上外杯初赛试题v2.docx
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上外杯初赛试题v2.docx
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上外杯初赛试题v2
2016年“上外杯”上海市高中英语竞赛
学校_____________________姓名__________________________准考证号_________________________________
初赛试题
考生注意:
一、本卷共10页、77小题,满分100分。
答卷时间90分钟。
二、本卷所有题目均为选择题,请将所选答案用2B铅笔点涂在答题卡上。
I.Grammar(15分)
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
(A)
NowhereinItaly____1____acrisismorebeautifullyframedthaninVenice.Neitherlandnorwater,thecityliftslikeamiragefromalagoonattheheadoftheAdriatic.Forcenturiesithasthreatenedtovanish____2____thewavesoftheacquaalta,therelentlesslyregularfloodingcausedbyrisingtidesandsinkingfoundations.But____3____istheleastofitsproblems.
JustaskMayorMassimoCacciari,professorofphilosophy,fluentinGerman,Latin,AncientGreek.AskabouttheacquaaltaandVenice____4____,andhesays,“Sogogetboots.”
Bootsarefineforwater,butuselessagainsttheflood____5____causesmoreconcernforVenetiansthananylagoonspillover:
thefloodoftourism.NumberofVenetianresidentsin2007:
60,000.Numberofvisitorsin2007:
21million.
1.A.isB.hasC.thereisD.isthere
2.A.aboveB.beneathC.overD.in
3.A.thatB.itC.thisD.here
4.A.sunkB.beingsunkC.sinkingD.sinks
5.A.whatB.thatC.itD./
(B)
Ittookhumansthousandsofyearstoexploreourownplanet,andcenturies____6____(comprehend)ourneighboringplanets.Nowadays,newworlds____7____everyweek.
Todate,astronomershaveidentifiedmorethan370“exoplanets”—worldsorbitingstarsotherthanthesun.Thereisa“hotSaturn”260light-yearsfromEarththat____8____itsparentssorapidlythatayeartherelastslessthanthreedays.Circlinganotherstar150light-yearsoutisascorched“hotJupiter,”____9____upperatmosphereisbeingblastedofftoformagiganticcomet-liketail.Astronomershavefoundthreeplanetsorbitingapulsar—theremainsofaoncemightystar____10____intoaspinningatomicnucleusthesizeofacity.Someworldshaveevidentlyfallenintotheirsuns.Others____11____outoftheirsystemstobecome“floaters”thatwanderineternaldarkness.
Amongallthese,scientistsareeagertofindahintofthefamiliar:
planetsresemblingEarth.Thatis,planetsorbitingtheirstarsatjusttherightdistance—neithertoohotnortoocold—____12____lifeasweknowit.Wehavenotyetfoundplanetsthatarequitelikeourown,presumably____13____they’reinconspicuous.____14____aplanetassmallandslimasoursamidtheglareofitsstarisliketryingtoseeafireflyinafirworksdisplay.Yetbypushingtechnologytothelimits,astronomersarerapidlyapproachingtheday____15____theycanfindanotherEarth.Andwhentheydo,theycaninvestigateitforsignsoflife.
6.A.comprehendB.comprehendsC.tocomprehendD.comprehending
7.A.arediscoveredB.arebeingdiscovered
C.willbediscoveredD.aretobediscovered
8.A.orbitB.orbitingC.orbitsD.hasorbited
9.A.whereB.whoseC.inwhichD.which
10.A.shrinkB.shrinksC.shrinkingD.shrunk
11.A.havethrownB.arethrowingC.havebeenthrownD.arebeingthrown
12.A.supportB.supportingC.thatsupportD.tosupport
13.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.as
14.A.ToseeB.SeeC.SeeingD.havingseen
15.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich
II.Vocabulary(10分)
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.mimicB.triggeringC.groomedD.incorporate
AB.counterpartAC.outputAD.rocketCD.twin
BC.coverageBD.chewsupABC.crystallize
Allcompetitiveskiandsnowboardingeventsnowtakeplacelargelyonman-madesnow.Unlikeitsnatural____16____,themachine-madewhitestuffcanbecarefullytweakedtomakeamoredurableandconsistentsurface:
oneperfectforrecord-breakingattempts.Snow-makingequipmentisviewedasessentialinmostskiareastoguarantee____17____throughouttheseasons.
Thesnow“cannons”or“guns”thatmanufacturesnow____18____thenaturalformationofsnowflakes.Snowmachinestypicallyforcepressurizedwaterthroughanozzle(喷嘴),breakingintoamistoftinydroplets,andthenusecompressedairorfanstoblastthemintotheair.Asthedropletscool,themoleculeslineand____19____intoiceparticles.Thearttosnow-makingisadjustingthewaterandairtoensurethatthewaterdropsaresmallenoughandsentfarenoughsothattheywillfreezebeforetheyhittheground.Iftheairtemperatureisquitehigh,forexample,drippingthewatercontentanduppingtheairwouldcreatesmallerparticlesthataremorelikelytofreeze.Snow-makingmachinesalsofrequently____20____nucleatingagents(成核剂)inthewater:
smallquantitiesofmaterialssuchasbacterialprotein,ontowhichthewatermoleculesattachandfreeze.By____21____freezing,theseagentsraisethetemperatureatwhichsnowcanbemade.
Manyresortsnowusesophisticatedcomputersystemsthatautomaticallyadjusttheairandwater____22____fromsnowmachinesbasedonairtemperature,humidityandwind.Forracecourses,expertsadjustman-madesnowtocreateatough,fastandicycourseratherthanapowderyone.Askicourseisalsoheavily____23____andoftenintentionallyfloodedtocreatepatchesofice;thesefactorsgenerallydeterminethespeedofarace.
Thereareotherreasonsforsnowmanufacturingtobeindemand,beyondthebenefitsofhavingasnowwhosepropertiescanbeorderedup.Somepredictthattheneedforsnowwill____24____withthewarmingeffectsofclimatechange,whicharealreadypushingsnowlinesuptheAlps.Butthiscomeswithenvironmentalcost.Makingsnow____25____energyandwater,andcanrobriversandcreeksinthesurroundingecosystems.Onewaytoconservethemountainenvironmentwouldbetoreusewintersportscompetitionfacilitiesratherthanbuildingnewones.
III.Cloze(25分)
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
(A)
WhenyouwalkonthestreetsofcitieslikeNewYorkandWashington,D.C.,it’shardtomissthesculptures.Manymarkparksandneighborhoods.Historicfiguresoftencanbeseenstandingupright.Ortheycanbeseensittingontheirhorses,stoicallystrikingapose.Moreoftenthannot,thesestatueshaveanotherthingincommon.It’stheir____26____.ThemajorityofpublicstatuesintheUnitedStatesareofmen.
Oftheestimated5,193publicstatuesdepictinghistoricfiguresondisplaythroughouttheU.S.,only394areof____27____.Thisisaccordingtoastorywrittenin2011byTheWashingtonPost’sCariShane.Compoundingthisnumber,noneofthe44memorialsmaintainedbytheNationalParksService,liketheLincolnMemorialortheJeffersonMemorial,specifically____28____women.
Agroupislookingtochangethis____29____.Thegroupiscalled WhereAreTheWomen?
Recently,itsuccessfullycampaignedtohavestatuesofwomen’srightspioneersSusanB.AnthonyandElizabethCadyStantonaddedtoNewYork’sCentralPark.Thepark,____30____,hadnostatuesofnon-fictionalwomenonitsgrounds.
The____31____ofwomen’srepresentationposesaproblem.Leavingtheirstoriesoutfrompublicart____32____thesignificantrolesthatwomenhaveplayedinhistory.
Currently,fewofthestatuesthatdoshowwomenoncitystreetsare____33____historicfigures.Instead,womenoftenappearasarchetypes.Theyaresymbolsofabstractconcepts.Ortheyarenamelessfiguresinamemorial.
Onecampaignisn’tenoughtosolveongoingissuesofgenderdiscriminationand____34____intheU.S.Butbypressingtohonorrealwomenfromhistory,citiescanrestorethemtoastorythathas____35____themforsolong.Afterall,asitstandsnow,onlyfivepublicstatuesofhistoricwomenremaininNewYorkCity.ThestatuesareofJoanofArc,GoldaMeir,GertrudeStein,EleanorRooseveltandHarrietTubman.
26.A.styleB.materialC.sizeD.gender
27.A.menB.womenC.leadersD.politician
28.A.contributestoB.devotestoC.focusesonD.dependson
29.A.ratioB.unfairnessC.prejudiceD.reality
30.A.particularlyB.notoriouslyC.deliberatelyD.exclusively
31.A.existenceB.ignoranceC.lackD.absence
32.A.hidesawayB.takesawayC.putsawayD.clearaway
33.A.modeledonB.basedonC.developedfromD.derivedfrom
34.A.povertyB.biasC.inequalityD.gap
35.A.shadowedB.fakedC.concealedD.ignored
(B)
Supposethat54.3percentofyourcountry’spopulationhadcancer.Thatfiguremightsetoffanationwide____36____—asearchforsomethingwrongwithpeople’sdiet,theenvironment,aciditylevels.Infact,that’sthepercentageofAmericanswhoshowapositiveskinresponsetooneormoreallergens.
The____37____ofallergy—sneezing,itching,rashes—aresignsofanimmunesystemrunningamok,attackingforeigninvaders—allergens—thatmeannoharm.Allergies____38____kill.Theyjustmakethesufferermiserable—sometimesforbriefperiods,andsometimesforlife.
Allergiesareessentiallyanepidemicofmodernity.Ascountriesbecomemoreindustrialized,thepercentageofpopulationaffectedbythemtendstogrowhigher.ThereareremoteareasofSouthAmericaorAfricawhereallergiesarevirtually____39____.
Here’showanallergydevelops:
Oneday,abodyisexposedtoaproteininsomethingthatseemsperfectly____40____—thewheatflour,say,inahome-bakedmuffin.Butforsomeunclearreason,thebodylooksattheproteinandseestrouble.Therewillben
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