英语二考研真题及答案精校版.docx
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英语二考研真题及答案精校版.docx
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英语二考研真题及答案精校版
2013年考研英语
(二)真题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon“revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?
Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”—ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.
Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.
1.[A]Moreover
[B]However
[C]Therefore
[D]Otherwise
2.[A]off
[B]back
[C]over
[D]around
3.[A]power
[B]concept
[C]history
[D]role
4.[A]reverse
[B]resist
[C]resume
[D]reward
5.[A]silent
[B]sudden
[C]slow
[D]steady
6.[A]for
[B]against
[C]with
[D]on
7.[A]expensive
[B]imaginative
[C]sensitive
[D]productive
8.[A]similar
[B]original
[C]temporary
[D]dominant
9.[A]collect
[B]copy
[C]provide
[D]print
10.[A]giveup
[B]takeover
[C]bringback
[D]passdown
11.[A]before
[B]after
[C]since
[D]when
12.[A]kept
[B]borrowed
[C]withdrawn
[D]released
13.[A]Unless
[B]Because
[C]Until
[D]Though
14.[A]hide
[B]express
[C]ease
[D]raise
15.[A]analyzed
[B]shared
[C]stored
[D]displayed
16.[A]unsafe
[B]unnatural
[C]unclear
[D]uncommon
17.[A]steal
[B]choose
[C]benefit
[D]return
18.[A]consideration
[B]prevention
[C]manipulation
[D]justification
19.[A]callfor
[B]fightagainst
[C]adaptto
[D]copewith
20.[A]chunk
[B]chip
[C]trail
[D]path
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:
Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”
Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.
Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.
Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,U.S.factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”
Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.
Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.
21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______.
[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure
[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes
22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto_______.
[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary
[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]contributesomethingunique
23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat_______.
[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased
[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed
[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore
[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered
24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_______.
[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution[B]toadvanceeconomicglobalization
[C]toensuremoreeducationforpeople[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?
[A]NewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoesCheap
[C]AverageIsOver[D]RecessionIsBad
Text2
Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:
legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.
Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.
26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho_______.
[A]stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood
[C]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas
27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS_______.
[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants
[C]shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges[D]hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans
28.Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant_______.
[A]financialincentives[B]aglobalrecognition
[C]thefreedomtostayandleave[D]opportunitiestogetregularjobs
29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated_______.
[A]asfaithfulpartners[B]withlegaltolerance
[C]witheconomicfavors[D]asmightyrivals
30.Themostappropriatetitlefo
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