全国高考阅读理解D篇 解析版.docx
- 文档编号:11270644
- 上传时间:2023-05-30
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:26
- 大小:36.51KB
全国高考阅读理解D篇 解析版.docx
《全国高考阅读理解D篇 解析版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《全国高考阅读理解D篇 解析版.docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
全国高考阅读理解D篇解析版
2020年全国高考阅读理解D篇
1.(2020全国新高考1卷)(山东)
AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.
Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.
Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.
Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:
theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.
Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?
12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?
A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?
A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.
14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?
A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.
C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.
15.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?
A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.
C
Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.
【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C
本文是说明文。
最近的研究表明:
我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12题详解】细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知,根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究,我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。
故选D。
【13题详解】词义猜测题。
根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)”可知,现有的研究认为:
你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。
后半句认为,你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。
由contraryto可推断出,画线词和heavierpeople(超重的人)相反,结合选项,D选项(瘦瘦高高的人)正好和heavierpeople正好相反。
故选D。
【14题详解】推理判断题。
根据第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知,为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验。
根据倒数第三段的内容可知,在两个实验中,胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。
参与者也照做,吃的食物比平常多。
然而,当演员是瘦的时候,参与者们服用的食物更多。
由此推断,研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。
故选A。
【15题详解】推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?
”可知,如果一个超重的人吃很大一份,我会忍住一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
但如果一个瘦的人吃很多,我会跟着做。
如果他吃得多保持苗条,为什么我不能呢?
因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法(即:
如何看待他人)来调整影响的。
故选C。
2.(2020全国1卷)
Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.
TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.
Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.
inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.
Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).
Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.
32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.
C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.
33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?
A.Todetectplants’lackofwaterB.Tochangecompositionsofplants
C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.
34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?
A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.
C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.
35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?
B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?
C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?
D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?
【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C
这是一篇说明文。
文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处,因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。
文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程,以及这种植物的一些优势,指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯,达到节约能源的作用。
【32题详解】主旨大意题。
根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如,在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现,城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。
在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效率会提高15%。
由此可知,第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。
故选D。
【33题详解】细节理解题。
根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物,还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。
由此可知,麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。
故选A。
【34题详解】细节理解题。
根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离,从而帮助节约能源。
由此可知,这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。
故选C。
【35题详解】主旨大意题。
根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。
由于照明通常远离电源,例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离,在传输过程中会损失大量能源。
发光的植物可以缩短这段距离,从而帮助节约能源。
结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处,因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物,文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程,以及这种植物的一些优势,指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯,达到节约能源的作用。
由此可知,C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗?
”最符合文章标题。
故选C。
3.(2020全国2卷)
Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.
MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.
AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.
Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!
Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.
Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.
Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.
32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasach
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 全国高考阅读理解D篇 解析版 全国 高考 阅读 理解 解析