精益六西格玛英文缩略语.docx
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精益六西格玛英文缩略语.docx
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精益六西格玛英文缩略语
LeanSigmaGlossary/AbbreviationList
Acronym
Definition
Description
α
Alpha
ThemaximumriskorprobabilityofmakingaTypeIError.Thisprobabilityisalwaysgreaterthanzeroandisusuallyestablishedat5%.TheresearchermakesthedecisionstothegreatestlevelofriskthatisacceptableforarejectionofHo.
β
Beta
TheriskorprobabilityofmakingaTypeIIError,oroverlookinganeffectivetreatmentorsolutiontotheproblem.
μ
Populationmean
Symbolusedtodescribetheaverageforanentirepopulation
σ
Populationstandarddeviation
Symbolusedforstandarddeviationofentirepopulation.Measureofthespreadoftheprocess(widthofthedistribution).
%R&R
Gage%RepeatabilityandReproducibility
AddresseswhatpercentoftheTotalVariationistakenupbymeasurementerror.
AffinityDiagram
Amanagementtoolthatassistswithgeneralplanning.Itmakesdisparatelanguageinformationunderstandablebyplacingitoncardsandgroupingthecardstogetherinacreativemanner."Header"cardsareusedtosummarizeeachgroup.
ANOVA
AnalysisofVariance
Hypothesistestusedtoanalyzethedifferenceinmeansbetweentwoormoresamples.
Assessment
Asystematicprocessofcollectingandanalyzingdatatodeterminethecurrent,historicalorprojectedstatusofanorganization.
AssignableCause
Thenameforthesourceofvariationinaprocessthatisnotduetochanceandthereforecanbeidentifiedandeliminated.
Audit
"Theinspectionandexaminationofaprocessorqualitysystemtoensurecompliancetorequirements.Auditcanapplytoanentireorganizationorbespecifictoafunctionorproductionstep."(Dr.JosephM.Juran)
BaselineMeasurement
Abeginningpointbasedonanevaluationoftheoutputoveraperiodoftimetodeterminehowtheprocessperformspriortoanyimprovementeffort.
Benchmarking
Theprocessoffindingandadaptingbestpracticestoimproveorganizationalperformance.
BestPractice
Asuperiormethodorinnovativepracticethatcontributestoimprovedperformance.
BB
BlackBelt
AprocessimprovementprojectteamleaderwhoistrainedandcertifiedintheSixSigmabreakthroughmethodologyandtoolsandwhoisresponsibleforprojectexecution.
Boxplot
"Agraphicsummaryofadistributionwheretheoveralldispersionandthecentraltendencyormeanofthedataarehighlighted."(ArturoOnnias)
Brainstorming
Anidea-generatingtechniquethatusesgroupinteractiontogeneratemanyideasinashorttimeperiod.Ideasaresolicitedinanon-judgmental,unrestrictedmannerfromallmembersofagroup.
BVA
BusinessValueAdded
TermusedinValueAnalysisofaprocess.Designatesaprocessstepthatthebusinessrequirestostayinbusiness.
Capability
Thetotalrangeofinherentvariationinastableprocess.Itisdeterminedusingdatafromcontrolcharts.
Capabilityindex
Acalculatedvalueusedtocompareprocessvariationtoaspecification.ExamplesareCp,Cpk.Canalsobeusedtocompareprocessestoeachother.
Cause
Anestablishedreasonfortheexistenceofadefectoraproblem.
C/EorC&E
CauseandEffectMatrix
Prioritizationmatrixusedtoassistinfocusinginontherootcausesofprocessproblems.
CentralTendency
Thetendencyofdatagatheredfromaprocesstoclustertowardamiddlevalue,somewherebetweenthehighandlowvaluesofmeasurement.
Champion
Anupperlevelbusinessleaderwhofacilitatestheleadership,implementation,anddeploymentoftheprocessqualityinitiativeandbreakthroughphilosophies.
Charter
Awrittencommitmentbymanagementstatingthescopeofauthorityforanimprovementgroup.Resources,includingtimeandmoney,arespecificallyaddressed.
Checksheet
Aformforrecordingdataonwhichthenumberofoccurrencesofaneventcanberecordedasticksorchecks.
CodeofConduct
Expectationsofbehaviormutuallyagreeduponbyateam.(Alsocalled"norms"or"rulesofengagement.")
CommonCause
Asourceofprocessvariationthatisinherenttotheprocessandiscommontoallthedata.
CI
ConfidenceInterval
Anintervalthatcanbesaid,withX%certainty,tocontainthetrueprocessmeanorstandarddeviation.“Weare95%confidentthatthetrueprocessmeanisinthisinterval.”
Conformance
Thestateofmeetingand/orexceedingcustomerrequirementsandexpectations.
Consensus
Astatewhereeveryoneinthegroupsupportsanactionordecision,evenifsomeofthemdon'tfullyagreewithit.
ConsensusDecision
Adecisionmadeafterallaspectsofanissue,bothpositiveandnegative,havebeenreviewedordiscussedtotheextentthateveryoneopenlyunderstands,supportsandparticipatesinthedecision.
Control
Keepingaprocesswithinboundaries;minimizingthevariationofaprocess.
ControlChart
Aproblemsolvingstatisticaltoolthatindicateswhetherthesystemisinoroutofcontrol,asdeterminedbycomputedcontrollimits.
ControlLimits
"Definesnaturalboundariesofaprocesswithinspecifiedconfidencelevels"[uppercontrollimit(UCL),andlowercontrollimit(LCL)definedonacontrolchart].(J.R.Russell)
Cost-benefitAnalysis
Awaytocomparethecostsandbenefitsofplans.Canbeusedforcomparingthefinancialoutcomesofdifferentactionsanddeterminingifaparticularactionmakessensefinancially.
COPQ
CostofPoorQuality
Costassociatedwithpoorqualityproductsorservices.Examples:
Productinspection,Sorting,Scrap,Rework,andFieldComplaints.
Cp
ProcessCapabilityIndex
Acalculatedvalueusedtocompareprocessvariationtoaspecification.Canalsobeusedtocompareprocessestoeachother.
CPD
CustomerPercentDefective
Thepercentageofproductsorservicesthataresuccessfullycompletedonthefirstattemptwithoutrequiringremedialactionorrework.
Cpk
ProcessCapabilityIndex–notcentered
Acalculatedvalueusedtocompareprocessvariationtoaspecification.Canalsobeusedtocompareprocessestoeachother.
Countermeasure
Actiontakentocountertheverifiedrootcauseofaproblem.
CriticalCharacteristic
Acharacteristicdependentonthefunctioningofbudgetconstraints,competitiveedgeand/orcustomersatisfactionoftheproduct.
CriticalDependencies
Theinterrelationshipsexistingwithinoramongprocessesthatareprimarydriversofdefectsorerrorsinaproductorservice.
CPIV
CriticalProcessInputVariable
Thevitalfewprocessinputvariablesthathavethegreatesteffectontheoutputvariable(s)ofinterest.Theyarecalled“X’s”,normally2–6truecriticalvariables.
CrossFunctional
Atermusedtodescribeindividualsfromdifferentorganizationalunitsorfunctionsthatarepartofateamtosolveproblems,plan,anddevelopsolutionsaffectingtheorganizationasasystem.
CVA
CustomerValueAdded
TermusedinValueAnalysisofaprocess.Designatesaprocessstepthatthecustomeriswillingtopayfor.
CT
CycleTime
Theaveragetimefromaunitenteringtheprocessuntilitiscompletedasafinishedgood.
CTQ
CriticaltoQuality
ArequirementthatacustomervaluesisconsideredCriticaltoQuality.Whatthecustomerpaysfor.
Defect
Anyinstanceoroccurrencewheretheproductorservicefailstomeetcustomerrequirements
DefectOpportunity
Atypeofpotentialdefectonaunitofthroughput(output)thatisimportanttothecustomer(i.e.Specificfieldsonaformthatcreatesandopportunityforerrorthatwouldbeimportanttothecustomer).
Defective
Anyunitwithoneormoredefects.SeealsoDefects
DMAIC
Define,Measure,Analyze,Improve,Control
5stepsduringaSixSigmaproject
DMADVorDMADVI
Define,Measure,Analyze,Design,ValidateorDefine,Measure,Analyze,Design,Verify,Implement
Newprocessdesigntool.CommonlyusedacronymforDesignforSixSigmamethods.
DOTWIMP
Defects,Overproduction,Transportation,Waiting,Inventory,Motion,Processing
Sevenwastes
DPMO
DefectsPerMillionOpportunities
Thenumberofdefectsineverymillionopportunities.Bytakingintoaccountopportunitiesfordefects,andnotjustdefects,wecancompareprocessesofdifferingcomplexity.
DPU
DefectsPerUnit
Thenumberofdefectsinaunitorproduct.Thismeasuredoesnottakeintoaccountthenumberofopportunitiesfordefects,justthenumberofdefects.
DOE
DesignofExperiments
Anefficientmethodofexperimentationwhichidentifies,withminimumtesting,factors(keyprocessinputvariables)andtheiroptimumsettingsthataffectthemeanandvariation.
Empowerment
Actofplacingaccountability,authority,andresponsibilityforprocessesandproductsatthelowestpossiblelevel.Whetherornotapersonistrulyempowereddependsontheiracceptanceofresponsibilityandaccountability,theircapabilities,andtheseriousnessoftheconsequences.
ENT
Entitlement
Thebestaprocessmeasurecouldbe.
ExternalFailure
Nonconformanceidentifiedbyexternalcustomers.
F
Functionrelatingprocessinputstoprocessoutputs
Y=F(x1,x2,x3,……)
FMEA
FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis
Methodusedinmeasuretounderstandrisksoffailureinaprocess.
FireFighting
"Theactivityofgettingridofsporadicqualitytroublesandrestoringthestatusquo."(Dr.JosephM.Juran)
FPY
FirstPassYield
Thepercentageofproductsorservicesthataresuccessfullycompletedonthefirstattemptwithoutrequiringremedialactionorrework.
Five“whys”
Atechniquefordiscoveringtherootcause(s)ofaproblemandshowingtherelationshipofcausesbyrepeatedlyaskingthequestion"Why?
"
Gagebias(Accuracy)
Thedifferencebetweenthetrueorreferencevalueandtheobservedaverageofmultiplemeasurementsoftheidenticalcharacteristiconthesamepart.
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