GMAT网络课堂逻辑笔记费允杰主讲8.docx
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GMAT网络课堂逻辑笔记费允杰主讲8.docx
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GMAT网络课堂逻辑笔记费允杰主讲8
1.ThefossilrecordshowsthattheclimateofNorthAmericawarmedanddriedattheendofthePleis
toceneperiod.Mostofthespeciesoflargemammalsthenlivingonthecontinentbecameextinct,butthe
smallermammalianspeciessurvived.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthebestbasisforanexplanationofthecontrastdescribedabovebetweenspeciesoflargemammalsandspeciesofsmallmammals?
(A)Individuallargemammalscan,ingeneral,travelfurtherthansmallmammalsandsoaremoreabletomigrateinsearchofahospitableenvironment.
(B)Thesamepatternofcomparativesuccessinsmaller,asopposedtolarger,speciesthatis
observedinmammalsisalsofoundinbirdspeciesofthesameperiod.
(C)ThefossilrecordfromtheendofPleistoceneperiodisasclearforsmallmammals
asitisforlargemammals.
(D)Largermammalshavegreaterfoodandspacerequirementsthansmallermammalsandare
thuslessabletowithstandenvironmentalchange.
(E)Manymoreofthespeciesoflargermammalsthanofthespeciesofsmallermammalsliving
inNorthAmericainthatperiodhadoriginatedinclimatesthatwerewarmerthanwas
thatofNorthAmericabeforetheendofthePleistoceneperiod.
2.BonusesatDSRIndustriescannotbeawarded
unlessprofitsexceedatenpercentreturnonstock-
holders'investmentsinthecompany.Higherprofits
meanhigherbonuses.Therefore,bonusesinayear
ofgeneraleconomicrecessionwillbeconsiderably
lowerthanbonusesinayearofpeakprofitsat
DSR.
Theconclusionabovedependsontheassumptionthat
(A)thefirmwillhaverelativelylowprofitsinrecessionyears
(B)theamountrepresentedbyatenpercentreturnonstockholders'investmentsinthecompany
willincreasefromyeartoyear
(C)profitsrarelyexceedatenpercentreturnonstockholders'investmentsinthecompany
(D)profitsinexcessofatenpercentreturnonstockholders'investmentsinthecompanyare
alldistributedintheformofbonuses
(E)bonusesatDSRneverdroptozero
Questions6-7arebasedonthefollowing.
Suitablehabitatsforgraywolveshavegreatlydimin-
ishedinarea.Inspiteofthisfact,themostsensible
coursewouldbetorefrainfromreestablishinggray
wolvesinplaceswherepreviouslytheyhavebeenhunted
outofexistence.Strivingtobringbacktheseanimalsto
placeswheretheywillonlyfacelethalhumanhostilityis
immoral.
3.Theargumentabovedependson
(A)anappealtoanauthority
(B)abeliefthatgraywolvesaredangeroustohumanbeingsandlivestock
(C)anassumptionthattwoeventsthatoccurtogethermustbecausallyconnected
(D)anassumptionthatthefuturewillbelikethepast
(E)athreatofviolenceagainstthosepersonspresentingtheopposingview
4.Theargumentabovewouldbemostsignificantly
weakenedifwhichofthefollowingweretrue?
(A)Effectivelawsagainstthehuntingofgraywolveshavebeenenacted.
(B)Ranchers,farmers,andhuntersstillhaveaningrainedbiasagainstgraywolves.
(C)Bythe1930'sbountyhuntershadexterminatedmostofthegraywolvesintheUnitedStates.
(D)Programsforincreasingthegraywolfpopulationarenotaidedbyfederallawsthatrequire
thelicensingofhuntersofcertainpredators.
(E)Suggestedprogramsforincreasingthegraywolfpopulationhavebeencriticizedbyenvironmentalistsandbiologists.
5.Forthesafety-consciousSwedishmarket,aUnited
Statesmanufacturerofdesktopcomputersdevel-
opedaspecialdisplayscreenthatproducesamuch
weakerelectromagneticfieldsurroundingtheuser
thandoordinaryscreens.Despiteanadvantagein
thisrespectoveritscompetitors,themanufactureris
introducingthescreenintotheUnitedStatesmarket
withoutadvertisingitasasafetyimprovement.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesarationale
forthemanufacturer'sapproachtoadvertisingthe
screenintheUnitedStates?
(A)ManymoredesktopcomputersaresoldeachyearintheUnitedStatesmarketthanare
soldintheSwedishmarket.
(B)Themanufacturerdoesnotwantitscompetitorstobecomeawareofthemeansbywhichthecompanyhasachievedthisadvanceintechnology.
(C)Mostbusinessandscientificpurchasersofdesk-topcomputersexpecttoreplacesuchequipmenteventuallyasbettertechnologybecomesavailableonthemarket.
(D)AnemphasisonthecomparativesafetyofthenewscreenwouldcallintoquestionthesafetyofthemanyscreensthemanufacturerhasalreadysoldintheUnitedStates.
(E)ConcernhasbeenexpressedintheUnitedStatesoverthehealtheffectsofthelargeelec-
tromagneticfieldssurroundingelectricpowerlines.
6.InthesuburbssurroundingMiddletown,thereisan
averageof2.4automobilesperfamily,andthusvery
fewsuburbanresidentsusepublicbuses.Thesubur-
bancommunities,therefore,wouldderivelittlebene-
fitfromcontinuingtosubsidizetheportionof
Middletown'spublicbussystemthatservesthe
suburbs.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemost
seriousdoubtontheconclusiondrawnabove?
(A)Thereal-estatetaxrateinMiddletownishigherthanitisinthesuburbs.
(B)Lastyearvotersinthesuburbancommunitiesdefeatedbyanarrowmarginabilldesigned
toincreasesubsidiesforpublicbusroutes.
(C)Manysuburbanshopscanattractenoughemployeestoremaininbusinessonlybecause
subsidizedpublictransportationfromMiddletownisavailable.
(D)Publicbusesoperatedwithlessthana35percentoccupancyrateproducemorepollu-
tionperpassengermilethanwouldtheoperationofprivateautomobilesforeachpassenger.
(E)MostvotersinMiddletown'ssuburbancommunitiesareunwillingtocontinuesubsidiesfor
publicbusesnextyearifridershiponthosebusesdropsbelowcurrentlevels.
7.Anytaxreliefreceivedbythesolarindustrywould
notbenefitthehomeownerwhoinstallsasolar-
energysystem.Eventhoughhomeownerswouldpay
alowerpriceforsolar-energysysteminstallations
becauseofthistaxrelief,withthegovernment
payingthebalance,governmentrevenuescomefrom
thepublic.
Theargumentaboveisbasedonwhichofthe
followingassumptions?
(A)Thetaxreliefwouldcausethehomeownertolose,throughtaxesorreducedgovernment
benefitsorboth,anamountatleastequaltothereductioninthepriceofthathome-
owner'ssolar-energysysteminstallation.
(B)Thetaxreliefthatwouldbereceivedbysolar-energyindustrieswouldnotbeofferedatthe
sametimeasanytaxreliefforotherindustries.
(C)Advertisementsofthesolar-energyindustry,byfailingtoidentifythesourceofgovernment
revenuesexplicitlytothepublic,masktheadvantagetheindustryreceivesfromthe
public.
(D)Homeownersgenerallybelievethattheybenefitfromanytaxreliefofferedtothesolar-energyindustry.
(E)Taxreliefwouldencouragesolarindustriestosellsolar-energysystemsathigherprices.
8.Lessthan50percentofacertaintropicalcountry's
wildlandsremainsintact.Effortsareunderwayto
restorebiologicaldiversityinthatcountrybyrestor-
ingsomedestroyedwildhabitatsandextending
somerelativelyintactportionsofforests.However,
opponentsarguethattheseeffortsarenotneeded
becausethereisstillplentyofwildlandleft.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostsignificantly
weakenstheargumentoftheopponentsof
conservationefforts?
(A)Asmuch,ifnotmore,effortisrequiredto
restoreawildhabitatastopreserveanintact
habitat.
(B)Theopponentsofrestorationeffortsare,forthe
mostpart,membersofthewealthierclasses
intheirownvillagesandcities.
(C)Existingconservationlawshavebeenveryeffec-
tiveinpreservingbiologicaldiversitywithin
thewildlandsthatremainintact.
(D)Formanytropicalspeciesnativetothatcoun-
try,thetropicalwildlandsthatarestillrela-
tivelyintactdonotprovideappropriate
habitatsforreproduction.
(E)Ifasuitablepopulationofplantsandanimalsis
introducedandispermittedtodisperseand
grow,tropicalhabitatscanmostcertainlybe
restored.
9.Astudycomparingagroupofchronicallydepressed
individualswithanotherwisematchedgroupof
individualsfreefromdepressionfoundsignificantly
moredisordersoftheimmunesystemamongthe
depressedgroup.Accordingtotheresearchers,these
resultsstronglysupportthehypothesisthatmental
statesinfluencethebody'svulnerabilitytoinfection.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemostseri-
ousdoubtontheresearchers'interpretationoftheir
findings?
(A)Theresearchers'viewdoeslittlemorethanecho
afamiliarthemeinfolkloreanliterature.
(B)Chronicallydepressedindividualsarenoless
carefulthanotherstoavoidexposureto
infections.
(C)Disordersoftheimmunesystemcausemanyof
thoseindividualswhohavethemtobecome
chronicallydepressed.
(D)Individualswhohavepreviouslybeenfreefrom
depressioncanbecomedepressedquite
suddenly.
(E)Ahighfrequencyofinfectionscanstemfrom
anunusuallyhighlevelofexposurerather
thanfromanydisorderoftheimmunesystem.
10.ExportsofUnitedStateswoodpulpwillriseconsid-
erablyduringthisyear.Thereasonfortheriseis
thatthefallingvalueofthedollarwillmakeit
cheaperforpapermanufacturersinJapanandWest-
ernEuropetobuyAmericanwoodpulpthantoget
itfromanyothersource.
Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionmadein
drawingtheconclusionabove?
(A)FactoryoutputofpaperproductsinJapanand
WesternEuropewillincreasesharplyduring
thisyear.
(B)Thequalityofthewoodpulpproducedinthe
UnitedStateswouldbeadequateforthe
purposesofJapaneseandWesternEuropean
papermanufacturers.
(C)PapermanufacturersinJapanandWeste
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