Unit6ManandAnimals.docx
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Unit6ManandAnimals.docx
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Unit6ManandAnimals
Unit6ManandAnimals
Preparation
Background
Man’srelationshipwithanimalshasalwaysbeenambivalent.Ontheonehand,animalshavebeenworshippedandattributedwithallkindsofmysteriousandsuperiorpowers.Ontheotherhand,theyhavebeenhunted,domesticated,exterminated,andevenexploitedasasourceofentertainment.Inmanycountries,manhasalsocreatedimaginarycreaturesthatplayamajorroleinpopularcultures.TheChinesedragonisperhapsoneofthemostfamousexamples.
Comparisonsbetweenanimalsandmanhavebeenmadethroughoutthecenturies.Insomecultures,thesinisterandaggressiveaspectofmanisregardedastheanimalsideofhumannature.Recentresearchonhumanbehavior,forexample,drawsparallelsbetweentheaggressivenessofmodernmanandabnormalbehaviorofacagedanimal.Somescientistsbelievethatunnaturalconditions,suchasovercrowdingandalienatingroutinejobs,causepeopletoperformactsofviolence.Otherscientistsfeelthataggressionisanaturalinstinctthatshouldbedirectedtowardspositiveandcreativeactivities.
TheideaofanegativeanimalisticsideofhumannatureisforeigntotheNorthAmericanIndianswhoregardanimalsasequalsofman.Theyarenotonlyequaltoman,buttheyareconsideredtobethefoundersandguardiansofthetribes.Theraven,theeagle,thebearandotheranimalsalwaysappearinstylizedformsontheirtotempoles.
Recentyears,theanimalsrightsmovementhasgrownconsiderably.Asaresultofprotestsbyanimalrightsgroups,huntingofendangeredspecieshasbeenbannedinmostcountries.Manyeffortshavebeenmade,forexample,tostopthekillingofelephantsbyhuntersparticipatingintheivorytrade.Someanimalrightsgroupshavefocusedtheirattentiononthetreatmentofanimalsinscientificresearchandontheuseofanimalsinthetestingofbeautyproductssuchasperfumes,creamsandmakeup.Zoosandpetstoriesarenowconstantlyinspectedandcriticizedbyanimalrightsgroups.Manypeopleregardzoosascruelenvironmentsandfavorsafariparkswhereanimalsarefreetoroaminmorenaturalsetting.
PassageⅠAggressioninHumansandAnimals
PartⅠKeyWordsandExpressions
1.abnormaladj.不正常的,反常的e.g.Theweatherisabnormalthisyear.
[同义词、近义词]exceptional,extraordinary,irregular,peculiar,strange,uncommon,unusual
2.absorbvt.take…in;takeup(theattentionof)吸收,合并,使(精神)贯注Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgethathisteacherscouldgivehim.那个聪明的男孩把老师所能教给他的知识完全吸收了。
[相关词语]absorbedadj.注意力集中的,一心一意的absorbingadj.吸收的,印人入胜的absorbern.吸收器,减震器absorptionn.吸收,合并,专心
[习惯用语]beabsorbedby……所吸收beabsorbedin/with全神贯注于…..
3accumulationn.积累,收集,聚集物,堆积物theaccumulationofusefulknowledge有用知识的积累anaccumulationofbooks一堆书
[相关词语]accumulatev.积累accumulativeadj.积累起来的accumulatorn.累积者
4..aggressiveadj.侵犯的,攻击的,挑衅的amanwithanaggressivedisposition好攻击他人的人。
[相关词语]aggressv.攻击,挑衅aggressionn.攻击aggressivelyadv.aggressivenessn.
[同义词、近义词]intrusive,invasive,offensive,quarrelsome
[反义词]friendly,peaceable
5.assertvt.makeaclaimto;declare主张,维护,断言Theyassertedthatthemanwasinnocent.他们断言那人无罪。
assertone’srights
[相关词语]assertionn.主张,坚持assertiveadj.肯定的,断然的
[习惯用语]assertoneself坚持自己的权利
6.conflictn./v.fight,struggle,quarrel冲突,争执;aconflictbetweenemployersandworkers劳资双方争执
[相关词语]conflictingadj.矛盾的,冲突的
[同义词、近义词]difference,disagreement,dispute,friction,hostility,opposition,quarrel
[反义词]agreement,concord,harmony
[习惯用语]comeintoconflictwith与……发生冲突inconflictwith与……冲突
7.destructiveadj.causingdestruction破坏性的,有害的destructivestorm破坏性的暴风雨destructivebird害虫害鸟
[相关词语]destroyvt.破坏,毁坏destroyern.破坏者,驱逐舰destructionn.破坏,毁灭
[习惯用语]bedestructiveof对….有破坏作用bedestructiveto对….有害
[同义词、近义词]damaging,disruptive,fatal,harmful,hurtful,negative
[反义词]constructive,creative,productive
PartⅡWhile-ReadingActivities.
TeachingTechniques
1.Understandingthemainideaofthepassage
Directions:
Fillinthefollowingtablewithinformationyouhavelearnedfromthepassage.
AComparisonofAnimalandHumanAggression
Animals
Humanbeings
Causeofaggression
1)___________________
8)______________________________
Consequences
2)Itwillshow_________
9)Itisnotsurprisingifpeople_______
________________________________
Examples
3)Atigeronce_________
_____________________
4)Thecagedlionoften__
_____________________
10)Aonceself-employedcraftsmanandpeoplewhoonceworkedinasmallfirmwillexpressaggressionthrough__
________________________________
11)Amanmaykillthousandsofpeople
by______________________________
Behaviorindesirablesituations
5)Thetiger___________
_____________________
6)Thecagedlion_______
_____________________
12)Peoplemighthavebeennomoreaggressivethan___________________
________________________________
13)Themanwouldhesitateto_______
________________________________
possiblesolution
7)Thelionshouldbefree
to__________________
14)Hostilityandaggressionshouldbeexpressedin_____________________
_______________________________
keys:
1)abnormalconditions;2)abnormalaggressiveness
3)cameoutofthejungleintoavillageandattachedaman
4)moreaggressivethanitwouldbeinthewild
5)wouldhavestayedinthejungleandhuntedforfoodinthecustomaryway
6)wouldbecontinuallyactive,rangingoverlongdistance,huntinginfamilygroups
7)wanderonthegrassyplainsofAfrica
8)livingconditionsincrowdedcities
9)behaveaggressivelytowardeachother
10)resentmentandanger
11)droppingabombfromaplane
12)theirfellowcreatures
13)hitanotherpersoninfrontofhiseyes
14)constructiveactivityandnon-violentcompetition
PartⅢLanguagePoints
1.Nevertheless,shouldafightfollow,neithercreaturewillbebadlyhurt,fortheloserwillsavehimselfbymakingagestureofsubmission.
释义:
However,ifafightshouldfollow,neithertheterritorialanimalorbirdnortheintruderwillbeseriouslyhurt,becausetheloserwillmakeitssubmissiontothewinnerbymakingagestureandasktostopfighting.
汉译:
但是如果真的发生斗争,任何一方都不会受重伤,因为败的一方会做出投降的动作来保全生命.
解析:
句中shouldafightfollow为afightshouldfollow的倒装形式,省略了if,表示“万一,一旦,果真”之意.又如:
shouldIfail(=IfIshouldfail)Iwouldtryagain.万一失败的话,我还要再试.
2.Normallyoneanimalwillonlykillanotherforfood,andrarelydoesananimalkillamemberofitsownspecies.
释义:
Usuallyoneanimalwillnotkillanotherexceptforgettingfoodforitself,andananimalseldomkillanotheroneofthesamespecies.
汉译:
一般情况下,动物之间只会为觅食而杀戮,同类动物之间自相残杀是极为少见的.
解析:
句中andrarelydoesananimalkillamemberofitsownspecies为倒装句,正常语序为andananimalrarelykillamemberofitsownspecies.像rarely这种带有否定意义的词语用于句首作状语时,引起全部倒装,这种倒装结构多见于正式语体中,其他的类似词语有barely,hardly,never,scarcely,seldom等。
3.Ifithadnothadthisdisabilityitwouldhaveundoubtedlystayedinthejungleandhuntedforfoodinthecustomaryway.
释义:
Ifithadnothadaninjuredpawthetigerwouldhavecertainlykeptstayinginthejungleandattackedotheranimalsforfoodasusual.
解析:
这句话用了虚拟语气,从句中用“had+动词过去分词”结构,主句“would/could/should/might+have+过去分词”结构,表示在与过去事实相反的虚拟假设条件下所有出现的情况或结果。
4.Ifthecagedlion,forexample,werefreetowanderonthegrassyplainsofAfrica,itwouldbecontinuallyactive,rangingoverlongdistances,huntinginfamilygroups.
释义:
Forexample,ifthelioninthecagewereletfreelyoutintothegrassyplainsofAfrica,itwouldgetmoreactiveinmovingaroundandhuntingforfoodwithitsfamilymembers.
汉译:
比如说,关在笼子里的狮子一旦能够自由自在地徜徉在非洲大草原上,那么他会活跃无比,与同类家族一起奔跑,追捕猎物。
解析:
本句用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气结构,其中从句动词用一般过去时,主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”又如:
IfIwereanEnglishteacher,Iwouldguidemystudentstopayspecialattentiontothedevelopmentoftheirreadingskill.如果我是英语老师的话,我会指导学生特别注意阅读技能的提高。
句中rangingoverlongdistances,huntinginfamilygroups可以理解为两个并列的由现在分词短语充当的状语,说明句中谓语动词beactive的具体表现方式。
5.Amanwhowouldhesitatetohitanotherpersoninfrontofhiseyesmaykillthousandsofpeoplebydroppingabombfromtheplane;tohimtheyaretooremotetobehumanbeings,butaremerelyfiguresonachartofhisroutinejob.
释义:
Amanmayhesitatetohitanotherpersonface-to-face.Butpossiblyhemaydropabombfromaplaneandkillthousandsofpeople,becausefarawayfromtheplaneintheskyheseesthepeopleonthegroundnotashumanbeingsbutsimplyasnumbersonachartofhisdailywork.
汉译:
一个不愿意面对面与人拨拳相向的人也许会从飞机上投下炸弹炸成千上万的人;在他看来,那些人太遥远谈不上是什么人,只不过是他日常工作报表上的数字而已。
解析:
请注意句子中间分号的作用,他把全句分为前后两个部分,前半部分叙述一种意见,后半部分解释说明理由。
也可以改用破折号,作用相同。
句中的介词短语tohim等于说inhiseyes或,inhisopinion,意为“再他眼里,在他看来,对他来说”;routinejob即dailywork,routine意为fixedorregular。
6.Onlyifhostilityandaggressioncanbeexpresstheirunfriendlinessandaggressioninconstructiveactivityandpeacefulcompetition,willthehumanracebeabletoremainanddevelop.
汉译:
只有当敌意和好斗性得以通过富有建设性活动和非暴力的竞争方式表达出来,人类才能得以生存下去。
解析:
这是一个由onlyif引导的部分倒装句。
由于句首用了表达强调的副词only,主句的主语发生了部分倒装。
如果不强调的话,句子是这样的:
Ifhostilityandaggressioncanbeexpressedinconstructiveactivityandnon-violentcompetition,thehumanracewillbeabletosurvive.orThehumanracewillbeabletosurviveifhostilityandaggressioncanbeexpressedinconstructiveactivityandnon-violentcompetition.
PartⅣConclusion
PassageⅡShouldtheNavyDraftDolphins?
PartⅠKeyWordsandExpressions
1.attachmentn.附着(物),附属(物),附件,爱慕,忠诚(for,to)anattachmenttoone’smotherland对祖国的忠诚,theattachmentofabicycle自行车的零件
[相关词汇]attachvt.附上,贴上,v.隶属于attachableadj.可附上的,可连接的
2.capturev.seize捕获Thecriminalwascapturedwhentryingtoescapefromthecity.罪犯在企图逃离这座城市时被抓获。
[同义词、近义词]apprehend,arrest,imprison,seize
[反义词]release
3
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