英语六级听力真题及答案第套.docx
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英语六级听力真题及答案第套.docx
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英语六级听力真题及答案第套
Documentserialnumber【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】
英语六级听力真题及答案第套
Section?
C
Directions:
?
In?
this?
section,?
you?
will?
hear?
three?
recordings?
of?
lectures?
or?
talks?
followedby?
three?
or?
four?
questions.?
The?
recordings?
will?
be?
played?
only?
once.?
After?
you?
hear?
aquestion,?
you?
must?
choose?
the?
best?
answer?
from?
the?
four?
choices?
marked?
A,?
B,?
C?
andD.?
Then?
mark?
the?
corresponding?
letter?
on?
Answer?
Sheet?
1?
with?
a?
single?
line?
throughthe?
centre.
Questions?
16?
to?
18?
are?
based?
on?
the?
recording?
you?
have?
just?
heard.
16.?
A)?
About?
half?
of?
current?
jobs?
might?
be?
automated.
B)?
The?
jobs?
of?
doctors?
and?
lawyers?
would?
be?
threatened.
C)?
The?
job?
market?
is?
becoming?
somewhat?
unpredictable.
D)?
Machine?
learning?
would?
prove?
disruptive?
by?
2013.
17.?
A)?
They?
are?
widely?
applicable?
for?
massive?
open?
online?
courses.
B)?
They?
are?
now?
being?
used?
by?
numerous?
high?
school?
teachers.
C)?
They?
could?
read?
as?
many?
as?
10,000?
essays?
in?
a?
single?
minute.
D)?
They?
could?
grade?
high-school?
essays?
just?
like?
human?
teachers
18.?
A)?
It?
needs?
instructions?
throughout?
the?
process.
B)?
It?
does?
poorly?
on?
frequent,?
high-volume?
tasks.
C)?
It?
has?
to?
rely?
on?
huge?
amounts?
of?
previous?
data.
D)?
It?
is?
slow?
when?
it?
comes?
to?
tracking?
novel?
things.
Questions?
19?
to?
21?
are?
based?
on?
the?
recording?
you?
have?
just?
heard.
19.?
A)?
The?
engineering?
problems?
with?
solar?
power.
B)?
The?
generation?
of?
steam?
with?
the?
latest?
technology.
C)?
The?
importance?
of?
exploring?
new?
energy?
sources.
D)?
The?
theoretical?
aspects?
of?
sustainable?
energy.
20.?
A)?
Drive?
trains?
with?
solar?
energy.
B)?
Upgrade?
the?
city's?
train?
facilities.
C)?
Build?
a?
new?
ten-kilometre?
railway?
line.
D)?
Cut?
down?
the?
city's?
energy?
consumption
21.?
A)?
Build?
a?
tank?
for?
keeping?
calcium?
oxide.
B)?
Find?
a?
new?
material?
for?
storing?
energy.
C)?
Recover?
super-heated?
steam.
D)?
Collect?
carbon?
dioxide?
gas.
Questions?
22?
to?
25?
are?
based?
on?
the?
recording?
you?
have?
just?
heard.
22.?
A)?
The?
lack?
of?
supervision?
by?
both?
the?
national?
and?
local?
governments.
B)?
The?
impact?
of?
the?
current?
economic?
crisis?
at?
home?
and?
abroad.
C)?
The?
poor?
management?
of?
day?
centres?
and?
home?
help?
services.
D)?
The?
poor?
relation?
between?
national?
health?
and?
social?
care?
services.
23.?
A)?
It?
was?
mainly?
provided?
by?
voluntary?
services.
B)?
It?
mainly?
caters?
to?
the?
needs?
of?
the?
privileged.
C)?
It?
called?
for?
a?
sufficient?
number?
of?
volunteers.
D)?
It?
has?
deteriorated?
over?
the?
past?
sixty?
years.
24.?
A)?
Their?
longer?
lifespans.
B)?
Fewer?
home?
helpers?
available.
C)?
Their?
preference?
for?
private?
services.
D)?
More?
of?
them?
suffering?
serious?
illnesses.
25.?
A)?
They?
are?
unable?
to?
pay?
for?
health?
services.
B)?
They?
have?
long?
been?
discriminated?
against.
C)?
They?
are?
vulnerable?
to?
illnesses?
and?
diseases.
D)?
They?
have?
contributed?
a?
great?
deal?
to?
society.
16.?
A
17.?
D
18.?
C
19.?
D
20.?
A
21.?
B
22.?
D
23.?
A
24.?
C
25.?
B
RecordingOne
HereismybabynieceSarah.Hermomisadoctorandherdadisalawyer.BythetimeSarahgoestocollege,thejobsherparentsdoaregoingtolookdramaticallydifferent.
In2013,researchersatOxfordUniversitydidastudyonthefutureofwork.Theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshasahighriskofbeingautomatedbymachines.
Machinelearningisthetechnologythat'sresponsibleformostofthisdisruption.It'sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificialintelligence.
Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandcopysomeofthethingsthathumanscando.Mycompany,Kaggle,operatesonthecuttingedgeofmachinelearning.
Webringtogetherhundredsofthousandsofexpertstosolveimportantproblemsforindustryandacademia.
Thisgivesusauniqueperspectiveonwhatmachinescando,whattheycan'tdoandwhatjobstheymightautomateorthreaten.
Machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustryintheearly'90s.Itstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks.
Itstartedwiththingslikeassessingcreditriskfromloanapplications,sortingthemailbyreadinghandwrittenzipcodes.
Overthepastfewyears,wehavemadedramaticbreakthroughs.Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar,farmorecomplextasks.
In2012,Kagglechallengeditscommunitytobuildaprogramthatcouldgradehigh-schoolessays.Thewinningprogramswereabletomatchthegradesgivenbyhumanteachers.
Now,giventherightdata,machinesaregoingtooutperformhumansattaskslikethis.Ateachermightread10,000essaysovera40-yearcareer.
Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes.Wehavenochanceofcompetingagainstmachinesonfrequent,high-volumetasks.
Buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescannot.Wheremachineshavemadeverylittleprogressisintacklingnovelsituations.
Machinescan'thandlethingstheyhaven'tseenmanytimesbefore.Thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearningisthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata.Buthumansdon't.
Wehavetheabilitytoconnectseeminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblemswe'veneverseenbefore.
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.WhatdotheresearchersatOxfordUniversityconclude
17.WhatdowelearnaboutKagglecompany'swinningprograms
18.Whatisthefundamentallimitationofmachinelearning
Recording2
We'vetalkedrecentlyabouttheimportanceofsustainableenergy.We'vealsotalkedaboutthedifferenttheoriesonhowthatcanbedone.
Sofar,ourdiscussionshaveallbeentheoretical.NowIhaveapracticalquestionforyouall.
Canyouruna140,000kilogramtrainonjustthesteamgeneratedbysolarpowerWell,oneengineer,TimCastleman,believesit'spossible.
AndhishomecityofSacramento,Californiashouldseethetechnology'sfirsttest.
Aspartoftheupgradingofitsrailyard,Castleman,whoisaninventorandself-proclaimedsteamvisionary,iscampaigningforanewsteamtrainthatrunswithoutanyfireandcouldrunonanexistingten-kilometreline,drawingtouristsandperhapsofferingcitycommutersagreenalternativetotheircars.
Castlemanwantstobuildanarrayofsolarmagnifyingmirrorsatoneendofthelinetocollectandfocusheatontowater-filledtubes.
Thiswouldgeneratesteamthatcouldbeusedtofilltanksonasmallsteamtrainwithouttheuseoffire.
"Supplyingpowertotrainsinthiswaywouldoffertheshortestdistancefromwelltowheels,"hesays,"withtheleastamountofenergylost."
AccordingtoHarryValentine,aCanadianengineerwhoisresearchingmodernsteamtechnology,aspecialtankmeasuring2by10metrescouldstoreover750kilowatthoursofenergyashigh-pressuresteam,enoughtopulla2-cartrainforanhourorso.
Energytodriveasteamlocomotivecanbestoredinothermaterialsbesideswater.
Forexample,ateamatTohokoUniversityinJapanhasstudiedmaterialsthatcanstorelargeamountsofheat.
Whenheated,thesematerialsturnedfromasolidintoaliquidabsorbingenergyastheychangephase.
Theliquidismaintainedaboveitsmeltingpointuntilsteamisrequired,atwhichpointtheliquidisallowedtoturnbackintoasolid,releasingitsstoredenergy.
AnotherteamatNagoyaUniversityinJapanhastestedcalciumcompoundasanenergystoragematerial.
Heatingthischemicalcompounddrivesoffcarbondioxidegas,leavingcalciumoxide.Thegascanbestoredunderpressureinatank.
Torecovertheenergy,thegasisfedbackoverthecalciumoxide."Intheory,"saysValentine,"thiscancreateahighenoughtemperaturetogeneratesuperheatedsteam."
Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
19.Whathasthespeakerpreviouslytalkedabout
20.WhatisTimCastlemantryingtodoinSacramento
21.WhathasaJapaneseresearchteamtriedtodo
Recording3
Today'scrisisincareforolderpeopleinEnglandhastwomaincauses.
First,peoplearelivinglongerwithalotmorecomplexneeds.
Second,theyrelyonasystemthathaslongbeenmarkedbyapoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcareservices.
Currentservicesoriginateintwokeymeasures.TheyaretheNationalHealthServiceandthe1948NationalAssistanceAct.
Thisrequiredlocalgovernmentstoprovideresidentialaccommodationforolderpeopleandsupervisecarehomesrunbyindependentorganizations.
Theyalsoprovidedhomeandcommunityservices,includingmeals,daycentresandhomehelpersandothersubsidizedservices.
TheNationalHealthServicewasfreeandwhollypubliclyprovided.Itdeliveredthebesthealthcareforall.
Nosuchvisionguidedresidentialandcommunitycarethough.
Thecarewassubstantiallyprovidedbyvoluntaryserviceswhichworkedtogetherwithlocalauthoritiesastheylonghad,witheligibilitybasedonincome.
Today,lifeexpectancyhasrisenfrom66foramaleatbestin1948toaround80now.Inaddition,thereisbetteroverallhealthandimprovedmedicalknowledgeincare.
Thismeansanunprecedentednumberofpeoplearesurvivinglongerinconditionsrequiringexperts'support.Familiesprovideatleastasmuchcareastheyeverdid.
Evenso,theycanrarely,withoutsubsidizedsupport,addressseriouspersonalneeds.Careforolderpeoplefacedpersistentcriticismasthesetrendsbecameapparent.
Fromtheearly1960s,localauthoritieswererequiredtoplanhealthandwelfareservices.Theaimwastoenableolderpeopletoremainintheirownhomesforaslongaspossible.
Butthisincreasedconcernaboutthelackofcoordinationbetweenfreehealthandpaid-forsocialcare.Throughthe1970s,anumberofmeasuressoughttoimprovematters.
However,atatimeoffinancialcrisis,fundingdiminishedandlittlechanged.Inthe1980s,thegovernmentcutspending.
Meanwhile,preferenceforprivateoverpublicservicesmademanagementevenmoredifficult.Simultaneously,thenumberofsickolderpeoplegrew.
Governmentsemphasizedtheneedtoimproveservices.Theydidso,though,whiledoinglittletostoptheerosionofavailableaid.Serviceswere
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