1英语自考高起本 英美文学 一考通 大题背记副本.docx
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1英语自考高起本 英美文学 一考通 大题背记副本.docx
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1英语自考高起本英美文学一考通大题背记副本
Chapter1TheRenaissancePeriod
1.0WhatdidShakespearecriticizeinhisplays?
Theconscientiousplaywrightcriticizedvariouskindsofhumanvicesandsins,likegreed,betrayal,pride,prejudiceanddeception,includingactsofsocialinequality,sexualandracialdiscriminationsinplayssuchasTheMerchantofVeniceandTheTempest.
Inhistragedies,hecondemnedthehypocrisy,treacheryandgeneralcorruptionattheroyalcourt.Hedoesnothesitatetodescribethecrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofthecivilwars,againstreligiouspersecutionandthecorruptinginfluenceofmoneyandgold.
InKingLear,hecriticizedthebourgeoisegoismwhilehefearedanarchy,hatedrebellionanddespiseddemocracy.(P28)
2.0WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightstheworldhaseverknown.
A.Namehisfourgreatesttragedies.
B.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthefourtragediesincommon?
C.Brieflysummarizeeachhero’sweaknessofnature.
A.Shakespeare'sfourgreatesttragediesareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.
B.Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.
C.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature:
Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;Othello'sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldkingLearisunwillingtototallygiveuphispower;andMacbeth'slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.(P33)
3.WorkingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism,MiltonwroteParadiseLost,intendingtoexposethewayofSatanandto“justifythewaysofGodtomen.”WhatisMilton’sfundamentalconcerninParadiseLost?
AtthecenteroftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualdutyliesMilton'sfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoice.Thethemeisthe"FallofMan,"i.e.man'sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise.InthefallofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfullhumanity.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMilton'screed.(P7)
IV.论述题
1.ShakespeareisthemasterofEnglishdrama.Hewrotealltogether38playsinhislife.Discussthefourperiodsofhisdramaticcareer.
ThefirstperiodofShakespeare'sdramaticcareerwasoneofapprenticeship.Hewrotefivehistoryplays(e.g.HenryV),fourcomedies(e.g.TheComedyofErrors).
Inthesecondperiod,Shakespeare'sstyleandapproachbecamehighlyindividualized.Hewrotefivehistories(e.g.HenryIV),sixcomedies(e.g.TheMerchantofVenice)andtwotragedies(e.g.RomeoandJuliet).
Histhirdperiodincludeshisgreatesttragedies(e.g.Hamlet)andhissocalleddarkcomedies(e.g.MeasureforMeasure).
Thelastperiodincludeshisprincipalromantictragicomedies(e.g.TheTempest).(P30)
2.0HamletisoneofShakespeare’sgreattragedies.TrytoanalyzethecharacterHamlet.
Hamletisneitherafrailandweakmindedyouthnorathoughtsickdreamer.
Hehasnoneofthesinglemindedbloodlustoftheearlierrevengers.Itisnotbecauseheisincapableofaction,butbecausethecastofhismindissospeculative,soquestioningandsocontemplativethataction,whenitfinallycomes,seemsalmostlikedefeat.
Trappedinanightmareworldofspying,testingandplotting,andapparentlybearingtheintolerableburdenofthedutytorevengehisfather'sdeath,Hamletisobligedtoinhabitashadowworld,tolivesuspendedbetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Hislifeisoneofconstantroleplaying,examiningthenatureofactiononlytodenyitspossibility,forheistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger.(oblige
BycharacterizingHamlet,Shakespearesuccessfullymakesaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath.Hamletisalsoahumanist,amanwhoisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions.Hehasanunboundedlovefortheworldratherthanheaven.Hecherishesaprofoundreverenceformanandafirmbeliefinman'spoweroverdestiny.(P34)
3.0BrieflydiscussWilliamShakespeare’sartisticachievementsincharacterization,plotconstructionandlanguage.
A.Shakespeare’smajorcharactersareneithermerelyindividualonesnortypeones;theyareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.Byemployingapsycho-analyticalapproach,Shakespearesucceedsinexploringthecharacters'innerworld.Shakespearealsoportrayshischaractersinpairs.Contrastsarefrequentlyusedtobringvividnesstohischaracters.
B.Shakespeare’splaysarewell-knownfortheiradroitplotconstruction.Shakespeareseldominventshisownplot;instead,heborrowsthemformoldplaysorstorybooks,fromancientGreekorRomansources.Inordertomaketheplaymorelivelyandcompact,hewouldshortenthetimeandintensifythestory.Thereareusuallyseveralcluesrunningthroughtheplay,thusprovidingthestorywithsuspenseandapprehension.
C.Shakespearecanwriteskillfullyindifferentpoeticforms,suchasthesonnet,theblankverseandtherhymedcouplet.Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom.Hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheoldwordsalsocreatesstrikingeffectsonthereader(P36)(rhyme,blank,verse)
4.0AccordingtothesettingofthepoemParadiseLost,discussthetheme,theauthor’sintentiontocreateitandtheimplicationthatthepoemexpresses.
A.ThethemeofthepoemParadiseLostisthe"FallofMan",i.e.man'sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise,withitsprimecause-Satan.
B.Theauthor'sintentiontowritethispoemistoexposethewaysofSatanandto"justifythewaysofGodtomen".
C.Inthispoem,theauthorimplicitlyexpresseshisfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoiceandhisbeliefthattheunquestionabletruthofBiblicalrevelationmeansthatanallknowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandEvetobetemptedandoftheirfreewilltochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishment.(P71)
Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod
1.(12年真题)(P102)Intothisfenceorfortress,withinfinitelabour,lcarry'dallmyriches,
allmyprovisions,ammunition,andstores,ofwhichyouhavetheaccountabove;andl
mademealargetent.which.topreservemefromtherainsthatinonepartoftheyearare
-veryviolentthere,lmadedouble,viz.onesmallertentwithin,andonelargertentaboveit,
andcoveredtheuppermostwithalargetarpaulinwhichIhadsavedamongthesails.
Questions:
A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthenovelfromwhichthispassageistaken.
B.Whoisthenarrator?
C.Whatarethenarrator'scharacteristicsandwhomdoesherepresent?
1[答案]A.FromDanielDefoe'sRobinsonCrusoe.
B.RobinsonCrusoe.
C.Robinsonisatypical18thcenturyEnglishmiddle-classman,withagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy,courage,patienceandpersistenceinovercomingobstaclesinstrugglingagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment.Heistheveryprototypeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.(P102)(capacity)
2.(P109)"MygentlenessandgoodbehaviourhadgainedsofarontheEmperorandhiscourt,
andindeeduponthearmyandpeopleingeneral,thatIbegantoconceivehopesofgetting
mylibertyinashorttime.Itookallpossiblemethodstocultivatethisfavorabledisposi-
tion.Thenativescamebydegreestobelessapprehensiveofanydangerfromme.Iwould
sometimesliedown,andletfiveorsixofthemdanceonmyhand.Andatlasttheboysand
girlswouldventuretocomeandplayathide-and-seekinmyhair."
Questions:
A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthebook.
B.Howmanypartsdoesthebookcontain?
Whatpartisthisexcerpttakenfrom?
C.Whatisthesettingofeachpartinthebook?
D.Whois"l"inthisexcerpt?
Andwhatisthisexcerptabout?
2.O[答案]A.TheauthorisJonathanSwiftandthetitleofthebookisGulliver'sTravels.
B.Thebookcontainsfourpartsandthisexcerptistakenfromthefirstpart.
C.ThesettingofthefirstpartisLilliput;thesettingofthesecondpartisBrobdingnag;thesettingofthethirdpartisFlyingIslandandthesettingofthefourthpartisHouyhnhnmland.
D."I"isGulliver.InthisexcerpthegivesanaccountofsomeaspectsofLilliputianlifeandobviouslyalludestothesimilarridiculouspracticesortricksoftheEnglishgovernment.(P109)(allude,imply)
3.(P123)"Shenosoonercamehomethanshesentforthegamekeeper,andorderedhimtobringhisdaughtertoher;sayingshewouldprovideforherinthefamily,andmightpossiblyplacethegirlaboutherownperson,whenherownmaid,whowasnowgoingaway,hadlefther."
.Questions:
A.Identifythetitleandtheauthor.
B.Whatstorydoesthenoveltell?
3.O[答案]A.HenryFielding'sTomJones.
B.ThestorytellsaboutTom,thetitularheroofthestory,whoisaboyfoundinMr.Allworthy'shouseandbroughtuptherewiththekindoldman'snephewBlifil.Thelatter,ahypocritical,wreckedman,isenviousofMr.Allworthy'sfondnessforthefoundlingandofTom'sintimacywiththebeautifulSophia,daughterofthewell-offsquireWestern.HeplayssometrickssothatMr.AllworthydrivesTomoutofthehouse.Tom,intendingtogotosea,wronglytakestheroadtoLondon,andSophia,inrebellionagainstherfather’sdesirethatshebemarriedtoBlifil,marchesoutforLondontoo,accompaniedbyhermaid;Thetwoyoungpeople,especiallyTom,havemanyadventuresontheroad,butintheend,aftersomemisunderstandingbetweenthem,theyarehappilyunited.(P123)(envious)
IIIGiveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.
1.(09年真题)(P81)ListatleasttwoleadingneoclassicistsinEngland.WhatdidNeoclassicistscelebrateinlite
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