Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing工程制图基础 全套课件(英文版)(上).pptx
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Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing工程制图基础 全套课件(英文版)(上).pptx
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,出版社国际合作出部版社国际合作部,工程制图基础,工程制图基础,出版社国际合作部,Anewmachine,orproductmustexistinthemindoftheengineerordesignerbeforeitbecomesareality.Thisoriginalconceptorideaisusuallyplacedonpapercalleddrawingpapertoformengineeringdrawing.Theengineersordesignerscancommunicateeachotherwiththeengineeringdrawing.,Chapter1BasicSkillsofEngineeringDrawing,出版社国际合作部,1.1DrawingInstrument,1.1.1DrawingpencilsAgooddrawingbeginswithaproperdrawingpencilanditscorrectuse.Pencilgraderangesfromthehardest,9H,tothesoftest,7B.GradeH,HBandBaremostfrequentlyusedbecauseoftheirmediumhardness.Thechoiceoftheproperdrawingpencilsdependsonpersonalpreferenceandthedrawingpaperused.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.1Sharpendrawingpencilscorrectly.,出版社国际合作部,1.1.2Pencileraser,Fig.1.2Erasingshield.,出版社国际合作部,1.1.3Erasingshield擦图片,1.1.4Triangles三角板,Fig.1.3Triangle.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.4Parallellineconstruction,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.5PerpendicularlineConstruction.,出版社国际合作部,1.1.5Compass圆规,Fig.1.6Compass.,出版社国际合作部,1.1.6Divider分规,Fig.1.7Divider.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.8Usingdivider.,出版社国际合作部,1.1.7Drawingboard图板,Fig.1.9Drawingboard.,出版社国际合作部,1.1.8T,square丁字尺,Fig.1.10T-square.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.11Drawingahorizontalline.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.12Drawingaverticalline.,出版社国际合作部,1.2(ProvisionsofChineseNationalStandardofTechnicalDrawing(机械制图国家标准的规定),1.2.1Drawingpaper(GB/T146891993)1.2.1.1Drawingpapersize(图幅)Thesizesofthedrawingpaperstogetherwiththeirlengths,widthsandletterdesignations,arelistedinChart1.1.,出版社国际合作部,Chart1.1Papersize,出版社国际合作部,1.2.1.2Paperframeformat(图框格式),Fig.1.13Formatofpaperframe.,出版社国际合作部,1.2.2Titleblock(标题栏),Fig.1.14Paperslocatedvertically.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.15Titleblock,出版社国际合作部,1.2.3Measurementunitsforengineering(工程计量单位),1.2.3.1Metricsystem(SI)ofunits,Fig.1.16Thecentimeter.,出版社国际合作部,1.2.3.2Englishsystemofunits,Fig.1.17Englishunits.,出版社国际合作部,1.2.4Scales(比例)(GB/T146901993),Chart1.2Scales,出版社国际合作部,1.2.5Characters(字体)(GB/T146911993),Heightandnumberofacharacter(字高和字号)Chinesecharacters(汉字),Fig.1.18Chinesecharactersinfontof“长仿宋体”.,出版社国际合作部,Chart1.3BasicstrokeinChinesecharactersandthewittenorders,出版社国际合作部,1.3BasicstrokeinChinesecharactersandthewittenorders,1.2.5.3Lettersandnumbers(字母和数字)Lettersandnumbersmaybewritteninitalic(斜体)orvertical(直体).Italicsarefrequentlyappliedinengineeringdrawing.ItalicnumbersareshowninFig.1.19;italiccapitalsinFig.1.20;italicsmalllettersinFig.1.21;italicGrecian(希腊的)lettersinFig.1.22andRomannumeralsinFig.1.23.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.19Italicnumbers.,Fig.1.20Italiccapitals.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.21Italicsmallletters.,Fig.1.22ItalicGrecianletters.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.23ItalicRomannumerals.,1.2.6Drawinglines(图线)(GB/T174501998)Eachlineonanengineeringdrawinghasadefinitemeaningandisdrawninacertainway.Chart1.4showsvariouslinesrequiredintheengineeringdrawing.,出版社国际合作部,Chart1.4Linesrequiredinengineeringdrawing,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.24Applicationofalltypesoflines.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.25Correctandincorrectdrawings,出版社国际合作部,1.2.7Dimension(尺寸),1.2.7.1Dimensioncomposition(尺寸的组成),Fig.1.26Dimensionterms.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.27Arrowheads.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.28Correctandincorrectindimensioning.,出版社国际合作部,1.2.7.2Commondimensionsymbols(Chart1.5)Chart1.5Commondimensionsymbols,出版社国际合作部,1.3GeometricConstruction(几何构造),Simplegeometricalstructuresshouldbefamiliartoengineersfortheyoccurfrequentlyinengineeringdrawing.Forexample,howtodrawatangentarc?
orahexagon?
Geometricalgraphicsaretwodimensionalfigureswhicharecomposedofstraightlines,curves,orthecombinationofthem.Geometricconstructionsinthischapterincludetangentarcs,regularpolygons,ellipsesandsoon.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.1HowtodrawtangentpointsStep1Drawalinetangenttothecirclewith,centerE,whichistangentlineABasshowninFig.1.29(a).Step2FromcenterE,drawalineperpendiculartotangentlineABtolocatetangentpointT(Fig.1.29(b).Step3ConnecttwocentersEandDtolocatetangentpointPbetweentwotangentcircles(Fig.1.29(b).,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.29Tangentpoints.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.2HowtodrawalinetangenttoacirclethroughapointonthegivencircleStep1ArrangeatriangleincombinationwiththeT-square(oranothertriangle)sothatitshypotenusepassesthroughcenterOandpointC.,Step2HoldingtheT-squarefirmlyinplace,turnthetriangleaboutitssquarecornerandmoveituntilthehypotenusepassesthroughC.Step3Drawthetangentlinerequiredalongthehypotenuse(Fig.1.30(b),出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.30Alinetangenttoacirclethroughapointonacircle.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.3HowtodrawalinetangenttoacirclethroughapointoutsidethegivencircleStep1ConnectpointsOandP,andthenlocatepointDbybisectingOP(Fig.1.31(b).,Step2WithpointDascenterandODastheradius,drawasemicircletointersectthegivenarctangentpointatT,(Fig.1.31(c).Step3DrawthelinefromPtoT,whichisthetangentlinerequired.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.31Alinetangenttoacirclethroughapointoutsidethecircle.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.4HowtodrawanarctangenttotwolinesStep1SetcompasstothegivenradiusR,andatanyconvenientpointonthegivenlinesdrawmanyarcs.Step2Throughthelimitsofthosearcs,drawparallelstothegivenlines,whicharethelociofcentersofallcirclestangenttolinesABandCD,andtheintersectingpointOisthecenterofthetangentarc.Step3FindtwotangentpointsTbyerecting,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.32Anarctangenttotwostraightlines.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.5Howdodrawanarctangenttotwoperpendicularlines,Fig.1.33Anarctangentatright,anglecorner.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.6HowtodrawanarctangenttoacircleandalineInFig.1.34(a),lineABisgiven,andarcwithradiusR1andcenterOisgiven.DrawatangentarcwithradiusRbetweenthegivenlineandarc.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.34Anarctangenttoastraightlineandacircle.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.7HowtodrawanarctangenttotwocirclesAnarctangenttothetwogivenarcshastwocases.Thefirstcaseisthatthecentersofthegivencirclesareoutsidethetangentarc.InFig.1.35(a),twoarcsaregiven:
oneiswithradiusR1andcenter,O;theotheriswithradiusR2andcenterP.DrawatangentarcwithradiusRbetweenthegivenarcs.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.35Anarctangenttotwocirclesoutside.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.8Hexagons(六边形)Thehexagon,asixsideregularpolygon,canbeinscribedin(圆内接)orcircumscribed(圆外切)aboutacircle.Usea3060triangletodrawtheinscribedhexagonandcircumscribedhexagon(Figs.1.37(a)and(b).Thecirclerepresentsthedistancefromcornertocornerforaninscribedhexagonandfromflattoflat(边到边)foracircumscribedhexagon.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.37Ahexagon.,出版社国际合作部,tolocatepoint,1.3.9Pentagons(五边形)Step1BisectradiusOBD.,Step4UselineCFasthechord(弦)tolocatetheothercornersofthepentagon.Iffivediagonals(对角线)areconnectedrespectively,apentagram(五角星)canbeformedasshowninFig.1.38(b).,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.38Aregularpentagoninacircle.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.10HowtodrawaellipseEllipseisonetypeofconiccurves(圆锥曲线).Thelargestdiameterofanellipseiscalledmajoraxis(长轴)whiletheshortestdiameteriscalledminoraxis(短轴).Bothaxesintersectperpendicularlyandbisecteachother.Therearetwomethodstoconstructellipse.,出版社国际合作部,arcmethod,1.3.10.1Approximatecircular(近似圆弧法),Theapproximatecirculararcmethodis,出版社国际合作部,Fig.1.39Drawinganapproximateellipse.,出版社国际合作部,1.3.10.2ConcentricThemajoraxis,circlemethod(同心圆法)ABandminoraxisCDof,anellipsearegiven.Constructtheellipse,usingtheconcentriccirclemethod(Fig.1.40).,出版社国际合作部,circle,Fig.1.40Anellipsebyconcentricmethod,出版社国际合作部,Theknowledgeandskillswewillstudyinthischapterarefundamentalsofmakingengineeringdrawings.Itinvolvestheprojection(投影)ofthreedimensionalobjects(三维物体)onthetwodimensionalplane(二维平面).Throughpropergeometricmaniputions,projectionsmayreflecttheobjectslengths,angles,shapesandothergeometricinformation.Theprojectionoftheobjectmaybeconsideredastheview(视图).Themaintasksofthischapteraretostudythreeviewsofpoints,linesandplanes,respectively.,Chapter2Points,LinesandPlanes,出版社国际合作部,2.1BasicTheoryofProjection,2.1.1Projection(投影)Youmaynoticethephenomenonofprojectionindailylife.Forexample,whenyoustandonthegroundinasunnyday,yourshadowwilloccurontheground.Theshadowisaprojection.,出版社国际合作部,Aprojectionofanobjectisactullyanimage(图像)producedbyprojecting(投射)theobjectontoaplaneknownastheprojectionplane(投影面).AsshownisFig.2.1,supposethatpointSisalightsourceandfromit,manylightlinescalledprojectors(投射线)areprojectedout.Supposethatagainifanobject,triangleABC,isprojectedbytheseprojectors,animagetriangleabc,wouldoccurontheprojectionplaneH.,出版社国际合作部,Fig.2.1Perspectiveprojection.,出版社国际合作部,2.1.2Classificationofprojection,Accordingtotherelativepositionbetweenprojectorsinspace,twotypesofprojectionsaredefined,whichareperspectiveprojection(透视投影)andparallelprojection(平行投影),respectively.,出版社国际合作部,2.1.2.1Perspectiveprojection,Aperspectiveprojectionisaprojectionproducedbyprojectinganobjectontotheprojectionplaneunderthoseprojectorswhichareconvergedtothestationpoint.Perspectiveprojectionisnotsuitableforworkingdrawingsbecauseaperspectiveprojectionviewdoesnotrevealtheexactsizeandshape.Itisusedtosomeextentbyengineersinpreparingpreliminary(初步的)sketches.,出版社国际合作部,2.1.2.2Parallelprojection,Ifthedistancefromtheobservertoanobjectisinfinitefaraway,allprojectorsareparalleltoeachother.Sotheprojectionproducedbyprojectorsparalleltoeachotheriscalle
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