英语专业八级写作指导forstudents.docx
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英语专业八级写作指导forstudents.docx
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英语专业八级写作指导forstudents
英语专业八级写作指导(forstudents)
Writing
Directions:
“Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks”.英语专八作文评分标准
评价一篇八级作文的得分多少,大致可以参照以下四个标准来确
定:
内容(content)、组织(organization)、语法(grammar)和得体性(appropriateness).这四个标准中,前两个标准是关于内容结构的,属于谋篇布局部分,后两个是关于语言的,属于表达部分。
在八级考试的作文评阅中,一般将作文分为五个等级:
第五级:
化秀作文(effectivemunicationwithaccuracies)这样的作丈观点清楚,结构合理,内容充实,语言运用得体,基本没有语言错误.得分在18-20分。
第四级:
良好作文(goodmunicationwithfewinaccuracies)这样的作文观点明确,结构合理,内容充实,语言运用较得体,稍有语言错误。
得分在15-17分。
第三级:
尚可作文(passablemunicationwithsomeinaccuracies)这样的作文观点明确,结构完整,内容尚可,语言运
用的得体性一般,语言错误不少,影响到作文的理解.得分在14-12分。
第二级:
问题作文(problematicmunicationwithfrequentinaccuracies)这样的作丈观点不甚明确,结构不完整,内容匮乏,语言得体性较差,语言错误较多,影响到作文的理解.得分在11-9分。
第一级:
失败作文(almostnomunication)这样的作丈基本没有达到写作要求,几乎无结构和内容可言,通篇充斥语言错误,无语言得体性可言,作文难以理解.得分在8-6分或以下。
全球化globalization
高科技产品high-techproducts
盗版piratedproducts
可持续发展sustainabledevelopment
素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopment
quality-orientededucation
学生减负toreducestudyload
上网getonline/surfthenet
网民netizen(netcitizen)
加入China’sentryintoWTO
申办奥运会bidfortheOlympicGames
小康relativelyfortablelivingstandard
安居工程housingprojectforlow-eurbanresidents
再就业工程reemploymentproject
假冒伪劣商品fakemodities
腐败现象corruptionphenomenon
信息化information-based;informationization下岗职工laid-offworkers
资源枯竭resourcesexhaustion
环保意识environmentalawareness
美容手术cosmeticsurgery
如要表示“我认为”,不要仅依靠Ithink:
IbelieveIsupposeImaintainIclaimIargueI’mconvincedthat,I’moftheopinionthat,Iholdtheviewthat
Asforme,AsfarasI’mconcerned,AsfarasIcansee,如要表示“重要的”,不要仅依靠important:
significant,vital,essential,crucial,beofgreatimportance,figureprominently/largelyItis。
thatcounts.
playakeyrole,shouldbetakenseriously,attachgreatimportanceto
如要表示“关于”,不要仅依靠about:
concerning,regarding,asregards,asto,withregardto
withreferenceto,relevantto,relatedto,involve,haveconnectionwith,havesomethingtodowith如要表示“说明”,不要仅依靠show:
indicate,reveal,demonstrate,convey,suggest,illustrate如要表示“使”,不要仅依靠make:
a.Thissocietystillmakeswomenunabletoenjoyequalrights.
b.Womenarestilldeniedequalrights.
a.Theincidentmademerecalloneofmypastexperiences.
b.Theincidentremindedmeofoneofmypastexperiences.
如要表达“越来越”,不要只使用moreandmore:
a.MoreandmorestudentsfindlearningEnglishhasemoreandmoredifficult.
b.Studentsingrowingnumbersfindlearninghaseincreasinglydifficult.
a.Moreandmoreteenagerssmokecigarettesinrecentyears.
b.Teenagesmokingisontheriseinrecentyears.
a.Moreandmoreteachersaredemandedwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.
b.Thereisanincreasingdemandforteacherswiththedevelopmentofeconomy.
如要表达“大多数”,不要一味使用most:
a.Moststudentstakepart-timejobafterclass.
b.Thevastmajorityofstudentstakeapart-timejobafterclass.
a.Mostpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.
b.Theconsiderableproportionofpeopletakespartinsportofdifferentkinds.
a.Mostcollegestudentstakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.
b.Thelargepercentageofcollegepopulationtakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking
如要表达“不仅,而且”,不要只使用notonlybutalso:
a.Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingarenotonly
socialbutalsopsychological.
b.Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingarepsychologicalaswellassocial.
a.Takingapart-timejobcannotonlyearnalittlemoney,butalsohaveanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.
b.Takingapart-timejobmeansmorethanalittlemoneyyoucanearn.Italsomeansanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.
a.Oldpeoplegotoparknotonlytodoexercisebutalsotomakefriends.
b.Oldpeoplegotoparkasmuchforpanionshipasforexercise.
不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头(受汉语表达习惯的影响,不少考生总喜欢以I,People,We等开头),a.Manypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryin
China.
b.Itiswidely(monly,generally)
thought/believed/held/acceptedthatbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.
a.Moreandmorepeopleagree(realize/areaware)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.
b.Thereisagrowingagreement(realization/awareness)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.
a.ManyChinesepeoplehavegonetotheUnitedStatesinthepast15years.
b.Thepast15yearshavebroughtmanyChinesepeopletoUnitedStates.
a.Wealmostforgetthisevent.
b.Thiseventisnowalmostfadingfromourmemory.
a.Studentsshouldcertainlymakecontinuousefforts.b.Continuouseffortsonthepartofstudentsarecertainlyrequired.
a.Weeasilydrewtheconclusionthroughthe
investigation.
b.Theinvestigationeasilyledustotheconclusion.不要千篇一律的使用主动态(英语中被动结构的使用频率远高于汉语),
a)WearemakinggreateffortstoimproveourEnglish.b)GreateffortsarebeingmadetoimproveourEnglish.
a)Weknowverylittleaboutthenatureofhumanbeings.b)Littleisknownaboutthenatureofhumanbeings.
a)Becauseofsocialdemands,thereappearmanyeveningschools.
b)Manyeveningschoolsarecalledintoexistencebysocialdemands.
Socialdemandsgiverisetotheemergenceofmanyeveningschools.
a)Wemaythinkmoreoftheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.
b)Morethoughtmaybegiventotheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.
不要总是用if(如果),because(因为),when(当)等口语意味较重的句子,要注意使用书面语体的句子,
a)Ifyouparebicycleswithcarscarefully,youwillfindbicyclesaresuperiortocars.
b)Carefulparisonofbicycleswithcarswillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelatter.
a)Ifweonlyapplybookknowledge,wewillnotgetgoodresults.
b)Theapplicationofbookknowledgealonewon’tbringyougoodresults.
a)Ifwecanbetterunderstandthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowth,wewillhaveacorrectattitudetowardsfamilyplanning.
b)Abetterunderstandingofthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowthisessentialtoacorrectattitudetowardsfamilyplanning.
a)Whenawomanseesthatsheisgoingtobelaidoff,shebeginstoworryalldayandnight.
b)Themereprospectoflay-offwouldsetawomantoworryalldayandnight.
a.Whenourteacherhadleft,theheateddiscussionthenended
b.Thedepartureofourteacherbroughttheheateddiscussiontoanend.
a)Onlywhenwemakecontinuousefforts,canweseizeanopportunitywhenitoccurs.
b)Continuouseffortsmustbemadebeforeitispossibleforustoseizeanopportunitywhenitoccurs.
a)Becausewecannotapplybookknowledgetopractice,wecannothandlerealproblemsinsociety.
b)Theinabilitytoapplybookknowledgetopracticepreventsusfromhandlingrealproblemsinsociety.
a)Becausethedecisionrecognizestherightofstudents,sotheyalleit.
b)Studentsallethedecisionwhichrecognizestheirrights.
不要对动词过分依赖;要学会用名词结构来表达意思.
a)Thestyleoflivinghasemoreandmorepopularandacceptedbymoreandmoreyoungpeople.
b)Thestyleoflivinghasfounditsgrowingpopularityandacceptanceamongyoungpeople.
a)Itistimeforustoreviseeducationalsystemandthenprovideittooursociety.
b)Itistimeforustoprovideoursocietyarevisededucationalsystem.
a)IfwearewatchingtoomuchTV,ourreadingabilitywillbeseriouslyaffected.
b)HeavyexposuretoTVwillexertanegativeeffectonourreadingability.
a)Ifwedon’trecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulation,wewillmakeabigmistake.
b)Failuretorecognizetheseriousnessofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.
不要总是用肯定句来表达,要学会用否定句来表达肯定的意思
a)Everyyoungboyandgirlwantstoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.
b)Thereishardlyayoungboyandgirlwhodoesn’twanttoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.
a)Wheneveryoupickupanewspaper,youwillalwaysfindadvertisements.
b)Itisimpossibletopickupanewspaperwithoutfindingadvertisements.
a)Gatheringaroundandlisteningtomotherorfatherreadagoodstoryisthebestpastimestobringafamilyclosertogether.
b)Fewpastimesbringafamilyclosertogetherthangatheringaroundandlisteningtomotherorfatherreadagoodstory.
a)Foodisthemostbasicissuetoindividualandnationalsurvival.
b)Noissueisasbasictoindividualandnationalsurvivalas
food.
恰当的使用排比、平行句
Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine.
a.Iaminfavorofequalrightsforwomen.Ithinkwomenshouldespeciallyhavetherighttopetewithmenforjobsonequalterms.Theyshouldgetthesamepayasmenforthesamejob.Theyshouldalsohaveequalopportunitiesforpromotion.
b.Iaminfavorofequalrightforwomen,especiallytherighttopetewithmenforjobsonequalterms,therighttogetthesamepayasmenforthesamejob,andtherighttoequalopportunitiesforpromotion.
a.Thenationwidecontroversyoverthecurrentreformswilltestthecourageofourpeople.Throughthecontroversywecanalsoseethedeterminationofourgovernment.
b.Thenationwidecontroversyoverthecurrentreformswilltestthecourageofourpeopleandthedeterminationofourgovernment.
a.ForthefirsttimeinhistoryChinesecitizensheldsuchpowerintheirownhands.Inthepasttheyhaveneverbeenallowedsuchvigorousandunrestraineddebateonpolitics.
b.NeverbeforeinhistoryhaveChinesecitizensheldsuchpowerintheirownhands.Neverbeforeinhistoryhavetheybeenallowedsuchvigorousandunrestraineddebateonpolitics.
建议:
一定要背会一些常见句型,以减少语法错误。
考生要在短短40分钟内写出200词的作文,如果考前不做准备,考试中紧张,自然写出的作文枯燥无味,还多语法错,而如果考生已经背了一部分固定的语句,临场再加进与内容相关的一部分,就胜券在握了。
1.Thereisnodenyingthat毋庸置疑
2.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat普遍认为
3.Itgoeswitho
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