英语学习美国常识.docx
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英语学习美国常识.docx
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英语学习美国常识
美国常识
美国常识
美国用餐常识
==============
中国菜着重色、香、味,西餐讲究实惠。
初到美国餐馆用餐,应该注意如下事项:
1)选择合适的餐馆(如:
家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等);
2)餐馆营业时间(上午11:
30开门营业,直到夜晚);
3)一般都应事先预订餐位:
4)到达餐馆后,不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌,除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示;
5)付款时,别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费(一般为实际总额的10%~15%)。
EatingoutisoneofthejoyofbeingintheUSA.Thefoodisusuallygooda
ndoftenexcellent;thepricesarereasonable;andtheserviceismostlyfi
ne.
ChoosingaRestaurant选择餐馆
Somerestaurantsareopenforbreakfast;othersareopentwenty-fourh
oursaday.Anumberofrestaurantscallthemselves"familyrestaurants".Ma
nyoftheseservenoalcoholandhavefairlyrestrictedmenuswhichinclude
steaks,hamburgers,omelettes(炒蛋)andsandwiches,andallareatveryreas
onableprices.Theymayalsoservesmallerandcheaperchildren\'sportios(份
餐).NotethatmanyAmericanrestaurantsare"speciatly"restaurants.They
mayserveonly,ormainly,steaks,seafood,etc.
WhentoEat供餐时间
Manyrestaurants,especiallythemoreexpensiveones,openatabout11
:
30a.m.(midday,ratherthan1p.m.,isthemostnormaltimeforlunchin
theUSA),andsomeremainopenuntiltheevening,soitispossibletoorder
amealthroughouttheafternoon.
Inmanyareasitisusualforpeopletoleaveworkandgooutforane
veningmealat5p.m.or6p.m.,thanwaitinguntillater.
ReservingaTable预订餐位
EatingoutisratherpopularintheUSA.Anditisoftennecessaryto
makeareservation.Youwillsometimesseeshortqueuesofpeoplewaitingfo
rtablesatrestaurants-it\'smorepleasanttowaitinthebar,ofcourse,i
fthereisone-buttherequeuesmorequickly.
ArrivingatRestaurant到达餐馆
Whenyouarriveatmostrestaurant,youshouldnotjustgoinandsit
down-unlessyouseeasignsaying"Pleaseseatyourself".Usuallyyouwill
havetowaitfora"hostess"or"captain"(领班)toescort(陪同)youtoatab
le.Oftentherewillbeasignthatreads"Pleasewaittobeseated".
Donotexpecttoshareatablewithotherparties,eveniftherestaur
antiscrowed.Itjustisn\'tdone.
Manyrestauranthaveano-smokingsection,insomeplacebylows.
OneexcellentAmericancustomisthatafteryouhavesatdownyourwai
terorwaitresswilloftenbringyouaglassorwater(withicenaturally)an
dwillkeeponrefillingitthroughoutthemeal.(MostAmericanareincapabl
eofeatingamealwithoutdrinkingsomethingatthesametime.)
Whenyourwaiterorwaitresstakesyourorder,itisnotverynormalforone
persontoorderforthewholetable.Eachpersonordersseparately,except
inthemostexpensiverestaurants.
Summoningawaiter召唤侍者
Youmayfindyourwaiterunusuallyfriendly.Hemayaskyouhowyouar
e(You\'resupposedjusttosay"Fine"),inquirewhetheryouhaveagoodday
and,lateronsaythathehopesyouwillenjoyyourmeal.
TosummonawaiterinaAmericanrestaurantyoumaycall"Bill",or"M
ary",or"Claude",orwhatever.Waitersandwaitressesoftenactuallyintrod
ucethemselveswhentheyfirstcometoyourtableorwearnametags,youare
permittedtousetheirfirstnames.
PayingtheBill付款
Thebill(oftencalledthe"check")comesusuallywithtaxaddedbutn
oservicechare-thoughsomerestaurantdonowaddaservicecharge.Theetiq
uette(规矩)bookssaythatyoushouldleaveatenpercenttip(小费)forlun
ch,fifteenpercentfordinner.Thetipshouldbecalculatedonthebasiso
fthetotalbeforetheadditionoftax.
Atmanyrestaurantyoucanaskthewaitertobringthebillandthanp
ayatacashdeskonthewayout
--
作者:
Jennifer2005-9-2916:
46:
33)
美国人的酒
==================
酒的种类
美国的酒大致可分为啤酒、鸡尾酒、威士忌和葡萄酒。
啤酒有淡啤酒和浓啤酒之别
;包装采用瓶装、听装和壶装。
鸡尾酒和“混合饮料”含有很浓的酒精成分,饮用方式
一般有加冰和不加冰两种,其配制方式各种各样。
威士忌也是一种烈性酒,而且呈油状
,分为黑麦威士忌和苏格兰威士忌。
葡萄酒分为红、白两种,但值得注意的是:
标有“
Chablis”商标的葡萄酒并非法国所产的无甜味的白葡萄酒,而是美国加利弗尼亚州生产
的白葡萄酒,该酒在美国享有盛誉。
Beer
Americanbeer,withveryfewexceptions,variesfromthemediocre(普通的
)totheterrible.TherearenotmanytypesofbeerintheUS—"light"and"
dark"aretwotermscommonlyused.
Itisthereforenormaltoorderbeersimplybybrandname.Inarestaura
nt,infact,itisquiteallrighttoorder"abeer",andtheywilltellyou
whattheyhave.
Itisnotnecessary,either,tospecifyquantitywhenorderingbeer.If
itcomesinbottlesorcans,youwillgetabottleorcan,andifit\'s"ont
ap"(可以随时取用的)youwillgetaglass,unlessyouordera"pitcher"(有嘴和
柄的大酒罐i.e.ajug).Thelatterisveryconvenientthingtodo,sinceyou
canthentakethejugandglassestoyourtableandkeepfillingupwithout
goingbacktothebar.(Itisharder,however,toknowhowmuchyouhavedru
nk.)
Somebeercomesinbottleswithtopsthatlookasiftheyneedanopener
butyoucan,infact,screw(拧开)themoffbyhand—thoughyouhavetobe
verycarefulnottohurtyourself.Itispossible,insomestoresandbars,
tofindawideselectionofbeerfromallovertheworld,especiallyWestern
EuropeandAustralia,anditisgoodfuntoexperimentwiththese.
Cocktails
Cocktailsand"mixeddrinks"aremuchmorepopularandratherstrongeri
ntheUSAthaninEurope,andvisitorsmaynotbefamiliarwithsomeofthe
terminology(术语)."Ontherocks",asyouprobablyknow,meanswithice,whi
le"straightup"or"up"meansneatandwithoutice.
Therearehundredsofdifferentcocktails,andthereisnospaceheretolis
tallthedifferentnames.
TheHardStuff
InAmerica"whiskey"meansbourbon(一种烈性威士忌酒,最初为美国肯塔基州B
ourbon地区所产)unlessotherwiseindicated.Bourbonisaratheroilyspirit
madefrommaize(玉米).Rye(黑麦威士忌酒)whiskeyiscalled"rye"andScotch
whiskey"Scotch".
Wine
Inbarswinecanoftenbeboughtbytheglass.Don\'tbemisledbynames
suchas"Chablis"isusedtorefertowhitewine,and"Burgundy"tored—Ame
ricansseemnevertohaveheardofwhiteBurgundy.
饮酒与法律
在美国及各州、市、县对饮酒都制定了相关的法律。
顾客要饮酒必须达到法定的年
龄,一般规定在18至21岁以上。
顾客进酒吧时,常需接受保安人员对其年龄进行核实。
此时,只需出示自己的驾照或其他有效证件即可,因为这些证件上注有持证人的出生日
期。
Alcohol(含酒精的饮料)andthelaw
ItisdifficulttogiveadescriptionofAmericanlawsconcerningalcoholbe
causetheyvaryfromstatetostateandcitytocity.Thefollowing,though,
maybenoted.
Sometowns,evenstatearetotallyissoldatallexceptthattheyallowthe
saleofveryweak(3.2percentalcohol)beer,knownas"three-two"beer.Some
placesdonotallowthesaleofalcoholonSundays,eveninshops—youmay
findabarlockedoverthealcoholshelves.Youcanseeitbutnotbuyit!
O
therplacespermitalcoholtobesoldonSundayafternoonsandevenings,but
notonSundaymornings.(Notethatthismeanssaleshavetostopatmidnigh
tonSaturday.)InmanypartsofAmerica,youarenotallowedtodrinkalcoho
linapublicplace.Thatis,youmaynotsitinaparkorwalkalongastreet
drinkingbeer,andyoucannoteventakeanicebottleofwineonyourpicni
c.Insomeplaces,peoplecanbeseentakingdrinksinpublicplacesfromca
nswrappedinbrown-paperbags.ThesearenotcansofCoca-Cola.Andinmany
statesyouarenotallowedtodrinkalcoholwhiledriving,orevenhavean
openedalcoholcontainerinthecar.Somebarshavealicense(执照)onlyfor
beerandwine.Othersarealsoallowedtosellspirits(烈性酒)andthus,as
Americanssay,"mixeddrinks".
Manybarshaveaperiodknownas"happyhour",oftenlongerthananhour,wh
entheyselldrinksatlower-than-usualprices.Thisisusuallyaround5p.m
.andmaybeonlyoncertaindaysoftheweek.
TheLegalDrinkingAge
Legaldrinkingagevariesfromplacetoplacebutisgenerallybetween18to
21.Someplacespermittheconsumption(消费)ofbeerat18butspiritsonly
at21.Otherspermittheconsumptiononlyof"three-two"beerfrom18to21
.(Youngpeoplethereforeoftendrivefromoneplacetoanotherwithmoreli
beraldrinkinglaws.)Inanycase,insomepartsoftheUSAyoungpeopleare
allowedtovote,marry,raosechildren,keepfull-timejobs,betriedinco
urtsasadults,jointhearmyandevenbuyguns—butNOThaveaglassofbee
r.Insomeplacespeopleagedbetween18to21areallowedtogointobarsb
utnotallowedtodrink.AnotherevenmoreinterestingaspectofAmericandri
nking-agelawsisthatinsomeplacespeoplebelowlegaldrinkingageareno
tevenallowedtosellalcohol.
ProvidingProofofYourAge
Inmostplacesthesedrinkinglawsarefairlyrigidlyenforced(严格地实施).
Youmay,forexample,findpeoplelininguptogetintoabaranddiscovert
hatthequeueiscausedbyaguardonthedoorwhoisaskingeverybodyforI
outhatheactuallywantsconfirmation(确认)ofhowoldyouare.Onsuchocc
asionsAmericansoftenshowtheirdrivinglicenses,whichhavetheirdateof
birthwrittenonthem.
--
作者:
Jennifer2005-9-2916:
47:
06)
美国的自行车一族
===================
发信站:
BBS汕头大学郁金香站(FriApr408:
32:
592003),转信
进入本世纪中叶,自行车在美国作为旅行工具已被小车所取代,甚至中学生开始驾车上
学。
现在,美国人在马路上骑的自行车不是为了代步,而是以锻炼身体为目的。
美国的
街道上一般没有自行车专用道,因此,骑自行车时得特别小心才是。
在行驶中,若要转
弯时,需作出相应的手势:
向左转弯伸出左手示意即可,向右转弯时,仍要伸出左手,
弯肘,使前臂与地面形成角度,手臂与头部基本平齐。
Cycling
Whiletherestoftheworldcarriedoncyclingduringthe1950sand1960
s,Americaforgothow;evenhigh-schoolchildrenwoulddrivetoschool.Recen
tlytherehasbeensomethingofarenaissanceincycling,andinmanyareas
itisaveryusefulwayofgettingaround,especiallywherebikepathsorb
ikerouteshavebeenestablished.Youmaywellwanttobuy,hireorborrowa
bike.
Therearetwoimportantconsequences(后果)ofthisearlierdeclineincy
clingintheUSA.Oneisthatmanypeopledonotknowhowtocycle.Thatis
cyclistsoftenbehavemorelikepedestrians(行人)thanmotorists:
theyrid
eonthepavement(人行道)oronthewrongsideoftheroad;theyignorestop
signsandtrafficlights;theyridewithoutlightsatnight;theygivenoha
ndsignal(示意).Theotherconsequenceisthatcyclingis
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