The CE Translation of the Tourist Attractions Introduction under Skopostheorie.docx
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The CE Translation of the Tourist Attractions Introduction under Skopostheorie.docx
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TheCETranslationoftheTouristAttractionsIntroductionunderSkopostheorie
Contents
TheC-ETranslationoftheTouristAttractionsIntroductionunderSkopostheorie
Abstracts:
TheC-Etranslationofthetouristattractionsintroductionplaysanenormousroleinpromotingtourismandattractingforeignvisitors.However,therearestillmanyproblemsdespitegreatimprovementsinrecentyearsinC-Etranslationoftouristattractionsintroduction.Sohowtoimprovethequalityoftourismtranslationisasubjectwithpracticalsignificance.BasedonSkopostheorie,thisthesisanalysestheenlightenmentofSkopostheorietotheC-Etranslationoftouristattractionsintroduction,andstudiestheproblemsintheC-Etranslation,aimingatdiscoveringpropertranslationstrategiestoimprovethetranslationquality.
Keywords:
touristattractionsintroduction;translationquality;Skopostheorie;translationstrategy
摘要:
中文旅游景点介绍的英译对我国对外宣传、吸引国外游客有着重要的作用。
然而,我国的旅游景点介绍的英译虽然有一定的发展,但依然存在着不少问题。
因此,如何有效的提高旅游景点介绍的英译质量是一个具有现实意义的研究课题。
本文以翻译目的论为理论基础,分析目的论对我国旅游景介英译的指导作用,联系实例探讨中文旅游景点介绍英译中存在的问题,以期在目的论的指导下找到比较理想的翻译策略,提高景点介绍的英译质量。
关键词:
旅游景点介绍;翻译质量;目的论;翻译策略
1.Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicandculturalglobalization,thetourismindustrystepsintoanewera.Tourismisbecomingoneofthemostpowerfulindustriesinthe21stcentury.TherichtourismresourcesofChinainculture,historyandnatureattractagrowingnumberoftouristsfromaroundtheworld.AccordingtoWorldTourismOrganization,Chinawillbeatoptourismdestinationwithaboutonehundredandthirtymillioninternationaltouristsin2020.TheprospectforChinesetourismisverypromising.
Atthesametime,Englishisauniversallanguage.TranslationoftouristattractionsintroductioninEnglishismuchmorethanthatinotherlanguages,suchasJapanese,GermanandFrench.Tosomeextent,C-Etranslationoftourismservesasa“window”forforeignerstoknowaboutChina.However,atpresent,manyEnglishversionsofChinesetourismtextsarepoorlytranslatedwhichleadtocommunicationbreakdownormisunderstandingsamongforeigntouristsandfailtoachievethefunctionasintended.So,inordertopromotethedevelopmentofChinesetourismandimproveChina’sinternationalcompetition,anin-depthstudyonC-Etranslationoftouristattractionsintroductionisinurgentdemand.
2.TheStructureoftheThesis
Thisthesiscontainsfourchaptersasfollows:
ChapteronegivesaliteraturereviewofSkopostheorie,whichconsistsoftwoparts:
OneisthegeneralinformationofSkopostheorie,andtheotheristheenlightenmentofSkopostheorietoC-Etourismtranslation.
Chaptertwoistheapplicationofthetheorytopractice.ThiselaboratesthefeasibilityandapplicabilityofSkopostheorietotheC-Etranslationoftourismattractionsintroduction.FirstisthefunctionandpurposeoftheC-Etranslation.Secondistheprincipleofthetranslation.ThirdistheproblemintheC-EtranslationwithintheframeworkofSkopostheorie.Inthischapter,theauthorwillcitesomeexamplestoanalyzetheproblemsinC-EtranslationtoprovethefeasibilityandapplicabilityofSkopostheorietoC-Etourismtranslation.
ChapterthreeproposesthetentativeapplicationofC-Etranslationontourism,inotherwords,translationstrategiesontheguidanceofSkopostheorie
Intheconclusion,theauthoroffersasummaryofthewholethesis,andgivessomesuggestionsfortheC-Etranslationoftouristattractionsintroduction.
2.1TheDevelopmentandProspectsofTourism
WiththedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationandChina'saccessiontoWTO,China'stourismindustryaswellasthevarioustourism-relatedindustrieshasacceleratedthepaceofopeninguptofurtheroptimizeChina'stourismenvironment,sothatthetourismindustryhasbeengreatlydeveloped.Since2001,China'stourismindustrymaintainedarapiddevelopmentmomentum.AccordingtotheNationalTourismBureaudatashow,in2009China’stotaltourismrevenuewasaboutRMB1.26trillion,whichhasagrowthof9%comparedwiththatof2008.
AccordingtotheWorldTourismOrganizationpredicts,by2020,Chinawillbecomethelargesttouristdestinationintheworldwide.ThenumberoftouristsEastAsiaandtheAsia-Pacificregionreceivewillreach438million,ofwhichtherewillbenolessthan137millioninternationaltouriststraveltoChina,thatistosay,intheinternationalmarketChinawillaccountfor31%atleastinthisregion.Then,thetourismtotalrevenuewillmakeagreatcontributiontotheGDP,whichwillriseto8%intheGDP.
2.2TheSignificanceofTourismtotheNationalEconomy
Tourismisacomprehensivepublicactivityonthebasisoftheculturalandeducationalexchanges,whichinvolveseconomic,social,politicalandotheraspects.Asoneofthethirdindustry,itsfundamentalpurposeistoreaprevenuesbypromoteserviceandtourism.Insomedevelopedcapitalistcountries,theoutputvalueoftertiaryindustryaccountsforover70%oftotaloutput.Infact,tourismhasbecometheworld'slargesteconomicsectorsandplaysanincreasinglyprominentroleinthesocio-economicactivities.
Tourismisaneconomicactivityessentially,especiallyfromthepointthatthebusinessarisingfromtourism,economicimpactandtherelatedinvestment,management,etc.Tourismplaysaprominentroleinadjustingtheeconomicstructure,promotingthedevelopmentofthemarketandincreasingemployment,etc.AccordingtoChina'stourismdevelopment"EleventhFive-YearPlan",by2010,tourismwillbecomeanimportantindustryofournationaleconomy.Bythen,thenationaltourismvalueaddedisexpectedtoaround4.5%ofGDP,accountingfor10%ofnationalvalueaddedservices.By2020,thenationaltourismvalueaddedisexpectedtoaccounttoabout6%ofGDP.
2.3TheCurrentSituationoftheC-ETranslationofTourisminChina
Thedevelopmentoftheforeigntouristsstimulatesthedevelopmentoftranslationoftourism.Tosomeextent,thetranslationoftheC-Etranslationoftouristattractionshasanot-baddevelopment,buttheredomanyproblemsexistinC-Etranslationoftourism.“OnlyafewenterprisesinChinaareabletoofferEnglishOnlineTravelService.TheirOnlineTravelguide,however,isnotreadable.”(JinHuikang,2007:
34).What’smore,sometravelcompaniesortravelagencies,donotprovidefliers,pamphlets,brochuresortourismsketchesinforeignlanguages.AllthesearenotinaccordancewithChina’spositionintheworld—anationwithtoptourism.
Nomatterthetouristbrochures,leafletsortravelguidesandintroductionsinnewspapersoronwebsites,moreorless,theredohavesomeproblems.ManyEnglishversionsofChinesetouristtextsalepoorlytranslated,whichleadtocommunicationbreakdownormisunderstandingsamongforeigntouristsandfailtoachievethefunctionasintended.
3.TheIntroductionofSkopostheorie
SkoposisaGreekwordfor“purpose”.Skopostheorie,asthenameimplies,appliesthenotionSkopostotranslation,theprimeprincipledetermininganytranslationprocessisthepurpose(Skopos)oftheoveralltranslationaction.(Nord,27)
SkopostheorieorfunctionaltranslationtheorycomesintobeinginGermanyinthelate1970s.KatharinaReiss-thefounderofSkopostheorieintroducedafunctionalcategoryintoher‘objectiveapproachtotranslationcriticism’.Reissholdsthatidealtranslationisakindofinternalcommunicativeperformance,“inwhichtheaimintheTL(targetlanguage)isequivalenceasregardstheconceptualcontent,linguisticformandcommunicativefunctionofaSL(sourcelanguage)text”.(Nord,9)
AsReiss’sstudent,HansJ.VermeersetsupSkopostheorie.Skopotheorieisthecoreandplaysamajorroleinthedevelopmentoffunctionalism.InVermeer'sopinion,linguisticsalonecannotsolveallthetranslationproblems;heconsiderstranslationasatypeofhumanaction,anintentionalandpurposefulbehaviorthattakesplaceinagivensituation.Accordingly,hedevelopedtheSkopostheorie:
“Anyformoftranslationalaction,includingthereforetranslationitself,maybeconceivedasanaction,asthenameimplies.Anyactionhasanaim,apurpose.”(Nord,12).Inthisframeworkofthistheory,oneofthemostimportantfactorsdeterminingthepurposeofatranslationistheaddressee,whoistheintendedreceiveroraudienceofthetargettextwiththeirculture-specificworld-knowledge,theirexpectationsandtheircommunicativeneeds.
OnthebasisofVermeer’sSkopostheorie,JuntaHolzManttarimovesawayfromthetraditionalconceptoftranslationfurtherthanVermeer.Shefurtherdevelopsfunctionalistapproachtotranslation.Byevenavoidingtheterm“translation”inthestrictsense,shepreferstouse“messagetransmitters”.Inhermodel,translationisdefinedas“acomplexactiondesignedtoachieveaparticularpurpose’’inamuchbroadersensethananyotherprevioustranslationtheories(Nord,13).
ChristianNordintroducesthe“functionplusloyalty”modelintofunctionalism.Nord'sadherencetoSkopostheriemeanssheranksTTpurposeaboveallotherdeterminantsonatranslation.ForNord,theSkoposisamoreorlessexplicitdescriptionoftheprospectivetargetsituation
3.1Touristattractionsintroduction
AlthoughSkopostherieisprofoundandsomehowcomplex,as“acomplexactiondesignedtoachieveaparticularpurpose”(Nord,13)itisnotjustdescriptive.Thefunctionalapproachoffersatheoreticassistancefortranslationpractice,especiallyappliedtranslation.Asatypicalappliedtranslation,C-Etourismtranslationbenefitsagreatdealfromthisfunctionalapproach.
First,inthetranslationprocess,atranslatorshouldbearC-Etourismtranslationasacross-culturalcommunicativehumanactioninmindandtryhisorherbestto
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