定语从句考点难点.docx
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定语从句考点难点.docx
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定语从句考点难点
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)
(一):
在复合句中修饰,限定名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出
1定义
1)复合句:
含有主句和从句的句子
根据从句在复合句中充当的成分不同,而分为:
主语从句,宾语从句等等。
因此在复合句中充当定语的句子就叫做定语从句。
2)定语:
用来限定、修饰名词或代词,译成“……的”。
常由形容词充当。
此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
Anaughtyboy(adj)前置定语
Apencilbox(n)前置定语
Myname(pron)前置定语
Peoplehere(adv)后置定语
Agirlinred(介词短语)后置定语
ThisisthecolorthatIlike.(句子)后置定语
2先行词与关系词
1)先行词:
被定语从句修饰,限定的名词或代词
2)关系词常有2个作用:
①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3)关系词分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
which.that,who,whom.whose
先行词
在句中当主语
在句中当宾语
在句中当定语
指人
Who/that
Who/whom/that
(可省略)
whose
指物
Which/that
Which/that
(可省略)
whose
Thetallmanwho/thatisplayingthebasketballisYaoMing.(主语)
Heistheboy(who/whom/that)Imetyesterday.(宾语)
Iboughtthebookwhich/thatisonthedesk.(主语)
Thisisthebook(which/that)Ilike.(宾语)
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(定语)
Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.(定语)
=Iliveinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.
**Eg:
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?
关系副词:
where,when,why
在从句中作地点状语(where)时间状语(when),原因状语(why,先行词只有reason)。
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.(地点状语)
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(时间状语)
Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.(原因状语,)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich where=in/at/on…which(根据介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/on/in/……which(根据介词同先行词搭配)
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.(地点状语)
=ThehouseinwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(时间状语)
=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametotheschool.
Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.(原因状语,)
=Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichhelooksunhappytoday.
3关系代词和关系副词的选用:
根据先行词在定语从句中充当的成分确定:
当主语,宾语,定语用关系代词,当状语则用关系副词。
(把先行词放在定语从句中,能组成完整的句子,就用关系代词,如需加介词则用关系副词)
ThisisthefactorywhereIwork.
Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedtheotherday.
4限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:
区别1)
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;常译成“。
。
的”
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,常译成一个句子。
它与主句之间通常用逗号分开
Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性)
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)
区别2)关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句
区别3)**非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句,
Youalwaysworkhard,whicheveryoneknows.你一向勤奋学习,这个大家都知道。
Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.竹子是空的,这就使得它很轻。
区别4)句意不一样
Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.
那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。
(老人只有一个儿子)
Theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy.
那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。
(可能老人还有别的儿子)
5先行词在定语从句中做主语时,决定定语从句的谓语动词的单复数形式:
Ilostthewatchwhich______(be)madeinSwiss.
Heisoneofthemostfamousscientistswho__________(work)inChina.
Heistheonlyoneofthemostfamousscientistswho________(work)inChina.
6做题技巧:
找出主句----确定先行词---把先行词放进定语从句中,分析它充当的成分。
练习:
1Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?
Ilikethemovies______areaboutChinesehistory.
AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich
2DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?
No,Iprefersongs_____loud.
AthatisBwhichisCthatareDwhatare
3Theywanttodevelopakindofdog-friendlyfood______willhelpdogownerscooldown
theirpets.
AwhoBwhatCwhichDwhether
4Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_______hassurprisedusall.
AthatBwhereCwhichDwho
5Theprizewillgotothewriter_______storyshowsthemostimagination.
AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhich
用关系词填空:
Thisisthefilm______BruceLeestarredin.
Doyouknowthisperson________inventedthemachine?
Thevillage___________weusedtoliveinisveryfarfromhere.
Thevillage___________weusedtoliveisveryfarfromhere.
Iwillneverforgetthedays______________wespentonthatsmallisland.
Iwillneverforgetthedays_______________welivedonthatsmallisland.
Thereason_____________hefailedintheexamswasthathewastoocareless.
Thereason_____________hegaveusisreasonable.
Thehouse_______________windowsweredamagedhasbeenrepaired.
Thehousethewindowsof______weredamagedhasbeenrepaired.
定语从句
(二)
关系代词that与which
先行词指物时,只用that的情况:
1当先行词是不定代词:
all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none,
theone时
Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?
2先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,very等词修饰时
ThisistheverybookthatI’lookingfor.
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
3当先行词是形容词最高级/序数词或它的前面有形容词最高级/序数词修饰时
Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?
ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.
4当先行词就有人又有物时
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
5当主句的主语是which时
Whichisbikethatyoulost?
6有俩个定语从句,一个关系代词用which,另一个就用that
Theysecretlybuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.
7当先行词在主句和从句中都做表语时
Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
只用which的情况:
1非限制性定语从句
Hehadfailedthemathexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.
2关系代词前有介词时
Thatisthehouseinwhichheusedtolive.
3先行词本身是that或those时
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?
4先行词后有插入语时
Hereisthebookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
练习:
1)
Isthereanyquestion_______troublesyoumuch?
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom
Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.
A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswritten
B.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten
Hewrotealettertometotellmeeverything______hesawonthewaytotheParis.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
Youshouldhandinall_______youhave.
Wehaven’tgotmuch_______canofferyou.
Isthisschooltheone__________wearegoingtovisittomorrow?
Isthereanything___________youwanttobuy?
Theonlything___________wecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
Therearenochildren_________don’tlovetheirparents.
Thisisall__________Iknowabouttheaccident.
Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.
Youmustwatcheverythingcarefully__________theteacherdoesinclass.
Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.
Thelastplace__________wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm.
Thisistheverybook__________Iwanttoborrow.
Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople__________hehadvisited.
ThefirstEnglishnovel__________IreadwasGoneWithWind.
2)
TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
AthisBthatCwhatDwhich
Isawadeskon__________therewasabook.
AitBthatCwhatDwhich
That_______ismosthighlyvaluedinthetribeiscourage.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.(2004年辽宁卷,)A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat
关系代词who与that
当先行词指人时,只用who的情况:
1当先行词是one,ones,anyone,someone,those,no,all,nobody,none,he,they,person,people等时
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.
2当先行词后有较长后置定语时
ImetaforeignstudentfromBeijingUniversitywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.
3一个复合句中有俩个定语从句,一个用that,另一个则宜用who
Theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.
3therebe句型中的定语从句
Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsttheplan.
4非限制性定语从句中
Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.
只用“that”的情况
1.当关系代词在主句和从句中都作表语
Sheisnotthewomanthatsheusedtobe.她已经不是过去的她了。
2.主句是who开头的句子,为了避免重复。
Whoisthegirlthatoftencomestoschoolearly?
常常早到校的那个女孩是谁?
3.当先行词前面有指示代词same时,要用that。
Heisthesamepersonthatkilledthatwoman.他就是杀害那位妇女的人。
4.当先行词既有人,又有物时。
Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.
练习:
1)
Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_________,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhom
Ateacherissomeone______helpsustolearn.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
He______hasnotreachedtheGreatWallisn'tatrueman.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
All________hadseenthisfilmweremoved.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
Those_______areformyplan,pleaseputupyourhands.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
Persons_______arequarrelsomearedespised.好争者被轻视。
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
2)
Thatisthesamewoman________spokeatthemeetingyesterday.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcels________filledthecar.
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
Whowastheman_________youdancedwithlastnight?
AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich
介词+关系代词结构
1在介词+关系代词中,只用whom(先行词指人),which(先行词指物),且不能省略。
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.
TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.
2动词短语中的介词不能拆开,放在关系代词前
(如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,payattentionto等)
Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)
ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
3“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
Inthebaskettherearemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
5介词的选择三原则:
一先二动三句意
一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.
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