最新整理英国文学史复习资料教程文件.docx
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最新整理英国文学史复习资料教程文件.docx
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最新整理英国文学史复习资料教程文件
英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks
.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofa
heroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
Artisticfeatures:
1.Usingalliteration
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵)
SomeexamplesonP5
2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement(保守的陈述)
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的,广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)
A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGower
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
③
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
●
TheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology(占星术)
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?
(B)
A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteria
C.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
1.UsingSpenserianStanza(诗的一节)
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter(五步抑扬格),andlastlineiniambichexameter.
Thethemeistolament(哀悼)overthelossofRosalind.
③
2.ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
3. FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions(暗示,提及),metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4. BenJonson
5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)
A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestina
C.terzarimaD.blankverse
③
6. WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
FourComedies:
③FourTragedies:
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
The17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
Epics:
Dramaticpoem:
< SamsonAgonistes>力士参孙
④
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.
2. JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
ReligionaryAllegory(寓言):
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thediction(用语,措词)issimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
Artisticfeatures:
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
Valediction(告别演说,告别辞):
The18thCentury:
Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
Arevival(复兴)ofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
1. AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
2.(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland....
Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?
(C)
A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift
Artisticfeatures:
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
2. SamuelJohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
Dictionary=
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
④
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular(方言的),andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
1.ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
2.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,tempered(磨练)bynumeroustrials(考验)inhiseventfullife.
3.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
④
5.HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
novels:
plays:
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
poems:
novel:
7. RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
8.WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdread(恐惧)andoiolence
9.RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
●
TheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
T
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