortheoperationofasocietyorenterprise基础结构,基础设施
Eg.Economic/social/transportInfrastructure经济/社会/交通基础设施
Chinahasrecentlyinvestedalotintheimprovementoftheinfrastructureofunderdevelopedcountries.
mercial:
adj
(1)connectedwithorengagedcommerce贸易的,商业的,商务的eg.Acommercialagreement贸易协定
(2)makingorintendedtomakeaprofit获利的,营利的,用作商品的eg.Commercialproducts商品
(3)Havingprofit,ratherthanartisticorothervalue,asaprimaryaim以获利为主要目的的,商品化的
Eg.Theirworkistoocommercial他们的作品过于商品化了。
N:
atelevisionorradioadvertisement电视广告,电台广告commercialize:
v【oftenasadjbecommercialized】starttomanage(anorganizationoractivity)inawaydesignedtomakeaprofit使(组织,活动)商业化
Eg.Themuseumhasbeencommercialized.
Commercializedresortareas已开发的商业性游乐胜地commercialization:
n
6.Industry:
ntourist/serviceindustrytertiaryindustry第三产业
Industrial:
adj
Industrialize:
v【oftenasadjindustrialized】developindustriesin(acountryorregion)onawidescale.使(国家,地区)工业化
Industrializednations工业化国家
Industrialization:
n
7.polar:
n
polarize:
v
polarization:
n
8.stable:
adj
(1)(ofanobjectorstructure)notlikelytogivewayoroverturn;firmlyfixed.(物体,结构)稳定的;稳固的,牢固的
(2)(ofapatientortheirmedicalcondition)notdeterioratinginhealthafteraninjuryoroperation(患者或其伤后或术后身体状况)稳定的,没有恶化的
Eg.Heisnowinastableconditioninhospital.
(3)(ofaperson)saneandsensible;noteasilyupsetordisturbe人d()持重的,稳健的;心态平和的
Eg.Theofficerismentallyandemotionallystable.该军官精神和情绪都很稳定
(4)notlikelytochangeorfail;firmlyestablished持久的,稳固的
Eg.astablerelationship稳定的关系
Priceshaveremainedrelativelystable价格依然相对稳定
stabilize:
vmakeorbecomestable
Eg.Hisconditionappearstohavestabilized.
Anemergencyprogrammedesignedtostabilizetheeconomystability:
nthestateofbeingstable
Eg.socialstability/instability社会稳定/动荡
Therearefearsforthepoliticalstabilityofthearea.
构词法:
动词后缀:
-ize使成为;使变成;以⋯的特点行事
Eg.Computerizememorizesummarizelegalizerationalize
Globalizeinternationalizespecializeutilize
criticizeapologizeurbanizemodernizeorganizeRuralizestabilizehospitabilizepolarizeIndustrializeCommercializecentralizedecentralizeprioritize
9.distribute:
vgiveashareorunitof(something)toeachofanumberofrecipients分发,分配
Eg.Leafletsarebeingdistributedtohotels.
distribution:
nwealthdistribution财富分配
allocate:
vdistribute(resourcesorduties)foraparticularpurpose
(为某目的)分配,分派(资源,责任)
Eg.Theauthoritiesallocated50000placestorefugees.
Studentsareallocatedaccommodationonayearlybasis.allocation:
n
eg.Moreefficientallocationofresources资源的更有效配置
10.employ:
v
employment:
employmentrate就业率
unemployment:
unemploymentrate失业率employer:
n
employee:
n
11.explode:
v
(1)increasesuddenlyorrapidlyinsize,number,orextent激增,迅速扩大
Eg.Theuseofthisdrugexplodedinthe90s
Eg.Populationexplosion
(2)[withobject]cause(abomb)todothis使炸弹爆炸explosion:
npopulationexplosion人口激增,爆炸
Population:
nalltheinhabitantsofaparticulartown,area,orcountry(城镇,地区或国家的)全体居民,人口Eg.Theislandhasapopulationofabout78,000alarge/smallpopulation
Anincrease/afallinpopulation
⋯Have/hasapopulationof⋯
What'sthepopulationof⋯
Areasofsparse/densepopulation:
asparsely-populatedarea/adensely-populatedarea
11.welfare:
socialwelfare社会福利
12.revenue:
(1)income,espwhenofacompanyororganizationandofasubstantialnature(尤指公司或组织数额庞大的)收入,收益
(2)astate'sannualincomefromwhichpublicexpensesareme(t国家)税收eg.therevenue税务局,税务署
13.boom:
n
(1)aloud,deep,resonantsound低沉有回响的声音,隆隆
(2)aperiodofgreatprosperityorrapideconomicgrowth迅速增长,繁荣
v:
[noobject]experienceaperiodofgreatprosperityorrapideconomicgrowth繁荣,昌盛
booming:
adjbusinessisbooming/prosperious.商业蓬勃发展
14.consume:
v
consumption:
nwaysofconsumption消费方式
15.purchase:
v/nacquiresomethingbypayingforit,buy购买
Eg.ThereisgreatpotentialforthepurchasepowerofChinesepeople.
16.pressure:
n
Eg.Heresignedduetopressureofwork
Reduce/alleviate/lessenthepressurefromwork/study
Beundergreatpressureof
stress:
n
17.scarce:
adj(especiallyoffood,money,orsomeotherresource)insufficientforthedemand(尤指食物,金钱或其他资源)缺乏的,不足的,供不应求的inadequate/insuficient/short/lack
Eg.Asrawmaterialsbecamescarce,syntheticsweredeveloped.由于原材料变得稀缺,合成材料被开发出来了
scarcity:
nwaterscarcity/shortage水短缺
Eg.Thereisagreatscarcityoffoodinthedrought-strickenareas.
旱灾地区食物短缺严重
构词法:
in-:
nonot否定前缀
Eg.Inadequate
insufficientincorrectinfiniteincoherent
Invalid
infallibleindiscriminationinfeasible
Indifferent
invisibleincompleteinsignificant无关紧要
的,可忽略的
incredibleincapable
Infallible:
adjincapableofmakingmistakesorbeingwrong不会犯错的,无误的
Infinite:
adj无限的,无穷的,难以估量的,无数的
Eg.TheinfinitenumberofstarsintheuniverseDis-:
Eg.Dislikedisagreedisharmonydisgrace(ful)丢脸的,不
光彩的
Dishonest(y)disappeardiscover(y)
dishonourable
il-:
Eg.illegalillegitimateillogicalilliteracy
ir-:
Eg.irregularirrationalirrevocableirresistible
Irreplaceable
Irrevocable:
adjnotabletobechanged,reversed,orrecovered;final不可改变的,不可取消的,最后的,最终的
Eg.Anirrevocablestep决定性的一步
Irresistible:
adj
(1)tooattractiveandtemptingtoberesisted极具诱
惑力的;极诱人的
Eg.Hefoundthedelicious-lookingcakesirresistible.
(2)toopowerfulorconvincingtoberesisted(太强大有力或有说服力而)不可抵抗的,不可抗拒的
Eg.Shefeltanirresistibleurgetoobject.
Un-:
Eg.Unhappyunluckyunemploymentunnecessary
Unsatisfiedunpleasantunbelievableunlimitted
Unfairunequalunacceptable
Non-:
Eg.Non-smokernon-toxicnon-profitable
ab-:
Eg.abnormalabuse
18.Drain:
n
Drainofenergyandresources能源和资源消耗
19.Rapid:
adjrapidly:
adv
Arapidpaceoflife快节奏生活
Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology
Makerapidprogressin
20.Convenient:
adj
Itisconvenient(forsb)todosth
Convenienttransportationmeans便捷的交通工具
Convenience:
n
21.Priority:
ngivepriorityto⋯优先考虑
Thetoppriorityistomaintainthesocialstability.
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