英语部分专项练习六.docx
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英语部分专项练习六.docx
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英语部分专项练习六
银行校园招聘考试英语部分专项练习(六)
PartIReadingComprehension
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Passage1
Thegreatbulkofexpertopinionisthatowingagununderminesratherthanincreasessafety:
thefunctionofdiscouragingburglarsorothercriminalsismorethanoffsetbyotherfactors.Firstcomethesuicides:
in1986,18,153peopleshotthemselvestodeath.Nooneonknowshowmanymighthavelivediftheyhadbeenunabletopickupagunandhowmanymighthavemerelychosenothermeanstoendtheirlives.Butsurelythepresenceofaloadedguninabureaudrawermusthavetemptedmany,particularteens,toyieldtoablackdepressionthatmighthaveliftedhadthemeanstocarryoutthedarkwishnotbeensoreadilyavailable.
Thencometheaccidentalshootings,manybyfoolishguyswhoneverbothertolearnhowtohandletheirweapons.Moreheartbreakingarethefrequentincidentsofchildrenpickinguptheirparents’gunsandfindingoutinthemostdisastrouswaythattheyarenottoys;forexample,aneight-year-oldboywhoshothissix-year-oldsisterdeadlastweekinFairfax.Thentherearethequarrelsbetweenspouses,betweenparentsandtheirchildren,betweenneighborsandfriendsthatsuddenlyturnfatalbecauseoneorbothcanpickupagun.Policecommonlyestimatethatifahouseholdguniseverusedatall,itissixtimesaslikelytobefiredatamemberofthefamilyorafriendasatanintruder.(Itisevenmorelikely,saysDr.CarlBell,aChicagopsychiatrist,thatthegunwillbestolen;gunareprimetargetsforburglarsbecausetheycanbeeasilyandprofitablysoldtoothercriminals.)Andfinally,intherelativelyrareshoot-outsbetweenhouseholdersandburglarsthatdooccur,itmighteasilybetheburglarwhoprovesmoreskilledinhandlinghisgunsandthehouseholderwhowindsupinmorgue(停尸房).
Addingalltypesofdeathstogether,MercyandHouk,researchersfromtheAtlanta-basedCentersforDiseaseControl,pointoutthat“duringthelasttwoyears,thenumberofpeoplewhodiedofinjuriesinflictedbyfirearmsintheUnitedStatesexceededthenumberofcasualtiesduringtheentire8.5-yearVietNamconflict.”MercyandHoukjudgedthat“injuryfromfirearmsisapublic-healthproblemwhosetollisunacceptable.”
AnothergroupofresearcherspresentedevidencethatlaxU.S.gunlawsmightbetoblame.Theteam,headedbyemergencyroomsurgeonJohnHenrySloan,studiedapairofcitiesjust140milesapart:
SeattleandVancouver.Thetwocitieshadsimilarunemploymentrates,householdincomes,law-enforcementpoliciesandevenfavoriteTVshows.Twodifferences:
inCanada,handgunownershipistightlyrestricted;inWashingtonState,gunsaremoreeasilypurchased.Andbetween1980and1986Seattlehad388homicides,vs.204Vancouver.
1.Accordingtomostexperts,possessingagun________.
A)cannotguaranteeyoursafety
B)doesmorethanassureyousafety
C)leadstomoresuicides
D)canonlyfrightenthieves
2.“Tocarryoutthedarkwish”inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmeans_________.
A)killingoneself
B)shootingothers
C)yieldingtodepression
D)pickingupagun
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A)Manychildrenbecomethevictimsofplayingguns
B)Ahouseholdgunismorelikelytoaimatafamiliarperson
C)Accidentalshootingsoftenhappenwhenpeoplearequarrelling
D)Agunathomeisverylikelytobetakenawaybyburglars
4.Theword“lax”inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.
A)different
B)unrestricted
C)funny
D)notstrict
5.Theauthorcitesthetwocitiesasanexampletodemonstratethat________.
A)whatmattersistocarryoutthegunlaws
B)allstatesmusthavethesamegunlaws
C)gunownershipmustbestrictlyrestricted
D)gunlawshavelittleeffect
Passage2
EversinceDarwin’stheoryofevolution,biologistshaveassumedthatenvironmentsteemingwithcomplexformsoflifeservedasthenurseriesofevolution.ButtworecentpapersinSciencemagazinehaveturnedthatnotiononitshead.Lastmonthsomebiologistsreportedthatintheoceanitistherelativelybarrenareasthatserveas“evolutionarycrucibles(熔炉),”notregionswithgreatdiversityofspecies.OtherresearchersannouncedthissummerthattheArctic,nottherainforest,spawnedmanyplantsandanimalsthatlatermigratedtoNorthAmerica.SaysJohnSepkoskioftheUniversityofChicago,“Harshenvironmentsmaybeproducingthemajorchangesinthehistoryoflife.”
These“changes”donotresultmerelyinalongertailorabiggerclawforanexistingspeciesbut,rather,indramaticleapsuptheevolutionaryladder—arareinnovationthatcomesalongonceinamillionyears.IntheArctic,reportsLeoHickeyofYaleUniversity,theinnovationsrantoformsneverbeforeseenonearth.Bydatingfossilsfrommanygeologiclayers,heconcludedthatlargegrazinganimalsfirstappearedintheArcticandmigratedtotemperateplacesacoupleofmillionyearsorsolater.Amongplants,speciesofredwoodandbirchoriginatedinpolarregionssome18millionsyearsbeforetheyshowedupinthesouth.Examiningfossilsasoldas570millionyears,Chicago’sSepkoskifoundthatshell-less,soft-bodiedcreaturesweresuddenlyreplacedbytrilobites(三叶虫),thenbythemoreadvancedclam-likeanimals.Thesechanges,henotes,“firstbecomecommonnearshore.”Thatsurprisedhim—anenvironmentwithasfewspeciesasexistinthenearshore,andwithsuchapoorrecordofproducingnewspecies,seemsanunlikelyplaceforbiologicalinnovation.ButwhenJablonskidatedfossilsof100millionyearsago,hefoundthatduringthisera,too,thenearshorespawnedbiologicalbreakthroughs—moresophisticatedseacreaturesthatmoveandfindfoodinoceansedimentsinsteadofpassivelyfilteringwhateverfloatsby.
Thefindingsaretoonewtoapplytohumanevolution,butatfirstglancetheyseemtofitthefacts.Anthropologistsbelievethatourancestorsbecamefullyhumanonlyaftertheylefttheirsecurelifeinthetreesfortheharshworldofsavanna(plainwithouttrees).There,thedemandingconditionstriggeredthatmosthumanoftraits,thelargebrain,andthemostprofoundevolutionarystepofallwastaken.
6.TworecentpapersinSciencemagazineclaimtohavefoundevidencewhichcontradictsthetraditionalnotionthat_______.
A)relativelyharshenvironmentsarethenurseriesofevolution
B)evolutionoccurredinregionswithbiologicaldiversity
C)newformsoflifecomeintobeinginnear-shoreareas
D)speciesofbirchandredwoodoriginatedinthesouth
7.AccordingtoLeoHickeyofYaleUniversity,whichofthefollowingmayhavespawnedmoreadvancedspeciesoflandanimals?
A)Thebarrenoceanfloor
B)TheArctic
C)Therainforest
D)TemperateZones
8.Theword“innovations”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.
A)NewtheoryB)NewphenomenonC)ChangesD)Newinventions
9.Howwouldanthropologiststakethenewfindings?
A)Theywouldlookatthemdubiously
B)Theywouldeagerlyapplythemtothestudyofhumanevolution
C)Theywouldchallengethem,thoughatfirstglancetheytendtolookatthemfavorably
D)Theywouldmostprobablythinkthenewfindingsfitwellintotheirtheory
10.Whichofthefollowingmaybeanappropriatetitleofthepassage?
A)Darwin’sTheoryModified
B)HowAnimalsEvolve
C)EvolutioninHardPlaces
D)WhereDidLargeSeaAnimalsOriginate
Passage3
Aclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasconductedbyapsychologist,JohnCalhoun.Ineachexperiment,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosure.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Attheendoftheexperiments,Calhounwasabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.
Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdied.Theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsidereddiseased,pathological(病理学的).
Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdid.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowding.
Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely,avoidingcontactwithotherrats.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.
Thebehavioroftheratpopulationhasparallelsi
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