英语阅读理解练习及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解练习及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解练习及解析
(英语)阅读理解练习及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Japanhasmadealotofnoiseinrecentyearsaboutremovingthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.
Theirdefencewasthatwomenaremorelikelytodropouttomarryandhavechildren.TojudgefemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolpurelyontheiracademicperformancewouldleaveJapanwithashortageofdoctors,theysaid.Theadmissionhascausedoutrage.
"Doctoringhaslongbeenamalefield.Butitisnottheonlyone.Discriminationiscommoninbanksandtradingfirms,wherestamina(耐力)andloyalty,qualitiessomehowassociatedwithmen,areprized,"saysMariMiura,apoliticalscientistatSophiaUniversity.Allthisembarrassesagovernmentthathaspromisedtomakewomen"shine".Thepolicyseemsbasedontheneedformoreworkersratherthanongenuineconcernforwomen.
ShinzoAbe,theprimeminister,sayshewantstobringmillionsmorewomenintotheworkforcetomakeupforalabourshortfallcausedbyitsageinganddecliningpopulation.Inthefieldofpolitics,therecordunderMr.Abe'spremiership(首相任期)isdisappointing.Justtwomembersofhis20-strongcabinetarewomen,includingSeikoNoda,inchargeofwomen'srights.Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled"GrabtheFuture",herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith"globalstandards".Shehasalmostnochanceofwinning.
(1)Accordingtothepassage,whathasarousedthepublic'sshockandrageinJapan?
A. Womenbeingmorelikelytodropoutofschooltomarryandhavechildren.
B. TMUjudgingfemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolmerelyontheirtestscore.
C. TMUputtingalowergradeonfemaleapplicantstokeepalowpercentageofwomenineachclass.
D. Japantendingtoabandonthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.
(2)WhatdoweknowaboutSeikoNoda?
A. Sheisquitelikelytowintheleadershipcontest.
B. Sheneverfailstoshowherambitioninpublic.
C. SheistheonlyfemalememberinAbe'scabinet.
D. Hernewlyreleasedbook"GrabtheFuture"isabithit.
(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A. DoctoringhaslongbeenamalefieldinJapan.
B. Professionslikebankingandtradingaretailoredtomen.
C. ShinzoAbeperformedpoorlyindealingwithlabourshortfall.
D. DiscriminationagainstwomenincareersinJapanisabigconcern.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了最近的日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视,使社会一片哗然,这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.”在8月7日,当声望卓著的医学院——东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数,以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在30%以下时,社会一片哗然。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled‘GrabtheFuture’,herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith‘globalstandards’”可知,野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。
她刚刚还出版了一本名为《抓住未来》的书,根据她的言行可知,她在公众场合表达自己的雄心,故选B。
(3)考查主旨大意。
通读全文可知,本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视,使社会一片哗然,这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境,出现了很大的问题。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇社会类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Oilisessentialformodernlife.About64percentoftheworld'soilislocatedintheMiddleEast,buttheheaviestconsumersofoilareEurope,America,andJapan.Theproblemliesingettingtheoilfromthecountriesthatproduceittothecountriesthatconsumeit.Thisismainlydoneusingoiltankers.Usuallytheoilisshippedsafelyandwithnoproblems,butoccasionallythereisadisaster.
Everyyearmillionsoftonsofoilarespilledintotheocean.Althoughthisisonlyasmallpercentageofthetotalamountshippedaroundtheworldeachyear,thisspilledoilcanhaveterribleeffectsonoceanlife,includingthecoastlineswheretheoilwashesupontoshore.
OneoftheworstoilspillsinhistoryoccurredalongtheAlaskancoastlinein1989,whentheExxonValdeztankerranagroundoffthecoastofAlaska,spilling42millionlitersofoil.Althoughitwasn'tthelargestoilspill,thedisasterwasterriblebecauseitoccurredinsuchasensitivenaturalarea.Inthisspill,thetanker'scaptain,whowastiredfromoverworkanddrinkingalcohol,hadgonetotakearest.Hegavecontroloftheshiptoanothersailor,whowasunfamiliarwiththeroute.TheshipranontoBlighReef.Damagedbythereef,theshipleakedoiloutintotheocean.Morethan1,600kilometersofcoastlinewereaffectedbytheoilspill.Manybirdsandottersdiedasaresultoftheoilcoveringtheirskin,andmanyotherseacreaturesandtheanimalsthatfedonthemwerealsoseverelyaffected.
(1)WhichcountryisNOTamongthelargestconsumersofoil?
A. Japan
B. Iraq
C. America
D. Germany
(2)Whatdoestheunderlined“them”referto?
A. Thebirds.
B. Theotters.
C. Theseacreatures.
D. Thebirdsandtheotters.
(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?
A. TheoilleakofAlaskaisbecausethecaptainwasunfamiliarwiththeroute.
B. Manybirdsandottersdiedfromeatingthespilledoil.
C. Alaskaspillwasthemostseriousspillofalltime.
D. Althoughsomeoilleakisnotserious,itwillaffectoceanlife.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一次严重的油船漏油事件。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段可知,最大的耗油国为欧洲的国家,美国和日本。
Iraq“伊拉克”不属于其中之一,故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段可知,很多以海洋生物为食的动物也都因为油船漏油而受到了影响。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段可知,A选项的漏油事件是由于船长劳累和喝酒去休息了,另一个水手不熟悉路线而造成的。
B选项不是死于吃油,而是死于羽毛被油粘住了。
C选项Alaska漏油事件并非史上最严重的。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Rescueworkershadcollected820birdsfromtheGulfofMexicooilspill,themajorityofthemalreadydead.ThecurrentspillpromisestobethelargestinUShistory,andascleanupeffortsstretchacrossthesummer,it'sclearthatmoreoiledbirdswillbefound,stuckandsufferingintheblackstickliquid.Andastheydowitheveryoilspill,rescueworkerswillgotogreatlengthstocaptureandcleanthesurvivorshopingtorestorethemtotheirnaturalhabitat.
Isitworththeeffort?
Somescientistsaren'tsosure.Becausethestressofbeingcapturedandbathedisassignificantasthehorrorofbeingimmersedinoil,andbecauseresearchsuggeststhatmanyrescuedbirdsdieshortlyafterbeingreleased,someexpertssayeuthanasia(安乐死)isamorehumaneoption.
Cleanbirdfeathersrepelwater(防水)andregulatebodytemperaturewhiledirtyonesdon't.Oilinparticularmakesfeathersheavieranddecreasestheirabilitytotrapair,whichinturnmakesbirdsweakandbecomeeasiertodrowning,overheatingandorgandamage.Ofcourse,beingcapturedandcleanedisnopicniceither.Somebirdswindupreturningtotheirdestroyedhabitatsonlytofallvictimtotheoilagain.Andthosewhomanagetoavoidasecondoilbathsufferdramaticallyshortenedlifespans(跨度)andlowerreproductivesuccess.OfthethousandsofbirdsthatwererescuedfromthePrestigeoilspilloffthecoastofSpainin2002,only600werereleasedintothewild;mostoftherestdiedafterjustafewdaysincaptivity.
However,birdrescuerssaytheyhavelearnedalotabouthowtobesthelpoil-soakedbirds,andthattherefore,survivalratesstandtoincreasethistimearound.Inthepast,birdswerecleanedrightaway,andvolunteersoftenworkedthroughthenightbathingrescuedbirds.Butnow,capturedbirdsarelefttorestforadayortwobeforebeingcleaned,andonlywashedduringtheday,soasnottodisrupttheircircadian(生理的)rhythms.Butpartofthatincreasemaybeduetogreaterselectivityonthepartofrescuers.Theworkersdobloodtestsrightinthefieldnowandbirdsthatareloadedwithhydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)ordon'tlooklikethey'regoingtomakeitareputdownrightaway,ratherthansubjectedtothestressofcaptivityandcleaning.
Andsofar,whilereleaseratesmaybeimproving,thereislittleevidenceofbettermediumorlong-termsurvival,especiallyforthemore-difficult-to-savespecies.Therestillaren'tgoodprotocols(协议)forrepairingtheinternalorgandamage.Anyway,rescueeffortswillcontinueinlargepartbecausethepublicdemandsthat.Euthanasiaisadifficultthingtodo,especiallyforpeoplewhohavebuilttheirlivesaroundsavinganimals.
(1)Whydosomescientistsdoubttheefforttorescueoiledbirds?
A.Becauseithascosttoomuchtimeandmoney.
B.Becausehumanmaybeinfectedwiththebirdvirus.
C.Becauseitistorturefollowedbydeathtobirds.
D.Becausemigrantbirdsmaybroadenthepollution.
(2)ThecaseofSpaincoastspillismentionedtoindicate________.
A.thousandsofbirdswerepollutedbyoil
B.thesurvivalrateofoiledbirdswasverylow
C.theeffortstorescueoiledbirdswereineffective
D.captivityisanimpracticalmethodtorescuebinds
(3)Whydothesurvivalratesofoiledbirdsincrease?
A.Oiledbirdsarekeptinwarmwaterforoneortwodays
B.Thesecondcleaningoftheoiledbirdsindaytimeisnotpermitted
C.Therescuersoftenselectthebirdsthatarelikelytosurvive
D.Hydrocarbonsareremovedtorescuetheoiledbirds
(4)Whydoesoiledbirds'rescueremainacontroversialproblem?
A.Oiledbirds'internalorgandamageispermanent.
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