英文文献.docx
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英文文献.docx
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英文文献
河北工程大学水电学院
文献翻译
指导老师李彦军
学生姓名胡娅婷
专业班级11级水利水电工程2班
时间2015年6月6日
ThermalStressAnalysisofAHydraulicaqueductPrestressed
G.P.HarrisonandH.W.Whittington
[Abstract]LargescaleaqueductisadoptedasaoptionalplanforthecrossingyellowriverstructureoftheprojectoftransferringwaterfromtheSouthtotheNorth.Prestressedreinforcedconcretestructureisthebestchoice.Thedesignedaqueductspanis50m.Self-weightoftheupperpartofthestructureforonespanis15.93MN,andcorrespondingweightofthewaterinonespanis19.85MN.Thestressineverypartofthestructurevarieslargely.Astheprojectislocatedintheareathathaslargetemperaturevariation,thethermalstressproducedinthestructurebythevariationofthesurroundingtemperatureisabigproblem.Inthispaper,thethermalstressintheaqueductisstudiedforallpossibleconditions,andsuggestionstoguaranteethesafetyoftheaqueductunderpossiblelargetemperaturevariationismade.
[Keyword]hydraulicaqueduct;prestressedreinforcedconcrete;thermalstress;
1Preface
South-NorthWaterDiversioncentrelinewearHuangaqueductengineeringdesignadoptonepairoftroughstopasswater,thetopstructureoftheaqueductselectstheUaqueductforuse,itis4mtocrosswatersectioninteriorradiusofunderpartsemicircle,thetopofthesemicircletroughisthestraightwallandwingreasonboard,design5.13mofdepthofwater,theclearwidth8moftheaqueductinthetrough.Theminimumthickmiddlepartofwallofsectionis0.35m,thetipis0.5m,is0.85mthatthepositionpartofthebaseplateisthickennedinstepping,thick1.35moftip.Thetroughcarriessection0.5m*0.5mofthecrossbeam,interval5m.Tall7.45moftrough,singletotalwide9moftrough,horizontaltotalwide19mofpairoftroughs,troughminimumandnetfrom1m.ThetopgradeofintensityofstructureconcreteisC50.
Moundcaplevelmeasurementis19.0m*5.0m,thickness2.8m.Moundcaphavehorizontalantidetonationblocklumpandcushionstone,horizontaltoblockpieceassigninbothsides,moundofcap.CombiningtheUaqueducttipstructurepattern,blockoneandadopttheladder-shapedsection,theheightis1.10m;Itisthecylindricaltroughmoundof2.8mthatthebodyofmoundofbothsidesoftheaqueductadopts2piecesofdiameter,adopttheroundmoundofshapeentityofendinthemiddle,theradius1.4mofverybeginningofmound,high5.14m-9.93m,thedistanceis7.35minthemoundofthepost.ItisC40andC30respectivelytooverlaytheroofbeamandgradeofintensityofbodyconcreteofmound;Pourintothefoundationsincludingtopsesandbeartheplatformandeachofunderpart.Itistherectangletobearalevel,thetotallengthis21.2m,thewidthis10.0m,thickness3.5m.Foundationadoptarmoredconcreteisitpourintotohole,eachbearplatformalongtroughtoassigntworowholeandpourintoone,arranging4eachtime,afoot-pathis2.2m.Outsidewithbearingobeytroughofdistanceofsetsofedgeto,to0.8mtroughnothorizontal.Itis6.2mtothecentre-to-centrespacingthatonearrangesthetrough,thehorizontaltroughis5.8mtothecentre-to-centrespacing,itsgrowsbetween68m-80m.ItisC30tobeartheplatformandgradeofintensityofabasePiercethroughHuangaqueducttroughbodytypicalsectionplacesidewallconcretethickness35cmonly,duringusingnormally,underthesunshineandwarmsituationthatlowersuddenly,thewallisinfluencedbytemperatureinthetrough,theinternalandexternalsurfaceofconcretemustformverygreattemperaturegradient.Therefore,underthesunshineandwarmsituationthatlowersuddenly,itisveryeasytocauseanddrawthestressmoregreatlyontheconcretesurface.ThistextweartoSouth-NorthWaterDiversioncentrelineaqueductHuangstructurereceivestrengthcomplicatedcharacteristicundertemperaturefunction,adoptANSYSprocedurewearaqueductHuanggoonthree-dimensionalfiniteelementisitcalculatetoanalysetoSouth-NorthWaterDiversioncentreline,operateone,overhauloneinordertoverifytheaqueductsecurityproblem.
2Waterconservancyprojectaqueducttemperaturestressanalyticalmethods
2.1PiercethroughthenaturalconditionsoftheHuang's
Itisthewaitingareaoftheatmosphereofcontinentalhalf-drieddryseasontodressdistrictHuang,meteorologicalstatisticsstandinstandingaccordingtostandardMengCountyofweatherstationofHenanProvinceandMengjin,thelocalitymakesacleardistinctionbetweenthefourseasons,thedifferenceintemperatureisrelativelyhighinJune-Augusteverymonth,25degreesCentigrade-27degreesCentigradeonaverage,itisrelativelylowinDecember-February,is0.1degreesCentigrade-2.0degreesCentigrade.Whetherminimumtemperatureconsultnearmaterialsoftwocountytown(accordingtowearHuangdistrictMengCountyandMengjincountyof43km)writtendowntohave.¢Ù1961-200040averagetemperatureofthewholeyearofMengjin:
Dayminimumtemperatureextremevalue-11.9onaverageformanyyears(appearJanuary31,1969suchastime);Theminimumaverageoftemperature-6.42degreesCentigradeonaverageondayformanyyears(1961-2000);Theminimumtemperatureextremevalue-6.1degreesCentigradeonaverageintendaysformanyyears(appearinmid-Februaryof1964oftime);Theminimumaverageoftemperature-2.5degreesCentigradeonaverageintendaysformanyyears(1961-2000).¢Ú1971-200030averagetemperatureofthewholeyearofMengCounty:
Dayminimumtemperatureextremevalue-10.6onaverageformanyyears(appearDecember27,1971suchastime);Theminimumaverageoftemperature-5.5degreesCentigradeonaverageondayformanyyears(1971-2000);Theminimumtemperatureextremevalue-4.9degreesCentigradeonaverageintendaysformanyyears(appearinthelasttendaysofDecemberof1971oftime);Theminimumaverageoftemperature-1.7degreesCentigradeonaverageintendaysformanyyears(1971-2000).
Averagerainfall604.3mmformanyyears,amongthemtherainfalliscentralizedwithJulyparticularly.Thelargestwindspeed22.0m/s,winddirectionNW.
2.2Theborderconditionoftemperatureandcomputingtechnology
2.2.1Borderconditionoftemperature
Theborderconditionissolidsurfaceandinteractivelawofmediumaround,canbedivided into the following two kinds:
The first type border condition :
Solid surface temperature T is the time known function of t, namely (on border B)
The second type border condition :
When solid surface and fluid (such as air , water ) keep in touch, pass the solid and superficial density of thermal current , in direct
proportion to difference of fluid temperature Tc with solid surface temperature T, namely (on border C )
2.2.2 Wear temperature border principle of fetching etc. of aqueduct Huang
(1)Water border
When the concrete keeps in touch with water, coefficient βbecomes more and more infinitely great to send out heat, can have T-Tc by the second type border condition =0, namely T =Tc, turns into the first type border condition .
(2)Air border
When the concrete keeps in touch with the air, its border condition should be dealt with according to the second type border condition. Ask solving in condition that however , according to the second type border, the coefficient that must choose the accurate surface and send out heat , could receive more satisfactory result of calculation .Because determine the surface of the structure border to send out heat coefficient is very complicated, so, the real test that still lacks in this respect so far tests the data. In view of
above-mentioned situations, the complexity of coefficient that consider the surface and send out heat, can use surveying the temperature data of the border as the border condition directly , namely the first type border condition .This kind of method is more accurate. But only there are temperature materials of the concrete slab in bridges and civil
engineering at present, namely what inside , surface and air exposed to survey materials, see for water yet, for to survey materials air.
2.2.3 Calculate the theory and formula
Large and medium-sized aqueduct complicated to the structure,the simulation of its temperature field and calculation of the temperature stress should adopt the law of finite element,could receive the comparatively accurate result .α, inordertoleadwarm coefficient,θ, in order to rise adiabatically and warmly among them.
Pierce through temperature field of aqueduct Huang for temperature field of stabilizing, to the unstable heat-conduction question, temperature field T is besides meeting the heat-conduction equation, must also meet initial condition type T =ψ(x , y , z ) and border condition. Distributed accounting temperature stress according to the difference in temperature after calculating temperature field, according to suffused with the terms of realizing the extreme value of lettering, 2.2.4 Calculate loading and operating mode
The ones that consider while calculating load:
Water loads, wind loading , trough body conducting oneself with dignity loading , temperature loading , live load the trough of prestressing force.
1) Water loads:
The water level is calculated according to 5.01m in the trough;
2)The wind loads:
According to the wind-force situation of Zhengzhou and terrain condition of the river trough , confirm wind pressure strength as 0.86 kN/m2;
3) The trough body conducts oneself with dignity:
The aqueduct unit weight of armored concreteis γ=25.0KN/m3, conducts oneself with dignity and calculates automatically by the procedure
4) Prestressing force loads:
The prestressing force conduct loads and is participated in calculating, is th
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