雅思作文课堂笔记.docx
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雅思作文课堂笔记.docx
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雅思作文课堂笔记
Opening模版句型
1Thegraph(s)andchart(s)tell/illustrate/display/explainto/show/unfolds/giveusa
clearpicture/overview/ofthecharacteristicsandtrendsof__________.
2Asisshown/displayed/revealedinthegraph(s)andchart(s)(respectively),the
numbers/amounts/percentagesof_____surged/fluctuated/differed/varied
dramatically/(comparatively)gently/graduallyfrom___to___/during___and___.
3Itcanbeseen/Itisclearfromthetable(s)/diagram(s)/figure(s)that______.
4Accordingtothechart(s)andgraph(s),____________________.
5Aglanceatthe______of______reflectsgreatsimilarities/differences/surge/dip
between___and___.
Example:
AThisbarchartdisplaysthenumberofmenandwomenenrolledinfuture
educationinBritainduringthreeperiods.
BItisimmediatelyapparentfromthediagramthatin1970theprofessionsin
Malaysiawerealmosttotallydominatedbymen.
CAsisrevealedinthediagram,thenumberofhoursperweekspentonunpaid
workisunequallydistributedbetweenmenandwomen.
DAccordingtothebarchart,thenumberofmenandwomenenrolledinhigher
educationinBritainshowanumberoftrends.
EAglanceatfourindicatorsofeconomicandsocialconditionsinfourcountries,
Canada,Japan,PeruandNetherlands,in2001reflectsthegreatdifferencesthat
existbetweenwealthierandpoorernations.
VItfluctuated
四种必备句型
1.from…to…/during…and…
用于任意两个无特征性数字
2.withina(large/small)rangeof…
用于两个差值为十、百、千的整数
3.reachingapeakat(statistics)in(year)andbottomingoutat(statistics)in(year)
第一种方法的复杂版,通过表示伴随状况的从句揭示最高最低点
4.2+3
此句为小作文的必备句,每次都会用到
表示超过的单词补充
1.exceed/surpass/overtake(后面直接跟数字):
Thefinalcostshouldnotexceed5milliondollars.
2.outnumber/outscore(指一种事物的数字超过另一种数字,后面不直接跟数字):
Inourofficethefemalesoutnumberthemales:
5to3.
3.outweigh/outperform:
(指价值超过另一种事物):
Theadvantagesoutweighthedrawbacks.
with介词状语后置的用法
•Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower.
•Buthydropowercontributedonly5units.
•Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower,withhydropowerwhichcontributedonly5units.
•真题例句:
Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower,withhydrocontributingonly5units.
with介词状语后置的用法:
练习
•Thesecausesaffecteddifferentregionsdifferentlyinthe1990s.
•Europehadasmuchas9.8%ofdegradationduetodeforestation.
•Thesecausesaffecteddifferentregionsdifferentlyinthe1990s,withEuropewhichhadasmuchas9.8%ofdegradationduetodeforestation.
•真题例句:
Thesecausesaffecteddifferentregionsdifferentlyinthe1990s,withEuropehavingasmuchas9.8%ofdegradationduetodeforestation.
E.g.Between1940andaround1960,theproportionofelderlypeopleintheWesterncountriesshowed/sawanupwardtrend,with(thatof)Swedenincreasingmorerapidlyfromabout7%to9%whilethefigureforJapanexperienced/witnessedadownwardtrend,decreasingrapidlyfrom5%toonly3%.
~~With介词状语后置的主要用途是它可以把很多有相似性的数值归纳在一起(前半句),并突出其中有特点的一些数值(后半句)
Table
以图十六为例
首先确定表格题描写的顺序。
Fivetechnicalmethodsoflistingstatisticseffectivelyand
multifariously
Extreme极端数字举例法
ThegeneraltrendofthevisitsabroadbyUKresidentsforholidayrosecomparativelydramatically,reachinganapexat20,700in1998andhittingatroughat14,898in1995.
.
Range围法
VisitsabroadbyUKresidentsforbusinessboomedwithinasmallrangeofapproximately800.
.
Average平均值举例法
VisitsabroadbyUKresidentsforotherreasonsroseandfellevenly,averagingoutatnearly1000.
.takeanaverageat
Strikeabalanceat
Similarity类比法
Thisisthesimilarcasewiththetrend/statisticsofTOTAL
类比的四种句型:
Thisisthesimilarcasewith…
Thisistrueof…
Sodoes…
Thiscanbeparalleledwith…
Contrast反比法
Thisistheoppositewiththetrend/statisticsof
反比的三种句型:
Thisistheoppositewith…
Thisisconversewith…
Thisiscontraryto…
表格题的审题顺序----首先,在表格左边空白区域标上trend编号
见图十七
表格题审题顺序:
1)确定写作顺序(横?
纵?
)10sec
2)表格审题编号——先趋势,后数据
✧在表格左边空白区域标上trend编号30sec
✧写出alltrends那句话(总分句)2min
✧在表格右边空白区域进行数据方法的编号2-3min
✧进行数据的描写10min
(纵向比较结果)
Alltrendscanbecategorizedinto4groupswithfallinginitemssuchasFood,risinginitemsincludingHousing,fluctuatinginHouseholdgoodsands,andstabilizinginOtheritems.
Transportandcommunicationssoared,reachinganapexat16%in1997andhittingatroughat9%in1967.Householdgoodsandswasvolatiledramaticallywiththevertexin1997andthenadirin1977.
Furthermore,therewasasubsidinginOthergoodsands,rangingfrom8%to14%.
Alcoholicdrinkreachedaplateauat7%from1967to1977,followedbyasuddenslumpto4%in1997,thiswasalmostparalleledwiththetrendofFuel,lightandpower.
Similarly,thetrendofHousingaccruedfrom1967to1997withanaverageof14in1977.ThiswasalmostthesimilarcasewiththetrendofRecreation,entertainmentandeducation,whichwastheoppositewiththatofTobacco.
WhatisworthmentioningisthatOtheritems,notmakingitsdebutuntil1977,remainedconstantfrom1977to1997.
ThetablebelowshowsthenumberofmarriagesanddivorcesintheUKfrom1950to2000.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
UK
Marriages&Divorce
(thousands)
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Numberoffirstmarriages
330
336
389
279
241
180
Numberofre-marriages
78
58
82
140
Numberofmarriages
408
394
471
419
376
306
Numberofdivorces
33
26
63
160
168
155
Thenumberoffirstmarriageswas330thousandin1950,increasingsteadilyforthefollowingtwodecadesandpeakingat389thousandin1970.However,fromthenon,itexperiencedasharpfalltothousandin2000,thelowestofthewholeperiod.Similarly,thenumberofre-marriagehadgenerallyincreasedfrom78thousandin1950toapeakof140thousandin1980,thoughitslowestpoint(58,000)reachedin1960.Thefollowingdecadefrom1990to2000witnessedaninsignificantdecreasetothousand.Sincemarriageareasumoffirstmarriagesandre-marriages,itcanbeclearlyseenthatthetrendofmarriagessawanoveralldrop,withitsrecordlow(306,000)in2000,aboutathirdlessthanitspeak(471,000)in1970.
Incontrasttothegeneraldownwardtrendofmarriages….
见图十八
首先确定写作顺序,然后标出趋势编号
Alltrendscanbecategorizedinto3groupswithrisinginAgricultureofBritain,ComputerIndustryandFinanceofChina,fluctuatinginComputerIndustry,Finance,ManualLabourofBritainandManualLabourofChina,andfallinginAgricultureofChina.
表格题比较原则:
有可比点的比,没有可比点的不要比
“可比点”表示差异性
“没有可比点”表示同质性(similarity)或不相关性(irrelevancy)
横向比较结果:
InBritain,ManualLabourwasthelargestindustrydrawingemployees,whilemostpeopleinChina,wereengagedinAgriculture.
纵向比较结果:
Agriculturewitnessedaconversetrendinaspectofemploymentforbothcountries.InChina,ComputerIndustryandFinancewerepronetobeboomingindustries.
Paragraph1
•Thepiechartshowsthattherearefourmaincausesoffarmlandbecomingdegradedintheworldtoday.转述题目
•Globally,65%ofdegradationiscausedbytoomuchanimalgrazingandtreeclearance,constituting35%and30%respectively.(分词状语后置)
•Afurther28%ofglobaldegradationisduetoover-cultivationofcrops.
•Othercausesaccountforonly7%collectively.(features)
Paragraph2
•承上启下:
Thesecausesaffecteddifferentregionsdifferentlyinthe1990s,withEuropehavingasmuchas9.8%ofdegradationduetodeforestation,(介词状语后置)whiletheimpactofthisonOceaniaandNorthAmericawasminimal,withonly1.7%and0.2%oflandaffectedrespectively.(介词状语后置)
•Europe,withthehighestoverallpercentageoflanddegraded(23%),(介词做插入语)alsosufferedfromover-cultivation(7.7%)andover-grazing(5.5%).
•Incontrast,Oceaniahad13%ofdegradedfarmlandandthiswasmainlyduetoover-grazing(11.3%).
•NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedlandatonly5%,andthemaincausesofthiswereover-cultivation(3.3%)and,toalesserextent,over-grazing(1.5%).
Conclusion
Overall,itisclearthatEuropesufferedmorefromfarmlanddegradationthantheotherregions,andthemaincausesthereweredeforestationandover-cultivation.总结
BarChart
CompareandContrast(SummaryandAnalysis)
GrammaticalAccuracy
HiddenCharacteristic
柱状图本质上就是前三种图的柱状形式
下面请看图十九
1)三饼图
2)四根曲线图
Alltrendscanbecategorizedinto3groupswithfluctuatinginbus,risingincarandfallinginbikeandfoot.
3)3X4的表格题
Thiswasthesimilarcasewiththetrendoffoot.
总结:
题型本质上分为两种——动态图和静态图
动态图最好用曲线图(天龙八部+Alltrends)的整体写作模式
静态图则是静态表格(纯比较)的写作模式
柱状图的要求:
1)充分的比较(共性)和对比(差异),文字性的部分可以多一点,不必局限在每一种题型的要求上。
2)语法要求较高:
对于主语的要求和句式的多样性(60%的柱状图为静态图)
3)对于隐藏特征的开发(适用于所有类型的图)
隐藏特征:
隐藏在数据背后的客观性事实。
A隐藏——不明显,有别于主体段(body)的容
B客观性事实——有数据支持的现象,不同于个人观点
C隐藏特征在结尾段写
隐藏特征的默认格式:
Whatisworthmentioningisthatsince(原因——数据支持),itindicatesthefactthat(结论——文字总结)Whatisworthmentioningisthatsincetheoverallpercentagesexceeded100%,itindicatesthefactthatsomeadultschoseseveralreasonsforstudy.
Task1高分的关键:
一变换多端的wording和句式、体系
二清晰宏观的分类(ALLTRENDS)
三有力得体的隐藏特征(HC)
找隐藏特征方法
1通过百分比去找
>100%.Somepeoplechooseseveralreasonsfor….
<100%Thereexistsomeotherfactors/reasonsunlisted/unmentioned.
2抓住反义词,出现一组或几组反义词,通过对比可以找出abnormalstatistics
3debutstatistics,凡是有空着的数据就可以用这个写:
notmakeitsdebutuntil(year)
只出现在柱状图和表格图中,饼图和曲线图基本没有
4既定趋势及特征,雅思中有一些图很明显地对未来是大势所趋的。
以图十二
Thenewsourceofenergy,especiallynuclearwasgivenfullplaywhilethetraditionalones,thoughstilldominant,reachedthebottleneck/ceilingtosomeexten
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