四级考试试题及参考答案四.docx
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四级考试试题及参考答案四.docx
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四级考试试题及参考答案四
四级考试试题及参考答案(四)
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageONE
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.In'mostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed"togivechildrenagoodstart'academically"asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathemetics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.
IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.
LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.
SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.
11.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve
A)Japan'shighereducationissuperiortotheirs
B)Japan'seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievements
C)Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction
D)JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents
12.MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto
A)parentalguidance
B)problemsolving
C)groupexperience
D)individually-orienteddevelopment
13.InJapan'spreschooleducation,thefocusison
A)tappingchildren'spotential
B)shapingchildren'scharacter
C)preparingchildrenacademically
D)developingchildren'sartisticinterests
14.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto
A)enrichchildren'sknowledge
B)cultivatechildren'screativity
C)broadenchildren'shorizon
D)lightenchildren'sstudyload
15.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity:
basedkindergartens?
A)Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.
B)Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.
C)Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.
D)Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.
PassageTWOQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlong-termmaintenanceofbodyweight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehasnotgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican,whowouldrathertryswitchingto"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadthanincreasephysicalexertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,foundthatfewerthanone-fourthofoverweightadultswhoweretryingtoshedpoundssaidtheywerecombiningexercisewiththeirdiet.
Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoomuchbycaloric-expenditurecharts;forexample,onewouldhavetobrisklywalkthreemilesjusttoworkoffthe275caloriesinonedeliciousDanishpastry(小甜饼).Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere."Exercisebyitselfisaverytoughwaytoloseweight,"saysYorkOnnen,programdirectorofthePresident'sCouncilonPhysicalFitnessandSports.
Still,exercise'ssupportingroleinweightreductionisvital.AstudyattheBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweightpoliceofficersandotherpublicemployeesconfirmedthatthosewhodietedwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheiroldweight,whilethosewhoworkedexerciseintotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheirnewweight.
Ifyouhavebeensedentary(极少活动的)anddecidetostartwalkingonemileaday,theaddedexercisecouldburnanextra100caloriesdaily.Inayear'stime,assumingnoincreaseinfoodintake,youcouldlosetenpounds.Byincreasingthedistanceofyourwalksgraduallyand makingotherdietaryadjustments,youmayloseevenmoreweight.
16.WhatissaidabouttheaverageAmericaninthepassage?
A)Theyusuallyignoretheeffectofexerciseonlosingweight.
B)Theyprefer"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadtootherdrinksandfood.
C)Theyknowthefactorsthatplayapositiveroleinkeepingdownbodyweight.
D)Theytendtoexaggeratethehealthfuleffectof"light"beer.
17.Somepeopledislikeexercisebecause
A)theyfindithardtoexercisewhileonadiet
B)theydon'tthinkitpossibletowalk3mileseveryday
C)theythinkitisphysicallyexhausting
D)theyfindconsultingcaloric-expenditurechartstroublesome
18."Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere"(Line3,Para.2)means"They
A)arenotfullyconvincedthatdietingcanhelpmaintainone'snewweight
B)agreethatthecaloriesinasmallpieceofpastrycanbedifficulttoworkoffbyexercise
C)arenotsufficientlyinformedofthepositiveroleofexerciseinlosingweight
D)partiallybelievedietplaysasupportingroleinweightreduction
19.WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter'sstudy?
A)Weightreductionisimpossiblewithoutexercise.
B)Evenoccasionalexercisecanhelpreduceweight.
C)Controllingone'scalorieintakeismoreimportantthandoingexercise.
D)Onecouldlosetenpoundsinayear'stimeifthere'snoincreaseinfoodintake.
20.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?
A)Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.
B)TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.
D)Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight.
D)TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.
PassageTHREE
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflu(~,~)maymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.
TheAmericanLungAssociation(ALA)hasissuednewguidelinesoncombatingcoldsandtheflu(流感),andoneofthekeysisbeingabletoquicklytellthetwoapart.That'sbecausetheprescriptiondrugsavailableforthefluneedtobetakensoonaftertheillnesssetsin.Asforcolds,thesoonerapersonstartstakingover-the-counterremedy,thesoonerreliefwillcome.
Thecommoncoldandthefluarebothcausedbyviruses.Morethan200virusescancausecoldsymptoms,whilethefluiscausedbythreeviruses-fluA,BandC.Thereisnocureforeitherillness,buttheflucanbepreventedbythefluvaccine(~-~),whichis,formostpeople,thebestwaytofighttheflu,accordingtotheALA.
Butifthefludoesstrike,quickactioncanhelp.Althoughthefluandcommoncoldhavemanysimilarities,therearesomeobvioussignstolookfor.
Coldsymptomssuchasstuffynose,runnynoseandscratchythroattypicallydevelopgradually,andadultsandteensoftendonotgetafever.Ontheotherhand,feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.Andingeneral,flusymptomsincludingfeverandchills,sorethroatandbodyachescomeonsuddenlyandaremoreseverethancoldsymptoms.
TheALAnotesthatitmaybeparticularlydifficulttotellwheninfantsandpreschoolagechildrenhavetheflu.Itadvisesparentstocallthedoctoriftheirsmallchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms.
Bothcoldandflusymptomscanbeeasedwithover-the-countermedicationsaswell.However,childrenandteenswithacoldorflushouldnottakeaspirinforpainreliefbecauseoftheriskofReyesyndrome(综合症),ararebutseriousconditionoftheliverandcentralnervoussystem.Reyesyndrome.
Thereis,ofcourse,novaccineforthecommoncold.ButfrequenthandwashingandavoidingclosecontactwithpeoplewhohavecoldscanreducethelikelihoodofCatchingone.
21.Accordingtotheauthor,knowingthecauseofthemiserywillhelp
A)preventpeoplefromcatchingcoldsandtheflu
B)thepatientobtaincheaperprescriptiondrugs
C)thepatientbuymedicineoverthecounter
D)shortenthedurationoftheillness
22.Welearnfromthepassagethat
A)over-the-counterdrugscanbetakentoeasethemiserycausedbyacoldortheflu
B)onedoesn't
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