电子商务词汇表.docx
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电子商务词汇表.docx
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电子商务词汇表
ElectronicCommerceGlossary
A
AcceptanceTesting(AT):
Thetestingperformedbyausertodeterminethatanautomatedsystem(equipmentorsoftware)foraspecifictaskorenvironment,e.g.,atranslatorforaspecificapplicationandinterchangeformat,performsaccordingtospecification.
AcquisitionManager(AM):
Thesystem/equipmentprogrammanager,theprogrammanager'sstaff,andotherDoDofficialsresponsiblefordeterminingcontractrequirementsforthegeneration,acquisition,anduseofdefensesystem/equipmentdata,andhavingacquisitionauthorityfordefensesystemsandequipment.
Ada:
AcomputerlanguagedesignedasastandardforU.S.governmentandNATOprocurements.Adaisarequiredlanguageformission-criticalprojects.
ANSI(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute):
TheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)isaprivatelyfunded,non-profitorganizationwhichcoordinatesthedevelopmentofvoluntarystandardsintheUnitedStatesandistheagencythatapprovesstandards(asAmericanNationalStandards).ItcoordinatesandmanagesU.S.participationintheworkofseveralnon-governmentalinternationalstandardsorganizations,includingISOandIEC(NCGA).ANSI'smembershipconsistsofover1000companiesandorganizations.
Analog:
Continuouslyvariable.Untilrecentlyalmostallaudiosignalswereanalog.Atanyinstant,itcouldhaveavaluebetweenzeroandafewvoltsandcouldbegraphedasaflowingwaveform.Incontrsat,atanyinstant,adigitalsignalcanhavethevaluesof0or1.
Anchor:
Theobjectthatishighlightedand"clickable"onawebdocument.Itmaybeaword,aphrase,oraninlineimage.Whenclicked,itmaysendyoutoanotherspotonthepage(backlink),anotherpage,adocumentonanotherserver,oraplaceonaremotedocument..Ananchortaghasthefollowingformat:
ANSIX12:
TheANSIX12standardsspecifytheformatanddatacontentofelectronicbusinesstransactions.
Applet:
Aminiatureapplication-anenhancementtoawebpageinvolvingtheembeddingaforeigntypeofprograminthepage.
ApplicationProfile:
Anumberofapplicationprotocolsrequiredforaspecifiedtaskorindustrysector.[AssociatedwithSTEP]TEP]]fTradeandIndustry,UnitedKingdom."OpenSystemsinManufacturing".
ApplicationProtocol(AP):
Definesthecontextfortheuseofproductdataandspecifiestheuseofthestandardinthatcontexttosatisfyanindustrialneed.[AssociatedwithSTEP],UnitedStatesGovernment."MilitaryStandard1840-B"3November1992.
Archie:
AsystemforlocatingfilesthatarestoredonFTPfileservers.Asearchutility.AkeywordsearchservicethatsearchesthedirectoryandfiletitlesofallFTPsitesthatareindexed.
ARPAnet:
ThenamebywhichtheInternetwasoriginallyknown.
ARPA(AdvancedResearchProjectsAgency):
Anagencywithinthedefensedepartmentthatdistributesfundsfordefenserelatedresearchprojects.ARPA(AKADARPA)providedtheinitialfundingforthedevelopmentofplatformindependentwideareainternetworks.ThisprojecteventuallybecametheInternet.
ASCII(AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange):
TheAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchangeisusedextensivelyindatatransmission.TheASCIIcharactersetincludes128upperandlowercaseletters,numeralsandspecialpurposesymbols,eachencodedbyaunique7-bitbinarynumber.ASCIItextisasubsetoftheASCIIcharactersetconsistingprincipallyoftheprintablecharacters.
ASCIItextistheplainfixedwidthtextfoundinemail.WhileHTMLwebdocumentsaresentasASCIIfiles,theycontainembededtagsthatcanbeinterpretedbywebbrowsers.ThereisanASCIInumbercorrespondingtoeachletterofthealphabet:
A=65,B=66,...a=97,b=98.PunctuationmarksarealsoassignedanASCIInumber:
Period=46,Space=32.ASCIInumbersbeginasfollows:
0=48,1=49,...
Thefactthateverycomputercodesthelettersthesamewayiswhatmakescommunicationbetweencomputerspossible. Thenumbersshownaboveareindecimal(base10).Mostcompacttablesareinhexidecimal(base16).
Attribute:
QualifyingpropertyofanHTMLtag.Attributesareusuallyoptional.
B GobacktoIndex
Backbone:
Acentralhighspeednetworkthatconnectssmaller,independentnetworks.theNSFnetisanexample.Theconnectionsbetweentheprimarycomputersinanetwork.Stubnetworksbranchoffthebackbone.
Bandwidth:
Usedtoexpressthemaximumpossiblethroughputofadatalinkinbitspersecond.AT1linehasabandwidthof1.544Mbps.A28.8kbaudmodemhasanominalbandwidthof0.0288Mbps.
BarCoding:
Graphicalrepresentation(generallynarrowandwidebars)thatrepresentoneofanumberofnumericoralphanumericstandards.
Baud:
AmeasurementofsignalingspeedofadatatransmissiondeviceBaudratedoesnotequalbitspersecond.
BPR(BusinessProcessRe-engineering:
Thefundamentalanalysisandradicalredesignofeverything:
businessprocessesandmanagementsystems,jobdefinitions,organizationalstructuresandbeliefsandbehaviorstoachievedramaticperformanceimprovementstomeetcontemporaryrequirements.Informationtechnology(IT)isakeyenablerinthisprocess.
Browser:
AWorldWideWebclient.Seewebbrowser
BulletinBoardService(BBS):
AbulletinboardissimilartoanetworkandthusInternet.Requirementsforabulletinboardareacomputer,modem,andpreferablybulletinboardsoftware.Abulletinboardcancontaindirectoriesoffiles(foruserdownloading)ande-mailfacilities(whereuserscanexchange/orpostmessages).Basedontheiraccessprivileges,thoseusingabulletinboardcanread,download(copyfromthebulletinboard),upload(placeonthebulletinboard),andevenmodifystoredfiles.BulletinboardscanbeontheInternet.Bulletinboardsoftwareisrequiredtoallowthebulletinboardownertoplacelimitsonaccess.(i.e.,notallBBSusersshouldbeallowedtomodifyfilesthatarestoredontheBBS.NotalloftheBBS'suserswouldbeallowedfullaccesstothecomputeronwhichtheBBSisstored.seelelectronicbulletinboard
C GobacktoIndex
Cache:
CachememoryisasmallareaofveryfastRAMusedtospeedexchangeofdata.
CAD(Computer-AidedDesign):
Theapplicationofinformationtechnologytoelementsofthedesignprocessformanufactured,assembled,andconstructedproducts,coveringbothdraftingapplications(inthecreation,modification,storage,andproductionofengineeringandothertechnicaldrawings)andmodeling(thegenerationanduseoffullthree-dimensionalmodels).
CAE(Computer-AidedEngineering):
Theapplicationofinformationtechnologytoelementsofthedesignandengineeringprocess.Itincludesalltypesofperformancesystems,e.g.,heattransfer,structural,electromagnetic,aeronautics,andacousticanalysis.
CALS(ContinuousAcquisitionandLife-cycleSupport):
(formerlyComputer-AidedAcquisitionandLogisticSupport):
CALSisaglobalstrategytofurtherenterpriseintegrationthroughthestreamliningofbusinessprocessesandtheapplicationofstandardsandtechnologiesforthedevelopment,management,exchange,anduseofbusinessandtechnicalinformation.
CALSTestNetwork(CTN):
TheCALSTestNetwork(CTN)isaconfederationofhundredsofindustryandgovernmentorganizationsthathaveagreedtoevaluateanddemonstratetheinterchangeandfunctionaluseofdigitaltechnicalinformationusingCALSstandards.Thisisaccomplishedthroughacollaborativemulti-serviceeffort.
CAM(Computer-AidedManufacturing):
Theapplicationofinformationtechnologytothecontrolandmanagementofmanufacturingprocesses,normallyrestrictedtothecontrolofmachinetoolssuchaslathesandmills,wherethetoolisdirectlycontrolledbyacomputer.
CASE(Computer-AidedSoftwareEngineering):
CASEisanumbrellatermforacollectionoftoolsandtechniqueswhicharesaidbytheirdistributorstopromiserevolutionarygainsinanalystandprogrammerproductivity.ThetwoprominentdeliveredtechnologiesareapplicationgeneratorsandPC-basedworkstationsthatprovidegraphics-orientedautomationofthefrontendofthedevelopmentprocess.
CBT(Computer-BasedTraining):
Trainingwhichisdeliveredviaacomputer.Computer-basedtrainingincludestutorials,drillandpractice,simulations,testingandmayalsoincludeembeddedtraining.Computer-basedtrainingprogramsarealreadydeliveredindigitalformtothegovernment.
CCITTGroup4):
ThisCALSstandardforrastergraphicsincorporatestiling,whichdividesalargeimageintosmallertiles.GraphicfilesareexchangedinCCITT/4formatinacompressedstatesotheytakeupmuchlessfilespace.
CCITT:
ConsultativeCommitteeforInternationalTelephoneandTelegraphyInternationalcommitteethatspecifiesinternationalcommunicationstandards.
CDROM,CDROMDrive (CompactDiskRead-OnlyMemory):
Aread-onlydiskstoragetechnologythatprovidesupto600Mbofspaceinaboutthesamespaceasa3.25in.computerdiskette(whichstores1.44Mb).Datastoredinthisformatcannotbemodifiedorupdated.AnadditionalCD(computerdiskorcompactdisk)ROMdriveisrequiredtoaccessandusedatastoredinthisformatandthedatacannotbechangedorupdated.Accessspeedsareslowerthanfromastandardcomputerdiskdrive.TheCDROMdriveswilltypicallyaccessbothcomputerdiskandcompactdiskmusicformats.CDROMsusealasertechnolgywhilestandardcomputerdiskettesuseamagnetictechnology.Neithertechnologyhasreacheditslimitsintermsofstoragecapacityoraccessspeed.
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- 电子商务 词汇表