On the Embodiment of Communicative Rhetoric in Business English.docx
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On the Embodiment of Communicative Rhetoric in Business English.docx
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OntheEmbodimentofCommunicativeRhetoricinBusinessEnglish
XXXXX大学
学士学位论文
论文题目:
论交际修辞在商务英语中的具体体现
院(部)名称:
外国语学院
学生姓名:
XXX
专业:
英语语言文学学号:
200XXXXX
指导教师姓名:
XXXX
论文提交时间:
论文答辩时间:
学位授予时间:
北方民族大学教务处制
OntheEmbodimentofCommunicativeRhetoricinBusinessEnglish
by
XXXXXXXX
Submittedto
TheSchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures
XXXXUniversityofXXXXXXX
InPartialFulfillmentof
TheRequirementsfor
TheBachelorDegreeofArtsinEnglish
UndertheSupervisionofInstructorXXXXX
April2012
Acknowledgments
Tobeginwith,Iwanttoexpressmyheartfulthankstoalltheteacherswhohadtaughtmeoverthefouryearsandmydearfriendswhohasbeensupportingmeallthetime.
DuJuan,mysupervisor,sparednotimeandenergy,outofherheavyloadofteachingandresearchcommitments,toprovidesubstantialguidanceonmythesis.Duringthepreparationofthispaper,thedetailedadviceanddirectivehelpfromherhavebeenbothacademicallyauthoritativeandgenerous.BythisopportunityIwanttothankherforgivingmedirectionsonanalyzingthespecificapplicationofcommunicativerhetoricinbusinessEnglishcontext.
IamalsoveryobligedtoalltheauthorswhohavemadegreatcontributiontotheresearchandstudyofbothcommunicativerhetoricandbusinessEnglish.Withouttheirachievementsandworks,thispaperwouldbelikewaterwithoutasourceandwouldloseitsconvincementandcredibility.
Atlast,Iwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltappreciationtomygoodfriends,roommatesandclassmateswhoofferedtheirgeneroushelpandsupporttomewheneverImetsometroublesbothinstudyandinlife.TakingthisopportunityIwanttoexpressmylovetothem;andsincerelyIwishwecanmaintainourfriendshiplifelong.Certainly,therewouldbesomethingunsatisfactoryandneglectedbytheauthorinmypaper.Therefore,anycommentsandcriticismsareappreciated.
Abstract
Communicativerhetoric,asabranchofEnglishrhetoric,hasdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyearswiththedevelopmentofmodernEnglishrhetoric.Itwasordinarilyanalyzedatlexicalaccuracy,syntacticalmeticulousnessandcontextualappropriatenessbyacademics.Lateron,ithasextendeditsscopeofstudy,combiningitselfwithvariousbranchesoflearningsuchaspragmatics,semanticsandpsychology.ConsideringthatBusinessEnglishemphasizesonthebrevity,accuracy,proprietyandeffectivenessofexpressions,itcanbefoundthatcommunicativerhetoricandBusinessEnglishseekalmostthesameexpressiveeffect.However,tocombinetheformerandthelatterhasfailedtogainmuchattentionfromEnglishlearners.Therefore,thispaperwouldmainlydiscusstheembodimentandspecificapplicationofcommunicativerhetoricinbusinessEnglishcontextfromtheaspectsoflexicology,syntacticandcontext.
TheultimatepurposeofstudyingrhetoricdevicesinbusinessEnglishcontextisforbetterapplicationofthelatterandthusbenefitingfromit.Consideringthis,theauthorisgoingtoanalyzetheexpressiveeffectfromperspectiveoftheexpectedeffectofbusinessEnglishatthelexical,syntacticalandcontextuallevels.Asaconclusionofthewholethesis,ithastwopurposes:
provideandanalyzepracticalapplicationofcommunicativerhetoricinbusinessEnglishandsummarizethetheoreticalguidanceofit,withqualitativeanalysismainlybeingapplied.
Keywords:
communicativerhetoric,businessEnglish,embodiment,application
中文摘要
作为英语修辞的分支,交际修辞随着现代英语修辞学的发展近年来也得到了迅速的发展。
人们通常从词法的精确性、句法结构的严谨性和语境适体性这三个层面对它进行分析。
稍后,人们又把它同语用学、语义学、心理学等其他学科结合起来进行探究,扩大了交际修辞的研究范围。
考虑到商务英语注重表达的见解、精确、得体及有效,可以发现它与交际修辞追求着共同的表达效果。
然而,将两者结合起来进行分析研究却未引起广大英语学者的注意。
对此,文中将主要从词法、句法和语境这三个方面来讨论交际修辞在商务英语语境中的具体体现和应用。
当然,研究商务英语中修辞手段的最终目的是为了更好地服务于商务英语的实际应用并从中受益。
所以,本人将从商务英语应用预期效果出发,分别在词汇,句法和语篇的层面上来分析二者结合所产生的表达效果。
总结而言,本文欲达到以下两个目的:
提供并分析交际修辞在商务英语中应用实例;总结其理论指导意义。
本文主要采用了定性分析法。
关键词:
交际修辞,商务英语,体现,应用
Contents
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………..i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………ii
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………...i
Ⅰ.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….1
II.Literaturereview……………………………………………………………………….2
Ⅲ.CharacteristicsofbusinessEnglish……………………………………………………3
Ⅳ.SpecificStudyandAnalysisofCommunicativeRhetoricinBusinessEnglish…….6
4.1Atthelexicallevel…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
4.1.1Jargons……………………………………………………………………….6
4.1.2Acronyms…………………………………………………………………….7
4.1.3Archaisms……………………………………………………………………8
4.2Atthesyntacticallevel……………………………………………………………..9
4.2.1Simplesentenceandcomplexsentence……………………………………..9
4.2.2Activevoiceandpassivevoice…………………………………………......10
4.2.3Loosesentence,periodicsentence,andbalancedsentence………………11
4.3Atthecontextuallevel……………………………………………………………12
4.3.1Problem-solvingpattern………………………………………………….12
4.3.2Whole-partspattern……………………………………………………..13
4.3.3Compare-contrastpattern……………………………………………....14
Ⅴ.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..16
References………………………………………………………………………………...18
I.Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,businessEnglishisplayinganindispensableroleinbusinessactivitiesintoday’sworld.However,peoplearelikelytohaveamisconception,i.e.,thetextoflegislation,science,technologyandbusinessareirrespectiveofliteratureandart,hencenoconcerningofrhetoricaldevicesandbeauty.Tothismisconception,LiuMiqing,afamoustranslationtheoreticianoftheday,pointsoutthatlanguageaccompaniesbeautyallthetime.Awriterneedstechniquestoexpressinabrief,accurateandproperway,eventhoughitisonlyanoticethatisbeingwritten.(Liu,2009)
Inthecategoryofhumanetradition,Englishrhetoricmaybesubdividedintocommunicativerhetoricandaestheticrhetoric.TheformeriswhatMr.ChenWangdao,themasterofmodernrhetoricofChina,referredtoaspassiverhetoric,andthelatteractiverhetoric(Ma,2006:
3).Communicativerhetoriclaysparticularstressonlexicalaccuracy,syntacticalmeticulousnessandcontextualappropriatenesssoastobringitslinguisticcommunicativeroleintofullplay,whileaestheticrhetoricistheapplicationofspecificrhetoricaldevices.Foreffectiveness,bothcommunicativerhetoricandaestheticrhetoriccanbeemployedbymeansoflogicalthinking.ItisevidentthataestheticrhetoricisusedincertainbusinessEnglishcontext.Nevertheless,thispaperdiscussesmainlyabouttheembodimentandspecificapplicationofcommunicativerhetoricinbusinessEnglish.
Thepaperconsistsoffiveparts.Thefirstpartisabriefintroductiontothebackgroundofthisstudy.Thesecondpartisaliteraturereview,whichintroducesthedevelopmentandstatusquoofcommunicativerhetoricstudy.ThethirdpartintroducesthecharacteristicsofbusinessEnglish.TheforthpartisthespecificstudyandanalysisofcommunicativerhetoricinbusinessEnglish.Abundantexamplesaregivenatdifferentlevelsinthispart.Thelastpartisaconclusion.
II.Literaturereview
ItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatrhetoricoriginatedinGreece.About24centuriesago,duringthetimeofAristotle(383-322B.C.)inGreece,rhetoricwasconsideredtobeoneofthefewimportantbranchesoflearning.ItwasAristotlewhowasthefirstonetodefinerhetoricastheartofpersuasion.Sohewasregardedasthefatherofrhetoricbylatergeneration.However,forancientGreeksandRomansrhetoricwasonlytheartofpersuasionthrougheffectivetechniquesofargumentation.
InMedievalandRenaissancetimestheemphasisofrhetoricfelluponthemoredecorativeaspectofdiscourse,sothatrhetoriccametomeanelegantdiscourse.
Themodernworldstillshowscertaineffectsofthatsenseoftheterm,butthestudyofrhetorictodayis,atleastinschool,thestudyofcomposition---theprinciplesofspeakingandwriting.Inthemeantimerhetorichasextendeditsscopeofstudy,combiningitselfwithvariousbranchesoflearningsuchaspsychology,sociology,anthropology,semantics,linguistics,aesthetics,etc.Theprevailingviewaboutthepurposeofrhetoricistoexpressoneselfwellandtocommunicateeffectivelyinordertosecureadesiredresultbyemployingrhetoricalmeansefficiently(Tan,Li,2006:
4).
Byappearance,rhetoricismysteriousandunfathomable,butinfact,itissocommonthatoneusesitconsciouslyorunconsciously.WhenAbrahamLincolnsaidinhisspeech“Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetime,andsomeofthepeopleallthetime,butyoucannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime”,hecertainlyusedrhetoric.
Traditionally,peopleconsiderafigureofspeech(simile,metaphor,metonymy,parody,paradox,etc)toberhetoric;someholdthataneffectiveandartisticdeviceinexpressionisrhetoric:
thechoiceofwords,thechoiceofsentences,andtheswitchofdifferentlinguisticcodes——alltheseareinthescopeofrhetoricinmodernEnglish.Herefollowsthedefinitionsofrhetoric:
LongmanModernEnglishDictionarydefinesitas“theartorscienceofcommunicationinwords;thisartorsciencepracticedortaughtasaformaldiscipline,esp.thedoctrineformulatedbyAristotleandtaughtthroughtheMiddleAges;overornateorostentatiouslanguages.”
CambridgeInternationalDictionaryofEnglishdefinesrhetoricas“speechorwritingwhichisintendedtobeeffectiveandpersuasiveor(specialized)thestudyofthewaysofusinglanguageeffectively”.
BrooksandWarreninModernRhetoricpointedout“Rhetoricistheartofusinglanguageeffectively.”
Today,rhetoricisregardedasascienceofheighteninglinguisticeffectiveexpressions,andtheartofeffectivecommunication(Tan,Li,2006:
4).Itisclassified,bysomelinguists,ascommunicativerhetoric
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