test 2.docx
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test 2.docx
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test2
成绩
西安交通大学考试题
课程高级英语2
学院考试日期2010年月日
专业班号
姓名学号期中期末
PartIWriting(30minutes)(15%)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
OnlineShoppingYoushouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutlinegiveninChinese.
1)网购可能带来的问题
2)对此提出建议
3)我的看法
OnlineShopping
________________________________________________________________________
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)(10%)
AnimalFactories
Everyyearbillionsofanimalsareraisedandkilledforhumanconsumption.IntheU.S.alone,morethan10billionlandanimalsareslaughteredannually.(Billionsmorefishareraisedandkilledinfish"farms"oraretakenfromoceans,rivers,andlakes.)
Likeallanimals,farmedanimalshavetheabilitytoexperiencepleasureandpain.Unfortunately,farmedanimalsenduretremendousamountofpainandsufferingforunnecessaryhumanuseandconsumption.
Currently,fewlegalprotectionsexistforfarmedanimals.ThefederalAnimalWelfareActdoesnotapplytoanimalsusedinagricultureandmanystateshaveenactedlawsthatspecificallyexemptfarmedanimalsfromportionsofstateanti-crueltystatues.TheHumaneSlaughterActrequiresthatallanimalsslaughteredinfederallyinspectedmeatprocessingplantsberenderedunconscioustotheprocessofslaughter.However,thislawispoorlyenforcedanddoesnotcoverchickensandturkeys,nordoesitcoverkosher,ritual,orhomeslaughter.
Theonlyotherfederallawthataddresseswelfareofanimalsraisedforfoodorfoodproductionisthe"28-hourlaw",whichgenerallyrequiresthatlivestockbeingtransportedacrossstatelinesbehumanelyunloadedintopens(牛羊圈)forfood,water,andatleast5hoursofrestevery28hours.Theeffectivenessofthislawisquestionablehowever;becausethereissomequestionastowhetheritappliestotransportationinlargetrucksasopposedtorailandbecausemostfannedanimalsintheU.S.aretransportedbytruck,thelawisrarely,ifever,enforced.Moreover,28-hourtimelimitissadlyinadequatetoprotectthewelfareoftransportedfarmedanimalsandlagsfarbehindinternationalinitiativesthatcallfortimelimitsofbetween8and12hours.
Unlikefamilyfarmsofthepast,mostanimalsusedinagriculturetodayarepartofhigh-productionfactoryfarmsthattreatanimalsaslittlemorethanmachines.
Infactoryfarms,animalsufferingexistsonanalmostunimaginablescale.Thousandsofanimalsareconfinedinextremelysmallspacestomaximizeproduction.Theyaresubjectedtopainfuldamagessuchasdebarking,toeremoval,dehorning,andcastration,withoutbenefitofpainrelief.Theyaredeniedtheabilitytoengageinnaturalbehaviors.Theyfrequentlydieduringtransportinovercrowdedtrucks.Oncearrivingattheslaughterhouse,theymayhavetheirthroatscutorbeboiledalivewhilestillconscious.
Here'salookathowsomeanimalsaretreatedastheyareturnedintofoodandotherproductsforhumanuse:
Cattle
Morethan40millioncattleandcalvesareslaughteredannuallyintheUnitedStates.Somebeefcattleareraisedontherangewhileothersareraisedincrowdedfeedlots.
Whetherraisedontherangeoronthefeedlot,whenlargeenough,cattlearecrammedintometaltruckandtakentoslaughter.Onthewaytotheslaughterhouse,cattlemaytravelforhoursinswelteringtemperatureswithnoaccesstowater.
Animalswhobecomeweakandunabletostandduetobrokenlegsorillnessarecalled"downers"bythemeatindustry.Downeranimalsareelectricallyprodded,draggedwithchains,orlefttodiewithoutfoodorwater.
Pigs
IntheUnitedStatesmorethan120millionpigsareslaughteredforhumanconsumptioneachyear.
Factory-farmedpigsareraisedincrowdedpensenclosedinsideofhugebarns.Theairinthesestructuresisfilledwitheyeandlung-burningammoniacreatedfromthewastecollectedbelowthefloors.
Breedingsows(母猪)spendtheirlivesinmetalpenssosmallthattheycannoteventurnaround.Withoutadequatespaceandfreedomofmovement,thesesowsoftendevelopfixedbehavior—repetitivemovementsthatservesnopracticalpurposeandthatindicatepsychologicaldistress—suchasheadbobbingandrailbiting.
Attheslaughterhousepigsarestunned(ofteninadequately)andhungupsidedown.西安交通大学考试题
Theirthroatsarethencutandtheyarebledtodeath.Ifworkersfailtokillapigwiththeknife,thepigiscardedontheconveyerbelttothenextstation,whereitmaybeboiledalive.
Poultry
Everyyearmorethan9.8billionchickens,turkeys,andducksareraisedandslaughteredforhumanconsumptionintheUnitedStates.Mostoftheseanimalsarechickens.
Crowdedandunabletoexpressnaturalbehavior,chickensoftenexcessivelypeckeachother.Insteadofprovidingadequatespaceforthechickens,farmershavethem"debeaked"—cuttingoffthesensitivetopportionofthebeakwithamechanicalblade.
Chickensraisedtobecomemeathavebeengeneticallyalteredtogrowabnormallylarge.Asaresult,manybroilerchickens'bonesareunabletosupporttheweightoftheirmuscletissue,causingthemtolimpinpainorbecometotallycrippled.
Attheslaughterhouse,chickensarehungupsidedownbythefeetandattachedtoamovingrailwhilestillconscious.Thebirdsmissedbythemechanicalneck-slicingbladeandboiledalivearecalled"redskins"bytheindustry.
Egg-layingChickens
Almostallofthemorethan400millionegg-layinghensintheUnitedStatesareconfinedto"battery”cages---tinyprisonsroughly16by18incheswide.Fiveorsixbirdsarecrammedintoeachcage,andthecagesarepiledintallrows.Theovercrowdingcausesseriousinjury,orevendeath.
Hensareforcedtoproduce10timestheamountofeggsthattheywouldproducenaturally.Wheneggproductionslowsdown,farmersuse"forcedmolting"toshockthehensintolosingtheirfeathersandprematurelystartinganewlayingcycle.This"forcedmolting"includesstarvinganddenyingwatertothehensforseveraldaysduringwhichmanyhensdie.Tokeephensfrompeckingeachother,farmers"debeak"thehens.Debeakingisapainfulprocedurewherebythehen'ssensitiveupperbeakisslicedoffwithahotblade.Malechicks—by-productsoflayinghenproduction—arethrownintoplasticbagstoslowlysuffocateoraregroundintoanimalfeedwhilestillalive.
DairyCows
Abouthalfofthe10milliondairycowsintheUnitedStatesarekeptinsometypeofconfinementsystem.
Dairycowsareforcedtoproduce10—20timestheamountofmilktheywouldnaturallyneedtosuckletheircalves.Thisintensiveproductionofmilkisextremelystressful.Asaresult,dairycattle"burnout"atamuchyoungeragethantheirnormallifespan.
Inordertocontinuetoproducemilk,acowmusthaveacalfeachyear.Calveswouldnormallystaywiththeirmothersforayearormore.However,onthedairyfarm,calvesareimmediatelyremovedfromtheirmotherssothatthemilkcanbesoldforhumanconsumption.Calvesaresoldtothebeeforvealindustry,orbecomereplacementsfor"burnedout"dairycows.
OtherFannedAnimals
Otheranimalsareusedinagricultureinlargenumbers:
Sheepareraisedforbothfoodandfiber.About3millionwereslaughteredtomakemeatintheU.S.in2004.Sheepalsosufferenormouslyinthewoolindustry.Lambsmayhavetheirtailschoppedoffandbecastrated(阉割)withoutanesthetic(麻醉药).InAustralia(fromwhere80percentofallwoolcomes)ranchersperformanoperationcalled"mulesing",wherelargestripsofskinarecarvedoffthebacksofanimals'legs.Thisprocedureisperformedtoproducescarredskinthatwon'tharborflylarvae(幼虫),sothattheranchercanspendlesstimecaringforthesheep.Theclippingofsheepatmostwoolranchescanbeabrutalprocedure,asworkersareencouragedtoclipasquicklyaspossible.Asaresult,anestimated1millionAustraliansheepdieeveryyearfromexposure.Sheepwhoarenolongerusefulfortheirwoolaresenttocrowdedfeedlotsandthentransportedtotheslaughterhouse.
GoatsarealsoincreasinglyexploitedintheU.S.toproducemilk,meat,andfiber.Morethan2milliongoatsarecurrentlyusedinmeatandmilkproduction,andmorethan600,000goatswereslaughteredin2004.
1.Thepurposeofthisarticleistodrawmoreandmoreconcernsaboutthepoorwelfareoffarmedanimals.
2.TheHumaneSlaughterActappliestoanimalslaughterdoneathomebutispoorlyimplemented.
3.The"28-hourlaw"isslightlyeffectiveinprotectingthewelfareoftransportedfarmedanimalsbutfollowstheinternationalcallsfortimelimitsofanimaltransportation.
4.Over40millioncattleandcalvesareinadequatelystunnedtodeathintheU.S.everyyear.
5.Attheslaughterhouseitmayhappenthatpigsareboiledaliveinthescaldingtankwhentheworkers____________________________.
6.Thechickens'beaksarealwayscutoffbyfannerssothattheycannot_______________.
7.Toincreaseeggproduction,farmersforcehenstobeginanewcycleofegg-layingaheadoftheirregularcyclebyusing_______________.
8.Dairycowslivemuchshorterthantheirnaturallifespandueto_________________.
西安交通大学考试题
9.Onthedairyfarmcalvesaretakenawayatonceaftertheirbirthsothattheirmothers'milkcanbesavedfor________________.
10.Inordertospendlesstimecaringforsheep,Australianrancherscutlargestripsofskinoffthebacksofsheep'slegsto______________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
11.[A]Nearanartgallery.[B]Infrontofalibrary.
[C]Atastoplight.[D]Outsideabookstore.
12.[A]Hehasmissedthreefourthsofhistwoclasses.
[B]Hecouldn’tattendhis
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