参考中考英语+阅读题型四+短文填词.docx
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参考中考英语+阅读题型四+短文填词.docx
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参考中考英语+阅读题型四+短文填词
参考-中考英语+阅读题型四+短文填词
01命题趋势考标导向化
1..命题特点
短文填词是一种新型的中考题型,在许多中考试卷中已经占有了一个重要的位置。
短文填词的特点与完形填空的特点差不多,即在一篇短文中留出8—15个空白,要求学生在正确理解和把握文章大意的基础上根据上、下文的逻辑关系来填写空缺单词,它是考查学生综合运用英语能力的一种有效方法,不仅能比较准确地考查学生的各项知识水平,而且也能培养和提高学生综合运用英语的能力。
2..考查形式
短文填词通常有三种考查形式:
一种是方框选词型,另一种是首字母提示型,第三种是无首字母提示型。
02题型解读题型归类化
◆类型Ⅰ方框选词补全短文型
【解题策略】
1..先对备选的间汇的词性作简单标记,如:
名词—n..,动词—v..,形容词—adj..,副词—adv..等。
同时对词义做初步的理解。
2..根据题意或通读全文,猜测空格中所缺的信息,注意发现固定搭配关系..根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
3..在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。
既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。
为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:
空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有“s”不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。
4..完成填词后,应通读全文,复核校对。
检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。
最后把答案填入答卷时,切勿错位。
【题组训练】
A(2014·河南)
usual,mistake,rest,hundred,what,make,although,under,they,think,fly,how
Everymorning,kidsfromahighschoolareworkinghard..Theyare1andsellingspecialcoffeeatacoffeeshop..Theyarealsomakingalotofmoney..
Thesestudentscanmakeuptonine2dollarsaday..Theyaresellingtheirspecialcoffeetoairplanepassengers..Afterthestudentsgetpaid,the3ofthemoneygoestoalocalyouthproject..
ThesehighschoolstudentsuseaspaceintheOaklandairport..Itis4verycrowded(拥挤的)..Manypeoplewho5ontheplanesliketodrinkthespecialcoffee..
Onecustomer(顾客)6thatthecoffeecostsalotbutitisgoodandworthit..Mostcustomersarepleasantbutsomeareunhappy..7donotlikeitifthecoffeeshopisnotopenforbusiness..
Thestudentsmake$6..10anhour..Theyalsogetschoolcredit(学分)whiletheylearn8torunabusiness..Manyofthestudentsenjoythework9ittooksometimetolearnhowtodoit..
1.._________2.._________3..__________4______
5.._________6.._________7..__________8..___________
9.._________10..___________
B(2014·兰州)
whenIhappya(n)leaveuselessforminutehowshout
Oneday,allfeelingswereonvacationonanisland,andeachwashaving1goodtime..Suddenly,there’sawarningofastrongstorm,soallrushedtotheirboats..Yet,Lovedidn’twishtorunawayquickly..Butasthecloudsdarkened,Loverealizeditwastime2..Buttherewerenoboatstouse..Lovelookedaroundwithhope..
JustthenRichnesswaspassingby..Loveasked,“Richness,canyoutakemewithyou?
”Richnessanswered,“No,Ican’t..There’salotofgoldinmyboat..There’snoplacehere3you..”
Sorrowpassedbyafterawhile..Again,Loveaskedforhelp..Butitwas4..“No,Ican’ttakeyouwithme..Iamsosad..Iwanttobeby5..”
WhenHappinesspassedbyafew6later,Loveagaincalledforhelp..ButHappinesswassohappythatitcouldn’tcareaboutanyoneelse..
Aftergettingofftheboat,LovemetKnowledge..Loveasked,“Knowledge,doyouknowwhowassokindtogivemealift9nooneelsewishedtohelp?
”
Knowledgesmiled,“ThatwasTime..”
“Time?
”askedLove..“ButwhydidTimehelpme?
”Knowledgesmiledandanswered,“BecauseonlyTimeisabletounderstand10valuableLoveis..”
1..__________2..__________3..__________4..___________
5..__________6..__________7..___________8..___________
9..__________10..___________
C(2014·山西)
I,that,thing,stand,anger,serious,who,find,near,support,danger,everywhere
IthadbeenwithmeasIworkedhard5myfamily,asIplayedwithmychildrenandIheardtheirlaughterandevenwhenIwas6illwithmywifeatmysidelookingafterme..IthadbeenwithmeasIracedtowardsthatstupidbanner..Ijustdidn’thavetheabilitytoseeit..
Thereisanoldsaying7goes,“Tensioniswhoyouthinkyoushouldbe..Relaxationiswhoyouare..”Perhapsweallshouldstopourracetowardstheperfectlifewethinkweshouldhave..Weshouldenjoythelifewehavenow..Happinesswillnever8undersomebannerfaraway..Youwillfinditinyourownheart,soulandmind..Youwillfinditwhenyourealizethatothersloveyoujustasyoudo..
1..__________2.._________3..__________4..__________
5..__________6.._________7..__________8..___________
9.._________10..__________
◆类型Ⅱ首字母提示填写单词补全短文型
【解题策略】
首字母短文填空重点考查了考生单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力,在考查词汇的同时也考查读与写的能力。
其主要策略为:
1..通读全文,把握句意。
只有文章意思清楚了,才能根据文义进行合理的判断,从而有可能突然产生“灵感”,将断层的信息比较准确地反映出来。
2..注意精读,反复琢磨。
做这类题,有时可根据固定用法判断,有时可通过上下文意思判断,遇到难词时,要根据其前后的句子反复推敲,再三琢磨该词在句中的作用,由此判断出该词的意思。
3..把握词义,填写准确。
准确指符合要求,即所填写的单词必须以规定字母开头,符合意思,即符合整篇文章的基调,更符合所在句子的含义,不可出现意义断层,说东到西;符合语法,指所填词形的变化,如名词是否要用单复数;形容词是否要用比较级,动词的时态、语态变化等。
4..复读全文,验证答案。
看所填单词是否为最佳单词,拼写是否准确无误,词形是否需要作必要的变化,短文是否前后连贯一致,情节发展是否合理,议论是否合乎逻辑等。
【题组训练】
A(2014·镇江)
Moreandmorefamiliesliketokeepdogsaspets..Butnotalldogownersthinkofotherswhiletheyarewalkingtheirdogs..Somanytownsandcitiesaroundtheworldf1amessofleft-behindfeces(粪便)fromdogs..
InFebruaryofthisyear,atowninFrancestartedanewp2toteachdogownersalesson..Theg3sentabout20volunteerstosearchthestreetscarefully,lookingforhumanswhowouldn’tcleanupaftertheirdogs..Thevolunteerswhoseemedtohavenoc4aimwouldthenmovenearertothepetowner,thenstartaconversationinordertogetthedog’sname..“W5thenameofthedoganditstype,wecane6discovertheownerfromtheregistered(登记)database(信息库)heldinthetownhall..”anofficere7..Thevolunteerswouldthenpickupthedogfecesandthepackagewouldbep8tothepetowner’shouse..Inthepastfewm9,thetownhasseena70%decrease(减少)intheamountofdogfecesleftonpublicstreets..
1.._________2.._________3..__________4..___________
5.._________6.._________7..__________8..___________
9.._________10.._______
B(2014·天津)
OnJuly2,1937,AmeliaEarhart(anAmericanpilot)andFredNoonanleftNewGuineaforHowlandIslandinthePacific..Thiswasthelongestandmostdangerouspartoftheirt1aroundtheworld..Earharthadtroublesoonaftertheplanetookoff..Theweatherwasverybad,soshehadtof2at3,000metres..Goingthishigh,theplaneusedfuelquickly..
Afterabout20h3,EarhartandNoonangotclosetoHowlandIsland..Theislandwaso4about65miles(英里)away,butthebrightsunwasshiningintheirfacessotheycouldn’tseeit..NearHowland,ashipwasw5fortheplane..Earhartcontactedtheship:
“Wedon’thaveenoughfuel..”shesaid..Theshiptriedtostayintouchwithherb6gotnoanswer..Finally,theshipcalledforhelp..PeoplelookedforEarhartandNoonanfordays..However,theyfoundnothing..
WhathappenedtoAmeliaEarhart?
Nooneknowsforsure..D7theflight,sheprobablymovedinthewrongdirection(方向)becausethesunwasbrightanditwasd8tosee..Soshegotlost;soonafter,herplaneranoutoffuel,andshediedatsea..Anotherideaisthatshesurvived(幸存)theplanecrash(飞机失事),s9toalonelyisland,andlaterdiedthere..StillothersthinkshesurvivedthecrashandsecretlyreturnedtotheU..S..withanewidentity(身份)..
Tillnow,noneofthesei10hasbeenproved..Peoplearestillwonderingaboutthem..(Noonan’sbodyhasneverbeenfoundeither..)Nomatterwhathappened,Earhartprobablydiedasshewished..“WhenIgo,”shesaid,“I’dlikebesttogoinmyplane..”
1..___________2..__________3..____________4..____________
5..___________6..__________7..____________8..____________
9..___________10..___________
C(2014·武汉)
MariaVasandandherdogwalkeddownthehallofthenursinghomeandstoppedinfrontoftheoldladywithanurseatherside..“Wouldsheliketos1mydog?
”Mariaasked..
“No,avisitwon’th2her..”saidthenurse..Thenshee3thattheladywastoosicktoappreciatevisitors..
ButMariadecidedtotryanyway..Shehaddoneresearchonanimalassistingtherapy(辅助疗法)fortenyears..Andshewasverysuccessfulinthisa4..She’dseenevensickestpatientsenjoyavisitfromalovelydog..
Aroundtheworldsickadultsandc9filllonelyhospitalrooms..Theymayhaveanillnessorneedtobec10for..Adog’sfriendlyeyesandwarmpaws(爪子)maybejustwhatthedoctororderedtoencouragethemandhelpthemheal(治愈)..
1.._________2.._________3..____________4..___________
5.._________6..__________7..___________8..___________
9..__________10.._________
参考答案:
阅读题型四短文填词
◆类型Ⅰ方框选词补全短文型
A)1..making2..hundred3..rest4..usually5..fly
6..thinks7..They8..how9..although10..mistakes
B)1..a2..toleave3..for4..useless5..myself6..minutes7..shouted8..happily9..when10..how
C)1..things2..dangerous3..nearer4..me5..tosupport
6..seriously7..that8..befound9..everywhere
10..havestood
◆类型Ⅱ首字母提示填写单词补全短文型
A)1..face2..plan/project3..government4..clear/certain5..With6..easily7..explained8..posted9..months
10..example
B)1..travel/tour/trip2..fly3..hours4..only5..waiting
6..but7..During8..difficult9..swam10..ideas
C)1..see2..help3..explained4..area5..reached
6..pleased7..watching8..alive9..children10..cared
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