新概念英语第三册笔记第40课.docx
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新概念英语第三册笔记第40课.docx
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新概念英语第三册笔记第40课
Lesson40Who'swho真假难辨
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
hoax[həʊks]n.骗局,戏弄(v.捉弄,欺骗)(小孩说“狼来了”)
(Afalsewarningofdanger,mischievoustrickplayedonsbforajoke)
playahoax/trickonsb.戏弄
playajokeonsb.开玩笑Theboystudentisthinkinghowtoplayahoaxonhisclassmate.
abombhoax声称有炸弹的骗局
hoaxcall:
atelephonecallthatgivesfalseinformation电话骗局
eg.Dickey’sprivatecollectionofmodernpaintingswasnothingbutahoax.
coax[kəʊks]v.(耐心地)说服(vt.哄;哄诱;慢慢将…弄好vi.哄骗;劝诱)
(topersuadesbtodosththatoneisnotwillingtodobytalkingtohiminakind,gentle,andpatientway)
coaxsbintodoingsth
coaxsboutofdoingsth
eg.Themothercoaxedthebabyintoasoundsleep.
fooln/v(n.傻瓜,愚人vt.欺骗,愚弄,戏弄vi.开玩笑,犯傻)
makeafoolofsb愚弄某人,欺骗某人
eg.Heisnofool.eg.Theirstrongaccentcouldn’tfoolanativespeaker.当地人一听就知道他们是外地的。
trickn./v.
1)戏法,把戏,圈套
magictrick魔术
2)诡计,圈套,恶作剧
playatrickonsb对某人搞恶作剧
adirtytrick/arottentrick恶意的玩笑
tricksbintodoingsth骗,坑(todeceivesomeoneinordertogetsthfromhimortomakehimdosth)
eg.Mumtrickedmeintotakingthemedicine.
tricksboutofsth
eg.Thecorporationwastrickedoutof$20million.
deception[dɪ'sepʃ(ə)n]n.欺骗,骗局(指无关紧要的欺骗,有时也指利已的不诚实行为)
Shereferredtothepillsassweet,sotheharmlessdeceptionmadeiteasyforherchildtotakethem.
deceit[dɪ'si:
t]强调一个人对另一个的故意欺骗(指歪曲实情,惯于说谎或蓄意欺骗。
)
Weareincapableofdeceit.
fraud一般用于犯罪行为的欺骗,通常指政治或经济活动中的舞弊行为。
trickery语气上比deception严厉,着重指有步骤的诡计以追求私利
Hehadgainedcontrolofthecompanybytrickery.
deceive[dɪ'si:
v]v.欺骗;行骗
deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。
如:
Theboydeceivedtheteacherbylying.
cheat欺骗,常用词,主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。
trick哄骗,表示耍手段进行欺骗,强调在行骗时使用计策,有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。
如:
Tomcleverlytrickedhismotherintoapproval.
self-respectinga.自重的
self-taughtadj.自学的
self-confidence自信←→self-distrust不自信
eg.Worry,fear,self-distrust忧虑,恐惧和不自信
self-reliant[rɪ'laɪənt]adj.自力的reliant依赖的;依靠的(rely的形容词)berelianton
reliableadj.可靠的;可信赖的
self-contained独立自足的(donotneedhelporresourcesfromoutside.);设施独立的(独门独户的指毋须与他人共享厨房、厕所等))注意:
独立自主是independent
aself-containedflat独立的公寓
self-sacrifice自我牺牲
indulge[ɪn'dʌldʒ]v.使沉迷(toletyourselfdoorhavesththatyouenjoy,especiallysththatisconsideredbadforyou)(1、做某事或者于某物,2、引出对象的介词用in)
indulgeoneselfin尽情享用,沉溺于==beindulgedin
Hewasindulgedinsmokinganddrinking.Heindulgedhimselfinsmokinganddrinking.
indulge的第二个语义是“纵容”“迁就”(spoil)(中国话惯孩子)
Sheindulgesheronlyson.
abandononeselftosth放纵,放肆,尽情(tofeelanemotionsostronglythatyouletitcontrolyoucompletely)
eg.Heabandonhimselftogrief他不胜悲痛。
(恣意,忘情)
abandononeselftoalcohol酗酒
taketosb/taketodoingsthattendto照看,照料
1)likesb/doingsth开始喜欢上…
eg.Hetooktoheratthefirstsight.
2)tostartdoingsthasahabit开始有…习惯,开始上瘾
eg.Allthisbadnewsisenoughtomakehimtaketodrinking.就这个坏消息足以让他借酒消愁。
eg.Ihavetakentogettingupat6andgoingjogging.
pneumatic[nju:
'mætɪk]a.气动的(2、充气的)(workedordrivenbycompressedair)
pneumaticdrill风钻
pneumatictires充气轮胎
pneumaticpump气泵
pneumaticbrake空气制动器;电动气动制动器;气闸;气刹
pneumonia[nju:
'məʊnɪə]肺炎atypicalpneumonia[eɪ'tɪpɪk(ə)l;æ-]非典型的
drilln.钻(n.训练;钻孔机;钻子;播种机;演习(操练)vi.钻孔,钻探;训练vt.钻孔;训练;条播)
drill侧重进行有系统的,严格和重复的练习(消防演习afiredrill军事演习amilitarydrill)
training普通用词,泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。
practice指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。
exercise主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼,也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。
pneumaticdrill气钻参考水钻(高压水枪,金属可以切割)广泛用应用于家电制造,房屋装修,汽车船舶制造,航空航天工业制造及维修行业,功率大,无火花,在高瓦斯矿井中,尤其能体现其安全性。
sillya.无意义的,无聊的
1)notsensible愚昧的,愚蠢的,不明智的
asillythingtodo做了一件蠢事,说了一句蠢话/asillythingtosay
eg.Ileftmykeysathome,whichwasaprettysillythingtodo.
2)无聊的,没有意义的
playasillyjokeonsb同某人开无聊的玩笑
3)notpractical不实用的
foolish强调愚蠢的,笨的,不明智的Iremonstratedhimnottodoanythingfoolish.
Silly表示无意义的,无聊的,无知的Beingcalledsillyisnotcompliment.Don'tplaysuchasillyplay.
stupid强调人及言行缺乏良好的判断力,及一般的智能(主要指天生迟钝)Hissonisasstupidasall.
dull指理解迟钝,或健康状况不佳、工作过度而导致的缺乏敏锐的头脑
Theoldman'shearinghasbecomedull.Sheisadullgirl.表示人很呆
advance.预先的,事先获得的
advanceinformation预先获得的信息/inadvance提前
v./n./adj.
1)tomoveforward向前
eg.Thetroopsadvancedontheenemy.部队朝敌军开进。
2)todevelopandimprove发展,提升
eg.Amonthhaspassedandtheinvestigationhasnotadvanced.一个月过去了,调查毫无进展。
3)givesomeonemoneybeforetheyhaveearnedit预支(薪水)
eg.Hebeggedhisbosstoadvancehimasalaryforamonth.
inadvance;before,beforehand
bookatableinadvance
aheadoftime/aheadofschedule提前
(earlierthanplanned)
makepreparationsinadvance预先做好准备/makepreparationsinanticipation
advanceadj.
givenormadeinadvance
advanceplanning预先计划advancewarning预先警告advancebooking预定
advancepayment预付款advanceinformation事先通报advancetroops先头部队
anadvanceagent先遣人员,打前站的
advancedadj.高深的,先进的
advancedweapon先进的advancedinyears上年纪(长的着急,在年龄上处于领先地位)
archway['ɑ:
tʃweɪ]n.拱形门楼
arcaden.有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)[ɑ:
r’keɪd]
本意是:
拱廊,连拱廊==有拱廊的街道==商场,游乐中心;
arc[ɑ:
rk](几何)弧;弧(度/型);天穹;电弧,弧光。
vi作弧形运动;呈弧形;形成电弧
TheAleutianchainisalongarcofislandsintheNorthPacific[ə’lu:
ʃən]
remonstrate['remənstreɪt]v.规劝,告戒(非常正式的用词)
remonstratesb.todosth.
remonstratewithsbabout/on/upon/oversth
eg.Hisparentsremonstratedwithhimabouthisbadhabits.
eg.Thepoliceremonstratedwiththecarelessdriverwhowon’tlistentoreason.
demonstratev.
1)toshowsthclearlybygivingproofsorexamples证明
eg.Recentfindingsclearlydemonstratedthatcalendarscameintobeingwiththeadventofagriculture.
2)tomarchthroughthestreetswithalargegroupofpeopleinordertoprotestagainststhopenly游行示威
demonstrateagainst游行反抗
eg.LargecrowdsdemonstratedoutsidetheAmericanembassyagainstracialdiscrimination.
illustratev.(用实物,例子,图片)阐明,解释,表明;显示(tobeanexamplewhichshowsthatsthistrue)
eg.Theteacherillustrateshislessonwithamap.abeautifullyillustratedbook插图设置非常漂亮的一本书。
ironicallyadv.讽刺地
eg.Ironically,hebrokehisleftlegonapieceoficewithhisrightonestillinplaster.
eg.Ironically,shefinallyfoundthatshefellinlovewiththemanwhosheheldincontempt.
ironicadj.讽刺的;反话的(usingwordsthatareoppositeofwhatyoureallymean,especiallyinajokingway)
eg.Astherainlasheddown,mymother’soneironiccommentwas:
”Anidealdayforawedding”.
irony讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事(eg:
运用反讽的手法)
ironist讽刺家;讽刺作家
sarcasticadj.讽刺的(贬)(挖苦的;尖刻的,辛辣的)(thataretheoppositeofwhatyoumeaninordertomakeanunfriendlyjoke)
asarcasticreplyasarcasticsmile
Sarcastic表示苟刻伤人的讽刺和嘲笑:
.通常是直接性的
Ironic意味着一种微妙的间接表达出来的讽刺:
.通常是间接性的(反话,一个相反的结果)
permissionn.许可(允许,准许)(sir,permissiontoexecutehim)
asksb.forpermissiontodosth
give/grantsb.permissiontodosth
askpermissionfromsb
permit[pə'mit]n./v.(toallowsthtohappen,especiallybyanofficialorderordecision)
permitsbsth
permitsbtodosth
eg.Myparentswon’tpermitmeaccesstoyou.
eg.Themillionairewon’tpermithisdaughtertomarryatramp.
permitof容许
eg.Thesituationpermitsofnodelay形式紧迫,刻不容缓
['pə:
mit]n.许可证
driver’spermit驾驶证workpermit工作许可证exportpermit出口证
drivinglicense驾驶证practicelicense营业执照
permissionn.
grant[grɑ:
nt]v.同意,准予(特别指官方的同意和许可)(togive,especiallyofficialpermissiontodosth)
(v.(合法地)授予,允许;(勉强)承认,同意n.(政府)拨款,补助;授予,给予;正式授予)
grantsbpermissiontodosth同意,给予,答应…请求
eg.Thepolicegrantedhimpermissiontohaveaninterviewwithhisfamily.
takeit/sth/sbforgranted理所当然的认为…
eg.Thenoblemantookitforgrantedthatallmenareathisservice.
Text课文
Who’swho《世界名人录》isthetitleofareferencebookcontainingshortbiographiesofprominentpeople.
eg.Idon’tknowwhoiswhointheclass.
Ithasneverbeenexplainedwhyuniversitystudentsseemtoenjoypracticaljokesmorethananyoneelse.
Ithasneverbeenexplainedwhy…why连接副词引起主语从句(在上节课我们强调了it做形式主语的主语从句,为了引出更加丰富,复杂的表达形式)
thereisnoknowingwhy…没法知道,理解…的原因(注意这种形式,虽然是名词,但表达的意思是动作)
eg.Ithasneverbeenexplainedwhyyounggirlswouldliketomarryrichmenadvancedinyears.上年纪
Itisindicatedthat…被表明(相反意思的句型)
Itisillustratedthat…/Itisdemonstratedthat…被证明
eg.ItisillustratedthatheavypollutionhasgivenrisetoaworldwideGreenHouseEffect.温室效应
Itispredictedthat有人预言Itisexpectedthat预计
Itisproposedthat建议Itisfoundthat被发现
eg.Ithasbeenfoundthattheobscuredmaid-servantwasreallythehero’smother.
practicaljoke恶作剧
Studentsspecializeinaparticulartypeofpracticaljoke:
thehoax.
specialize1、在某事上有专长,特长2、详细说明3、使特殊化,使专门化specialization专门研究
specializein专门从事,专门研究,专攻,专长,专修
eg.Hemadeuphismindtospecializeincontractlaw.
engagein:
totakepartorbecomeinvolvedinanactivity从事(某活动),参与
eg.Myfriendengagedindetectivestorywriting.
Invitingthefirebrigadetoputoutanonexistentfireisacrudeformofdeceptionwhichnoself-respectingstudentwouldeverindulgein.
putoutfire扑灭,熄灭(注意对象)
putoutacigaretteputoutalightputoutalamp
feelputout/beputout(tofeelupsetoroffended)恼火
eg.Wewerealittleputoutatnotbeinginvitedtothewedding.
putoneselfout不辞劳苦,不厌其烦(tomakeanefforttodosththatwillhelpothers;totakethetroubletodosth)
eg.Theeccentric,thoughwithfewwords,alwaysputshimselfouttohelppeoplewhenevertheyareinneed.
putdown1、记下(本意是打字机打出)2、镇压(暴动,叛乱)3、杀死(危险或病重的动物)
putdownarevolution镇压革命putdownarevolt镇压起义putdownrebellion镇压反抗
extinguish[ɪk’stɪŋgwɪʃ](正式)(vt.1、熄灭(正式)2、使破灭;消除~afeelingoridea,itdestroysit.)
ThemessageextinguishedherhopesofRichard'sreturn.
extinguishafireextinguishallcigarettes
Invitingthefirebrigadetoputoutanonexistentfire…
nonexistentadj.不存在的(non-not,wi
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