现在完成时.docx
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现在完成时.docx
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现在完成时
现在完成时态
现在完成时的构成
have(has)+过去分词
过去分词的构成
Type
original
p.t
p.p
AAA
cut
cut
cut
hit(撞击)
hit
hit
cost
cost
cost
hurt
hurt
hurt
Put(放)
put
put
read
read
read
ABB
meet
met
met
keep
kept
kept
make
made
made
bring
brought
brought
buy
bought
bought
think
thought
thought
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
lend
lent
lent
spend
spent
spent
find
found
found
hear
heard
heard
build
built
built
ABC
begin
began
begun
sing
sang
sung
drink
drank
drunk
swim
swam
swum
speak
spoke
spoken
choose
chose
chosen
know
knew
known
forget
forgot
forgotten
break
broke
broken
drive
drove
driven
give
gave
given
eat
ate
eaten
write
wrote
written
ABC
see
saw
seen
go
went
gone
take
took
taken
ride
rode
ridden
wake
woke
waken
grow
grew
grown
draw
drew
drawn
hide
hid
hidden
现在完成时的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--It’ssodark.
--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:
现在很黑)
--Areyoufree?
--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词.常与since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间,sofar等时间状语连用。
IhavelearntEnglishformorethan
tenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.
我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.
IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?
(我曾去过颐和园)
Ihaveneverhadacar.
(我从未有过汽车。
)
现在完成时的时间状语
◆常与①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks⑩thesedays,⑾since
⑿foralongtime
连用
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用,这些动词是:
①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,
⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。
●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。
become→be,begin→have,
borrow→keep,buy→have,
come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…,
die→bedead,finish→beover,
join→bein…(beamemberof…)
leave→beaway(from…),
●但在否定句中,短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。
如:
Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.
我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.
她来这儿还没有一个小时。
翻译练习:
1.我买了这块手表五年了。
Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.(F)
Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since
5yearsago.(T)
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.(F)
Theoldmanhasbeendeadforten
years/since10yearsago.(T)
3.他已经回来三天了。
Hehascomebackfor3days.
Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3
daysago.
4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。
Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.
Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.
5.我离开家乡已十年了。
Ihavelefthometownfor10years.
Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10
years.
havebeen与havegone的用法比较
havebeento意思是“到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。
havegoneto意思是“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”
HassheeverbeentoNanjing?
她曾去过南京吗?
Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?
你以前从未去过那儿,是吗?
IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwentthere
lastyear.
我去过桂林,我去年去的。
ShehasgonetoNanjing.
她已经去南京了。
与一般过去时的用法比较
一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情,但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系(如现在的结果,影响,一直延续到现在等);而一般过去时,则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
eg:
HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinese
dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。
HeboughtanEnglish-Chinese
dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。
第一句用现在完成时时态,想表达意为:
“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典,现在他还有这本字典”。
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实,至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
二.当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时,不用现在完成时,而用一般过去时:
eg:
Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.
但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。
eg:
Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.
三.常与一般过去时连用的典型的
表示过去时间的状语:
yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),
justnow(刚才),时间+ago,
last+时间等;
Theplanetookofftenminutesago
Wefinishedourtasklastweek.
用动词正确时态填空:
1.-------you-------(clean)theroom?
Yes,we--------(do)thatalready.
When-------you-------(do)it?
We-----(do)itanhourago.
2.------he-----(see)thisfilmyet?
Yes.
When-------he-----(see)it?
He-------itlastweek.
3.Howmanytimes------you------(be)there?
4.I--------(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.
5.She------(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?
Yes.
How-------she-------(go)there?
She----------(go)therebyair.
6.Sofar,manycountries------------(develop)
theirsoftwareprograms.
7.MrChen-------(give)upsmokinglastyear.
8.MrChen-----------(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.
选用for和since填空:
1.Wehaven’tseeneachother-----alongtime.
2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty-------10yearsago.
3.Thefilmhasbeenon------20minutes.
4.MrGreenhasworkedhere-----hecametoChina.
5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead--------severalyears.
6.It’sfiveyears--------wemetlasttime.
用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空
1.Mikeandhisparents----------thenorthforhalfayear.
2.Mumisnotathomenow.she----------theshop.
3.---------youever--------tokunming?
Never.
4.Where-------you--------thesedays?
5.HasJimarrivedyet?
Yes,he----------hereforseveraldays.
6.WhereisPeter?
Idon’tknowwherehe--------------.
7.HiJim!
Where---------you---------?
LiLeiislookingforyou.
选择题
1.Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.
Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned
2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
---Yes,italldependsontheweather.
AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold
3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.
----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.
AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe
4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.
A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet
5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?
-----I______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.
AwasplanningBhaveplanned
ChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning
6.--Whenwilltheyleave?
---They______verysoon.
AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave
7--Washestudyingforanexam?
--Yes,he's____itlastweek.
AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive
8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.
AisBwouldCwasDwere
9.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.
AwasneverreadingBwillneverread
ChadneverreadDhasneverread
10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______
AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts
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