TheGoodEarth.docx
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TheGoodEarth.docx
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TheGoodEarth
이름:
최도
과목:
미국소설
담당교수:
김민회교수님
학번:
20115003
TheChinieseSpiritinPearS.Buck’s《Thegoodearth》
Abstract
PearlS.Buck,asacontroversialAmericanwomenwriter,wrotemanyworksaboutChinaanditspeople,especiallythoseinthecountryside.ThescholarsinChinadotheirresearchfromdifferentperspectivesinvolvingculturalconcordance,ecologyawareness,Buck’sChinesecomplexorlandcomplex.In1938,Mrs.BuckwontheNobelPrize,beingthefirstfemalewinnerinAmerica,atthesametime,sheisalsoanadvocatoroffeminisminwordsandindeeds.Sheisconcemedaboutfarmerandwomen’sproblemsinChina.Inherworks,shealsoexplorstheirfate,statusandself-realization.
InChina,peoplehavemadestudiesonherfromdifferentangles,whichisaspecialcontributionto“studiesonPearlBuck.”StudyontheChinesecultureinMrs.Buck’sworksisofhistoricmeaning,althoughacontroversialone.AsaChinesereaderIwillchoosepartsofthecharactersthattheycanreflecttheChineseSpirit,todiscusstheChinesecultureinthisnovel.
Keywords:
PearlS.Buck,TheGoodErath,ChineseSpirit.
Introduction
TheChinaspiritisabstract.ThisspirithasexperiencedfivethousandyearsofChinesehistory.TheChinesepeoplecannottalkaboutit,butalwaysintheirmind.Andinthisspirit,theConfucianismisthemostimportant.ConfucianismhadbeenemployedbyEmperorsandotherrulerstorulepeopleinfeudalsocietysinceHanDynasty.Althoughithasundergonealotofupsanddowns,ConfucianthoughtshavebeenrootedinChinesepeople’smind.UptillnowmostChinesepeoplestillliveundertheinfluenceofsomeConfucianprincipleswhetherconsciouslyorunconsciously.AndmostChinesepeoplehavethiskindofChinesespiritintheirlives.
Mrs.BuckgrewupinChina,andshewastaughtbyaConfucianteacherduringherchildhood,soshewasinevitablyinfluencedbyChinesepeopleandChineseculture.ItisunavoidablethatConfucianismfounditswayintoMrs.Buck’sChinesework:
TheGoodEarth.ThisworkdepictedChinesepeople’slivesatthebeginningof20thcenturywhenConfucianismstillhadastronginfluenceoncommonpeople.AndhowdidMrs.BuckpresentedandinterpretedConfucianismandChinaSpiritinherworkisaninterestingtopic.
Thestoryof《TheGoodEarth》:
WangLungisapooryoungfarmerlivingintheruralnorthChina.Hegetshiswife,O-Lan,fromawealthylandownersfamily,whereshelivesasaslave.Throughhardwork,WangLungearnsenoughmoneytobuylandfromtheHwangfamily.Duringthedevastatingfamineanddrought,theyselleverythingexpectthelandandthehouse,andthenfacethelongjourneysouth.Whileinthecity,O-LanandthechildrenturntobeggingwhileWangLungpullsarickshaw.WangLunglongstoreturntohisland.Whenafoodrioterupt,WangLungjoinsamobthatislootingarichman’shouseandamanwhofearsforhislifeandgivesWangLungallthemoneyhehas.Meanwhile,hiswifehadstolenjewelsfromanotherhouse,hidingthemwithherclothes.AsWangLungbecomesmoreprosperouse,hislifechangesalot.WangLungandhisfamilymoveintotownandrenttheoldhouseofHwang.HebuysaconcubinenamedLotusandseldomgoestotheland.Hismalignantuncleandhiswifeandsonmovein.LaterO-Landiesofillness.Attheendofthenovel,WangLungoverhearshissonsplanningtosellthelandandtriestodissuadethem.Theysaythattheywilldoashewishes,butsmileknowinglyateachother.
ChapterOne:
Thecharacters’ChineseSpirit
1.1:
Themaincharacters
∙WangLung—apoor,hard-workingfarmerbornandraisedinasmallvillageofAnhwei.Heistheprotagonistofthestoryandsuffershardships.HefollowsmoralsandChinesetraditionssuchasfilialpietyanddutytofamily.Believesthelandisthesourceofhappinessandwealth.HelaterbecomesaverysuccessfulmanandpossessesalargeplotoflandwhichhebuysfromtheHouseofHwang.Ashislifestylechangeshestopscaringabouthisownlifeandhebuysamistress.
∙O-Lan—firstwife,usedtobeaslaveinthehouseofHwang.Awomanoffewwords,sheissimplemindedbutnonethelessisvaluabletoWangLungfortheskillssheacquiredpreviously.Sheisconsideredplainorugly;herfeetarenotbound.Sheishardworkingandself-sacrificing.
∙WangLung'sfather—desiresgrandchildrentocomforthiminhisoldage,becomesexceedinglyneedyandchildishasthenovelprogresses
∙Ching
ChingisafarmerandneighborofWangLung.Heisasmallandquietmanwithaface“likeanape’s.”Honestanddecent,ChingisashamedofthefactthatduringthefaminehejoinedwiththemobthatwenttoWangLung’shousetosteal.HetookahandfulofWangLung’sbeans,butonlybecausehischildwasstarving.Ashortwhilelater,ChinggivesWangLungsomedriedredbeanstoatoneforhisactions.Duringthefamine,
Ching’swifedies,andheisforcedtosellhisdaughtertoasoldiertosaveherlife.WhenWangLungreturnsfromthecity,hehelpedWangLung,andthenbecametheleaderofWang’slandfarmers.
Therearemanyothercharactersinthisnovel,butIwilldiscusstheChinesecultureandtheChinesespiritthroughthesekeycharacters.
1.2:
expressioninthenovel:
InChapterone,WangLunggothiswifeO-LanfromHwang’sfamily.Therearethiswordsbeforehewasmarried.:
“Theoldmancontinuedtocoughperseveringlyandwouldnotceaseuntilthewaterboiled.WangLungdippedsomeintoabowl,andthen,afteramoment,heopenedaglazedjarthatstooduponaledgeofthestoveandtookfromitadozenorsoofthecurleddriedleavesandsprinkledthemuponthesurfaceofthewater.Theoldman’seyesopenedgreedilyandimmediatelyhebegantocomplain.
‘Whyareyouwateful?
Teaislikeeatingsilver.’
‘Itistheday.’repliedWangLungwithashortlaugh.‘Eatandbecomforted.’
Theoldmangraspedthebowlinhisshriveled,knottyfingers,muttering,utteringlittlegrunts.Hewatchedtheleavesuncurlandspreaduponthesurfaceofthewater,unabletobeardrinkingthepreciousstuff.
‘Itwillbecold.’SaidWangLung.”
FromthiswordsthatWangLungwithhisfather,wecanseethattheChinesetraditionalculture—thefilialpiety.
InConfucianideals,filialpiety(Chinese:
孝,xiào)isavirtueofrespectforone'sparentsandancestors.TheConfucianclassicXiaoJingorClassicofXiào,thoughttobewrittenaround470BCE,hashistoricallybeentheauthoritativesourceontheConfuciantenetofxiào/"filialpiety".Insomewhatgeneralterms,filialpietymeanstobegoodtoone'sparents;totakecareofone'sparents;toengageingoodconductnotjusttowardsparentsbutalsooutsidethehomesoastobringagoodnametoone'sparentsandancestors;toperformthedutiesofone'sjobwellsoastoobtainthematerialmeanstosupportparentsaswellascarryoutsacrificestotheancestors;notberebellious;showlove,respectandsupport;displaycourtesy;ensuremaleheirs,upholdfraternityamongbrothers;wiselyadviseone'sparents,includingdissuadingthemfrommoralunrighteousness;displaysorrowfortheirsicknessanddeath;andcarryoutsacrificesaftertheirdeath.
Inthisnovel,mostisWangLung’sfilialpietytohisfather.Andtohissongs,Ithinkhehadnotmakeagoodeducationtothem,wecanknowthatfromthelastpartsofthenovle.TomostChinesepeople,thefilialpietyisafamilyeducation,andinChinesesociety,filialpietywasseenasveryimportanttraditionalcultureandtraditionalspirit.ThefilialpietycultureisveryimportantpartofChinesefivethousandyearshistory,andtherearemanystoriesinhistory.
Exceptthefilialpiety.Themostchaptersofthisnovelexpressthemostimportantthemeofthiswork.Itisaboutland,loveandthehopeontheChinesegoodearth.FortheChinesepeople,thelandhaveveryspecialemotion.BecauseofChinaisaagriculturalcountry,mostpeoplearefarmers,generationaftergeneration,thelandisfarmer’slife.Farmerswillgetfood,money,house,happiness,proudandpleasedfromhisland.Sothelandmakethemgrowup,andmakethemmoreandmoreindustrious,becauseiftheydonot,theywillgetnothing.SointhousandyearsChinesehistory,theindustriousisaveryimportantspiritofChinesepeople.WecanseeitfromtheChinesefarmer’sblackeyes,theyellowfaceandthestrongbody.Theydonotknowthatbythemselvesbutthisspiritalwaysflowingintheirblood.AndthenIwillexpoundthisspiritthroughplotpointsofthenovel.
"Nothingcouldstopthemassofhungrymenandwomenandtheyfoughtlikebeastsuntilallwerefed.WangLungcaughtintheirmidstcoulddonothingbutclingtohisfatherandhistwosonsandwhenhewasswepttothegreatcaldronheheldouthisbowlandwhenitwasfilledthrewdownhispence,anditwasallhecoulddonottostandsturdilyandnotbesweptonbeforethethingwasdone."—fromTheGoodEarth
TheGoodEarthisastoryofthecycleofsuccessandfailureinafamilythatseems,likeWangLungintheabovequote,tobeswirlinginthegreatcaldronoffate.NosoonerhavethemaincharactersWangLungandO-lanmarried,startedtheirfamilyandsecuredamodestplotoflandforthemselves—alloftheharbingersofasuccessfulandstableexistence—beforethetumultoftheworldunseatstheyoungfamilyandcaststhemadrift."Thechildren'sbellieswereswollenoutwithemptywind,andoneneversawinthesedaysachildplayinguponthevillagestreet.AtmostthetwoboysinWangLung'shousecrepttothedoorandsatinthesun,thecruelsunthatneverceaseditsendlessshining.Theironceroundedbodieswereangularandbonynow,sharpsmallboneslikethebonesofbirds,exceptfortheirponderousbellies."(p.77).
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