非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词
关键知识梳理
分析下面的例句,注意划线部分:
•从时间概念上看:
不定式表示将来概念;现在分词表示进行;现在分词的完成式表示完成;过去分词表示被动和完成。
•从非谓语动词与相应的逻辑主语的关系来看:
若二者为主动关系,则用主动式;若为被动关系则用被动式。
主语、表语从句
分析下面的例句:
1.Tobecomeagoodteacherwasmyhope.
2.Thedutiesofapostmanaretodeliverlettersandnewspapers.
3.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
4.Seeingisbelieving.(=Toseeistobelieve.)
易混辨析:
在“Itisnouse/nogood/awasteoftime”结构中做主语,多用v-ing形式。
例句:
1.It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.
2.It’sanhonor(forme)tobegivensuchanopportunity.
3.Beinggivensuchachanceisanhonor.
即时检验:
1.(浙江)Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter____silent.
A.RemainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain
2.(上海)____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.
A.ExposedB.Havingexposed
C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed
宾语
1.动词不定式作宾语
常用的动词有:
agree,afford,arrange,attempt,care,demand,guarantee,hesitate,seek,tend,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,volunteer,determine,wish等。
2.谓语动词+疑问词+不定式
常见的动词有:
ask,decide,discuss,explain,findout,know,learn,tell,wonder等。
3.V-ing作宾语
常用的动词有:
admit,excuse,postpone,fancy,practice,appreciate,finish,avoid,propose,consider,delay,imagine,deny,permit,resist,risk,save,miss,suggest,enjoy,escape等。
常用的短词有:
lookforwardto,devote...to,getusedto,beaccustomedto,stickto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto
4.介词宾语。
如:
Byreviewingtheold,youcanlearnsomethingnew.
易混辨析:
1.想着锁好门。
Remembertolockthedoor.
Don’tforgettolockthedoor.
2.我记不起有谁给了我这样一本书。
Ican’trememberhavingeverbeengivensuchabook.
Ican’trememberbeinggivensuchabook.
在动词need,require,want,deserve后用v-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。
相当于不定式的被动结构。
Thewatchneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.
=Thewatchneeds/wants/requirestoberepaired.
beworth结构用doing表示被动意义。
Thisbookisworthreading.
=Thisbookisworthytoberead.=Thisbookisworthyofbeingread.
即时检验:
1.(安徽)Iremembered___thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.Iremembered___thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.
A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked
2.(北京)Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.
A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting
宾语
1.不定式作宾补
常用动词有:
advise,command,allow,encourage,instruct,intend,beg,expect,forbid,remind,urge,order,request,permit,teach,persuade等。
2.有些动词如:
advise,allow,consider,forbid,permit等,后面直接跟动名词作宾语,如果已有宾语则接不定式作宾补。
3.have,get,make,let等使役动词后接宾语
例句:
•Thebossmadehisworkerswork12hoursaday.
•Don’tletoneminorsetbackdefeatyou.
•Heusuallygothissecretarytoposthislettersforhim.
•Thecoachhadhisplayersrunningallmorning.
•I’llgettheworkdoneimmediately.
•Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstood.
4.see,hear,feel等感官动词后接宾语补足语
例句:
•ItwasatthepartythatIheardhimsingthissongforthefirsttime.
•IheardthemquarrelingwhenIpassedbytheoffice.
•Ashecamecloser,wenoticedhissunglassesbroken.
•What’sthesmell?
Doyousmellsomethingburning?
5.with复合结构中宾语补足语
例句:
•Themanagerwalkedaroundtheworkshopwithsomeofhisstaff__________(follow).
•JackreceivedaninvitationJackreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_________(finish)hegladlyaccepted.
•Withalotofdifficultproblems________(settle),thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.
即时检验:
1.(四川)Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar____.
A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash
2.(辽宁)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog____.
A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows
定语
分词作定语
1.表示感觉或情绪的动词,通常情况下其分词ing形式意为“令人……的”,分词ed形式意为“感到……”;
2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思,而表示完成。
例句:
Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.
常用的有:
fallen,faded,retired,risen,developed等。
不定式作定语要点梳理
1.不定式在thelast,theonl序数词或形容词最高级所修饰的名词后面作定语。
例句:
Heisalwaysthelast(one)toleave.
2.与所修饰名词为动宾关系时,如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,后加介词。
例句:
I’mnotsurewhichrestauranttoeatat.
Thepoorguyhasnoplacetolive(in).
3.不定式常用来修饰抽象名词time,way,idea,chance,ability,attempt,decision,desire,failure,need,plan,promise,effort等。
例句:
DoyouhavetheabilitytowriteinEnglish?
易混辨析:
•非谓语动词作定语的时态概念:
不定式与分词都可作定语;不定式作定语表示将来的动作;现在分词作定语指正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语指过去的动作。
例句:
•Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisofgreatimportance.
•Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.
•Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowisofgreatimportance.
即时检验:
1.(重庆)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.
A.tobemadeB.beingmade
C.madeD.havingbeenmade
2.(湖南)Thelecture,_____at7:
00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.
A.startingB.beingstarting
C.tostartD.tobestarted
状语
不定式作状语
1.原因状语
常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词有:
happy,astonished,glad,amazed,surprised,overjoyed等。
only/alltoo+adj./adv.+todo意为“非常…”。
例句:
Iwasonlytoohappytomeetwithmyoldfriends.
2.目的状语:
inorderto;soasto(不放在句首)
例句:
Itookdownhisnumberinorder/soasnottoforgetit.
3.结果状语
1.adj./adv.+enough+todo意为“足以……”。
2.only(just)todo意为“令人失望的,不快的结果”。
3.so+adj./adv.+asto意为“如此……以致于”。
例句:
•I’mtootiredtowalkhome.
•Theboyisoldenoughtojointhearmy.
•Wouldyoubesokindastoopenthedoorforme?
•Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadalreadyleft.
分词作状语
分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。
通常可转换成相应的状语从句。
例句:
(When)Hearingtheknockonthedoor(=Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor),theystoppedtalking.
不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
做题时在确定分词的逻辑主语就是主句主语后,再判断主、被动关系。
分词作状语难点
分词的时态:
一般式还是完成式;
现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,由“having+过去分词”构成,用来强调逻辑上的先后顺序。
例句:
•Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.
•Nothavingmadeadequatepreparations,wepostponedthesportsmeet.
•Havingbeenkeptinprisonformanyyears,hewentmad.
即时检验:
1.(江苏)______animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.
A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase
2.(辽宁)Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.
A.operatingB.tobeoperating
C.operatedD.tooperate
3.(天津)Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,______thebreakfastuntouched.
A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft
4.(山东)Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.
A.tobetoldB.telling
C.beingtoldD.told
5.(福建)Pressedfromhisparents,and____thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.
A.realizingB.realized
C.torealizeD.beingrealized
6.(重庆)____toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.
A.HavingbeenaskedB.Toask
C.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked
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- 谓语 动词