英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及答案解析6英语六级答案.docx
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英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及答案解析6英语六级答案.docx
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英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及答案解析6英语六级答案
2021英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及答案解析(6)英语六级答案2021年6月
PassageTwo
Words:
1,103
HowOzonePollutionWorks
A)TheweatherreportontheradioorTVtellsyouthatitisgoingtobesunnyandhotandthatanorangeozonealerthasbeenissued.Whatisozone?
Whatdoesanorangealertmean?
Whyshouldyoubeconcernedaboutit?
Inthisarticle,wewille____aminewhatozoneis,howitisproduced,whathealthhazardsitposesandwhatyoucandotoreduceozonepollution. B)Ozoneisamoleculeofthreeo____ygenatomsboundtogether(O3).Itisunstableandhighlyreactive.Ozoneisusedasableach,adeodorizingagent,andasterilizationagentforairanddrinkingwater.Atlowconcentrations,itisto____ic.Ozoneisfoundnaturallyinsmallconcentrationsinthestratosphere,alayerofEarth’supperatmosphere.Inthisupperatmosphere,ozoneismadewhenultravioletlightfromthesunsplitsano____ygenmolecule(O2),formingtwosingleo____ygenatoms.Ifafreedatomcollideswithano____ygenmolecule,itbecomesozone.Stratosphericozonehasbeencalled“good”ozonebecauseitprotectstheEarth’ssurfacefromdangerousultravioletlight. C)Ozonecanalsobefoundinthetroposphere,thelowestlayeroftheatmosphere.Troposphericozone(oftentermed“bad”ozone)isman-made,aresultofairpollutionfrominternalcombustionenginesandpowerplants.Automobilee____haustandindustrialemissionsreleaseafamilyofnitrogeno____idegases(NO____)andvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC),by-productsofburninggasolineandcoal.NO____andVOCcombinechemicallywitho____ygentoformozoneduringsunny,high-temperatureconditionsoflatespring,summerandearlyfall.Highlevelsofozoneareusuallyformedintheheatoftheafternoonandearlyevening,dissipatingduringthecoolernights. D)Althoughozonepollutionisformedmainlyinurbanandsuburbanareas,itendsupinruralareasaswell,carriedbyprevailingwindsorresultingfromcarsandtrucksthattravelintoruralareas.Significantlevelsofozonepollutioncanbedetectedinruralareasasfaras250milesdownwindfromurbanindustrialzones. E)Youcanmakeozoneteststripstodetectandmonitorozonelevelsinyourownbackyardoraroundyourschool.Youwillneedcornstarch,filterpaper(coffeefiltersworkwell)andpotassiumiodide(canbeorderedfromascienceeducationsuppliersuchasCarolinaBiologicalSupplyorFisherScientific).Basically,youmakeapastefromwater,cornstarchandpotassium-iodide,andyoupaintthispasteonstripsoffilterpaper.Youthene____posethestripstotheairforeighthours.Ozoneintheairwillreactwiththepotassiumiodidetochangethecolorofthestrip.Youwillalsoneedtoknowtherelativehumidity,whichyoucangetfromanewspaper,weatherbroadcastorhomeweatherstation. F)Whenyouinhaleozone,ittravelsthroughoutyourrespiratorytract.Becauseozoneisverycorrosive,itdamagesthebronchiolesandalveoliinyourlungs,airsacsthatareimportantforgase____change.Repeatede____posuretoozonecaninflamelungtissuesandcauserespiratoryinfections. G)Ozonee____posurecanaggravatee____istingrespiratoryconditionssuchasasthma,reduceyourlungfunctionandcapacityfore____erciseandcausechestpainsandcoughing.Youngchildren,adultswhoareactiveoutdoorsandpeoplewithrespiratorydiseasesaremostsusceptibletothehighlevelsofozoneencounteredduringthesummer.Inadditiontoeffectsonhumans,thecorrosivenatureofozonecandamageplantsandtrees.Highlevelsofozonecandestroyagriculturalcropsandforestvegetation. H)Toprotectyourselffromozonee____posure,youshouldbeawareoftheAirQualityInde____(AQI)inyourareaeveryday—youcanusuallyfinditinthenewspaperoronamorningweatherforecastonTVorradio.YoushouldalsobefamiliarwiththeU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)guideforozone-alertvalues. I)WhatdothenumbersintheAQImean?
TheAQImeasuresconcentrationsoffiveairpollutants:
ozone,sulfurdio____ide,particulatematter,carbonmono____ideandnitrogendio____ide.TheEPAhaschosenthesepollutantsascriteriapollutants,butthesearenotallofthepollutantsintheair.Theseconcentrationsarecomparedtoastandardsetoutinfederallaw.Aninde____valueof100meansthatallofthecriteriapollutantsareatthema____imumlevelthatisconsideredsafeforthemajorityofthepopulation.Toreduceyoure____posuretoozone,youshouldavoide____ercisingduringafternoonandearlyeveninghoursinthesummer. J)Thereareseveralwaysyoucanhelptodecreaseozonepollution.Limitusingyourautomobileduringafternoonandearlyeveninghoursinthelatespring,summerandearlyfall.Donotusegasoline-poweredlawnequipmentduringthesetimes.Donotfuelyourcarduringthesetimes.Donotlightfiresoroutdoorgrillsduringthesetimes.Keeptheengineofyourcarorboattuned.Makesurethatyourtiresareproperlyinflated.Useenvironmentallysafepaints,cleaningandofficeproducts(someofthesechemicalsaresourcesofVOC). K)Besidespersonalattemptstoreduceozonepollution,theEPAhasinitiatedmorestringentair-qualitystandards(suchastheCleanAirActanditsmodifications)toreduceairpollution.Compliancewiththesestandardsbyindustries,manufacturersandstateandlocalgovernmentshassignificantlyreducedthelevelsofmanycommonairpollutants. L)Withcontinuedconservationandreductionpractices,adherencetoozone-pollutionwarnings,researchandgovernmentregulation,ozone-pollutionlevelsshould
continuetofall.Perhapsfuturegenerationswillnotbethreatenedbythisenvironmentalpollutant. M)Thethingthatdetermineswhetherozoneisgoodorbadisitslocation.Ozoneis‘‘good,,whenitisinthestratosphere.Thestratosphereisalayeroftheatmospherestartingatthelevelofabout6miles(about10kilometers)abovesealevel.Thestratospherenaturallycontainsaboutsi____partspermillionofozone,andthisozoneisverybeneficialbecauseitabsorbsUVradiationandpreventsitfromreachingus. N)Ozoneis“bad”whenitisatgroundlevel.Ozoneisaveryreactivegasthatishardonlungtissue.Italsodamagesplantsandbuildings.Anyozoneatgroundlevelisaproblem.Unfortunately,chemicalsincare____haustandchemicalsproducedbysomeindustriesreactwithlighttoproducelotsofozoneatgroundlevel.Incities,theozonelevelcanrisetoapointwhereitbecomeshazardoustoourhealth.That’swhenyouhearaboutanozonewarningonthenews. 1.Whenultravioletraysfromthesunseparateano____ygenmoleculeintotwosingleo____ygenatomsinthestratosphere,thecombinationofasingleo____ygenatomandano____ygenmoleculeformsozone. 2.Youcanmakeozoneteststripsbyyourselftofindoutaboutozonelevelsinyourownlocale. 3.Long-timee____posuretoozoneisbadlyharmfultoourrespiratorysystem. 4.Chemicalsinindustrialwastegasandvehiclee____haustreactwithlighttoformlotsofozoneatgroundlevel. 5.Internalcombustionenginesandpowerplantscausetheartificialtroposphericozone,alsoknownas“bad”ozone. 6.OzoneisveryhelpfulbecauseitabsorbsUVradiationandseparatesusfromit. 7.Usinggasoline-poweredlawnequipmentinthelatespring,summerandearlyfallmayincreaseozonepollution. 8.Ozonepollutionoccursinurbanandsuburbanareasaswellasinruralareas. 9.Inordertodecreaseozonepollution,theEPAhassetupmorerigorousair-qualitystandards. 10.PaycloseattentiontotheAirQualityInde____inyourareaeverydaycankeepyouawayfromozonee____posure. 文章精要
文章主要介绍了什么是臭氧,臭氧污染的形成、危害,以及臭氧有利的一面。
文章还具体介绍了如何自己手工制作检测仪;如何避免暴露在臭氧之下;如何预防和减少臭氧污染等。
答案解析
1.B本题答案的信息来自B段的倒数第二、三句话。
原文中提到太阳紫外线将氧分子分成了两个单独的氧原子,氧原子与氧分子再结合就生成了臭氧。
题干正好表达了这个意思。
ultravioletrays即是原文中的ultravioletlight。
2.E本题答案的信息来自E段第一句话。
题目中的findoutabout意为“弄清有关的情况”,和原文中的detectandmonitor含义相对应;
题目中的inyourownlocale和原文中的inyourownbackyard相对应。
3.F本题答案的信息来自F段。
F段提到人吸入臭氧后,它可以贯穿你的呼吸系统。
接着提到它可能损害细支气管、肺部等呼吸系统的部位,故可知长期暴露在臭氧下有损呼吸系统。
4.N本题答案的信息来自N段第五句话,题干是对本句的同义转述。
5.C本题答案的信息来自C段的第二句话。
原句中先说“果”后说“因”,
题目将
“因”提前,然后说“果”;原文中的man-made与题干中的artificial相对应;原文中的termed与题干中的knownas相对应。
6.M本题答案的信息来自M段第二句和最后一句话。
原文中第二句话首先提到
Ozoneis“good”whenitisinthestratosphere.,在最后一句中提到臭氧为什么有益;原文中的beneficial与题干中的helpfUl相对应;
题目中的separatesfrom对应原文中的preventsfrom。
7.J本题答案的信息来自J段第一、二、三句话。
原文中J段的首句提到有几种可以降低臭氧污染的方法,接下来提到的一种方法是Donotusegasoline-poweredlawnequipmentduringthesetimes.由此推测Usinggasoline-poweredlawnequipment会导致臭氧污染增加;而由第二句话可推测出原文中的duringthesetimes指的是inthelatespring,summerandearlyfall。
8.D本题答案的信息来自D段第一句话。
原文提到臭氧污染主要在城市和城市郊区出现,但因为风和汽车、卡车运输的作用,农村也会发生臭氧污染,题干是对此的归纳。
9.K本题答案的信息来自K段第一句话。
原文中的initiated和
题目中的setup属于同义转换;原文中的stringent替换为了rigorous;原文中的reduceozonepollution替换为了decreaseozonepollution。
10.H本题答案的信息来自H段第一句话。
题目中的keepyouawayfrom对应原文的protectyourselffrom;
题目中的Paycloseattentionto对应原文的shouldbeawareof。
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