红字文档格式.docx
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红字文档格式.docx
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Nathaniel
Hawthorne
(1804-1864)
was
born
in
a
family
with
long
puritan
tradition.
He
had
an
ambition
to
be
writer.
In
1821,
he
went
Bowdoin
College,
where
Henry
Wadsworth
Longfellow
as
classmate.
also
developed
friendship
Franklin
Pierce
who
the
14th
U.S.
President.
After
graduation,
began
pursue
his
literary
career.
While,
first
attempt
at
novel
writing,
book
about
school
life,
proved
failure.
His
Twice-Told
Tales
1837
and
Mosses
from
Old
Manse
1846
brought
him
no
great
fame
either.
It
The
Scarlet
Letter
which
fortune.
tried
evoke
emotional
sympathy
for
heroine,
got
more
influence
of
European
literature.
As
romantic
writer,
themes
are
consequences
pride,
selfishness,
secret
guilty;
conflict
between
lighthearted
somber
attitude
toward
life;
impingement
past
upon
present;
rutility
comprehensive
social
reforms;
impossibility
eradicating
sin
human
heart;
alienation
solitude;
nature
natural
impulses;
unconscious
fantasy
dream.
style
is
writing
romance—the
predestined
form
American
narrative;
strong
fairytale
element;
use
imagination;
supernatural
actual;
symbols
setting;
narrative
interest,
ease
transition,
coherence,
complexity;
soft,
flowing,
almost
feminine;
light
touch,
observation;
ambiguity;
giving
reader
many
ways
interpret
story.
2、Themaincontentandsynopsis
TheScarletLetteropenswithalongpreambleabouthowthebookcametobewritten.ThenamelessnarratorwasthesurveyorofthecustomhouseinSalem,Massachusetts.Inthecustomhouse’sattic,hediscoveredanumberofdocuments,amongthemamanuscriptthatwasbundledwithascarlet,gold-embroideredpatchofclothintheshapeofan“A.”Themanuscript,theworkofapastsurveyor,detailedeventsthatoccurredsometwohundredyearsbeforethenarrator’stime.Whenthenarratorlosthiscustomspost,hedecidedtowriteafictionalaccountoftheeventsrecordedinthemanuscript.TheScarletLetteristhefinalproduct.
Thestorybeginsinseventeenth-centuryBoston,thenaPuritansettlement.Ayoungwoman,HesterPrynne,isledfromthetownprisonwithherinfantdaughter,Pearl,inherarmsandthescarletletter“A”onherbreast.AmaninthecrowdtellsanelderlyonlookerthatHesterisbeingpunishedforadultery.Hester’shusband,ascholarmucholderthansheis,sentheraheadtoAmerica,butheneverarrivedinBoston.Theconsensusisthathehasbeenlostatsea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,Hesterhasapparentlyhadanaffair,asshehasgivenbirthtoachild.Shewillnotrevealherlover’sidentity,however,andthescarletletter,alongwithherpublicshaming,isherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.OnthisdayHesterisledtothetownscaffoldandharanguedbythetownfathers,butsheagainrefusestoidentifyherchild’sfather.
TheelderlyonlookerisHester’smissinghusband,whoisnowpracticingmedicineandcallinghimselfRogerChillingworth.HesettlesinBoston,intentonrevenge.HerevealshistrueidentitytonoonebutHester,whomhehassworntosecrecy.Severalyearspass.Hestersupportsherselfbyworkingasaseamstress,andPearlgrowsintoawillful,impishchild.Shunnedbythecommunity,theyliveinasmallcottageontheoutskirtsofBoston.CommunityofficialsattempttotakePearlawayfromHester,but,withthehelpofArthurDimmesdale,ayoungandeloquentminister,themotheranddaughtermanagetostaytogether.Dimmesdale,however,appearstobewastingawayandsuffersfrommysterioushearttrouble,seeminglycausedbypsychologicaldistress.Chillingworthattacheshimselftotheailingministerandeventuallymovesinwithhimsothathecanprovidehispatientwithround-the-clockcare.Chillingworthalsosuspectsthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweentheminister’stormentsandHester’ssecret,andhebeginstotestDimmesdaletoseewhathecanlearn.Oneafternoon,whiletheministersleeps,Chillingworthdiscoversamarkontheman’sbreast(thedetailsofwhicharekeptfromthereader),whichconvinceshimthathissuspicionsarecorrect.
Dimmesdale’spsychologicalanguishdeepens,andheinventsnewtorturesforhimself.Inthemeantime,Hester’scharitabledeedsandquiethumilityhaveearnedherareprievefromthescornofthecommunity.Onenight,whenPearlisaboutsevenyearsold,sheandhermotherarereturninghomefromavisittoadeathbedwhentheyencounterDimmesdaleatopthetownscaffold,tryingtopunishhimselfforhissins.HesterandPearljoinhim,andthethreelinkhands.DimmesdalerefusesPearl’srequestthatheacknowledgeherpubliclythenextday,andameteormarksadullred“A”inthenightsky.Hestercanseethattheminister’sconditionisworsening,andsheresolvestointervene.ShegoestoChillingworthandaskshimtostopaddingtoDimmesdale’sself-torment.Chillingworthrefuses.
HesterarrangesanencounterwithDimmesdaleintheforestbecausesheisawarethatChillingworthhasprobablyguessedthatsheplanstorevealhisidentitytoDimmesdale.TheformerloversdecidetofleetoEurope,wheretheycanlivewithPearlasafamily.TheywilltakeashipsailingfromBostoninfourdays.BothfeelasenseofreleaseandHesterremovesherscarletletterandletsdownherhair.Pearl,playingnearby,doesnotrecognizehermotherwithouttheletter.Thedaybeforetheshipistosail,thetownspeoplegatherforaholidayandDimmesdalepreacheshismosteloquentsermonever.Meanwhile,HesterhaslearnedthatChillingworthknowsoftheirplanandhasbookedpassageonthesameship.Dimmesdale,leavingthechurchafterhissermon,seesHesterandPearlstandingbeforethetownscaffold.Heimpulsivelymountsthescaffoldwithhisloverandhisdaughter,andconfessespublicly,exposingascarletlettersearedintothefleshofhischest.Hefallsdead,asPearlkisseshim.
Frustratedinhisrevenge,Chillingworthdiesayearlater.HesterandPearlleaveBoston,andnooneknowswhathashappenedtothem.Manyyearslater,Hesterreturnsalone,stillwearingthescarletletter,toliveinheroldcottageandresumehercharitablework.ShereceivesoccasionallettersfromPearl,whohasmarriedaEuropeanaristocratandestablishedafamilyofherown.WhenHesterdies,sheisburiednexttoDimmesdale.Thetwoshareasingletombstone,whichbearsascarlet“A.”
V、WhatIhavelearnedandtheremark
1、Myreactiontothebook
ThestoryhappenedinBostonabout200yearsago.Itnarratesloveaffairsbetweenthreepersons,thepunishedwomanHesterPrynnewhowasthedaughterofanancienthouseofdecayedfortune.WhenshewasyoungherfamilyhadmarriedhertoahusbandwhoiscalledRogerChillingworth.Hewasanoldmisshapenmanandadoctor.Noloveexistedbetweenthematall.Andthemanwasthoughttobedeadinashipwreck.So,anothermanwasayoungministercameintoherlife,Dimmesdale,whohadahighpositionamongministersandwashighlyrespectedamonghispeopleintown.HesterandDimmesdalelovedeachother.Buttheirlovewasforbiddenatthattime.Itwassinful.Whatwasworse,Hestergotpregnant,butshecouldnottellotherswhothefatherofthebabywas,becauseshelovedDimmesdaleverymuch.Duetothis,HesterwaspunishedbysocietywithaletterAonherchest,whichwasconsideredasanevilandisalsoashame.
WhileHesterstoodonthescaffold,anelderly,almostdeformedmancameintosight.HewasherhusbandChillingworth.Howevershestillrefusedtonamethefatherofherchild.Hefeltthathewasdishonoredbythemanandsworntodiscovertheidentityoftheman.Andthenhewouldtakerevengeonhim.Later,hebecameDimmesdale’spersonalphysicianandsuspectedthatthepastorwasPearl’sfather.
Onenight,unabletosleep,DimmesdalewalktothepillorywhereHesterhadstoodinignominy.Therethefamilyunited.AndallthesethingswereseenbyChillingworth.KnowingthatChillingworthwouldtakerevengeonhimhecouldnotescape,theministeradmittedhisguilttothewatchingpeopleontheElectionDay.Whenheexposedhisbreast,thestigmaofthescarletletterAwasseenimprintedonthefleshabovehisheart.Later,Chillingworthalsodied,bequeathinghisconsiderablepropertytoPearl.ForatimeHesterdisappearedfromthecolony,butwhenshereturned,thescarletletter,onceherbadgeofshame,becameanemblemofhertendermercyandkindness.Atherdeath,shedirectedthattheonlyinscriptiononhertombstoneshouldbetheletterA.
Inthisnovel,IlikeHesterverymuch.ForHesterwasbraveenoughtofacethecruelreality.Shewasalwayswithamindofcourage.Shehadbeenalonewithherchildforsolong,withlittlecommunicationandshame!
Hopelessness!
Loneliness!
HesterhadtoweartheletterAdayafterday,sevenyearsasforpunishmentandillfame.
Whenawomanhadlivedthroughadifficultexperience,hercharacterchangedagreatdeal.Hester’scharitabledeedsandquiethumilityhadearnedherareprievefromthescornofthecommunity.Theletteronherchestrepresentedherworkonearth,alwayshelpingothers,withoutexpectinganythanks.Thetownspeoplenolongerviewtheletterasapunishment,butratherasrepresentinghergreatstrengthandbraveryandtheysaiditmeant“Able”.
Remark
Hawthorne’suniquegiftwasforthecreationofstronglysymbolismwhichtouchthedeepestrootso
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