最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目及答案.docx
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最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目及答案.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目及答案
最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?
Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.
Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.
Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere'snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.
Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbecome,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.
Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthataccompaniesthereport.
Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.
Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.
Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.
(1)Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.
B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.
C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.
D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.
(2)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Objective.
(3)Guyatt'savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith_______.
A.healthrisks
B.diethabits
C.animalwelfare
D.environmentalprotection
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?
A.Redmeatsdon'thavesignificanthealthrisks.
B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.
C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.
D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?
Probablynot,accordingtoresearchers...”可知,吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关,但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢?
根据研究人员研究发现,答案是不一定,引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点,故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据“accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddata”,“theresearchersarguethat”,“Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice”,“Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudies”“thelatestexample”,“Basedontheiranalyses”等等,可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章,可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的,故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯,也是为了保护动物福利和环境,没有说是健康风险问题,可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的,也没有说人们应该多吃。
以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系,但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的,可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook,theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens,whocollaboratedwithindustry,government,andenvironmentgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo'Sbiggestattractions.
Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.
Thewaterway'sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾车)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:
"Mr.BuffaloRiver."Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasstilldeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.
JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver'sprotectororganization,BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989,afterorganizingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver's$100millionrestoration.
Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.
(1)WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?
A. Awaterwayontheyearbook.
B. Ariverheavilypolluted.
C. AgreatattractionofBuffalo's. D. Aplaceworthfightingfor.
(2)WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed"Mr.BuffaloRiver"?
A. Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.
B. BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.
C. Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.
D. Becausetheriverwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.
(3)Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?
A. Morethanhalfacentury. B. Justfourdecades. C. About30years. D. Only27years.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?
A. TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiver
B. StanleySpisiak:
The"Mr.BuffaloRiver"
C. ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiver
D. Riverprotection:
Alongwaytogo
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.“;第二段中的”Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.“可知,theBuffaloRiver过去是一条被严重污染的河。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的”StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾车)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:
‘Mr.BuffaloRiver.’"可知,Mr.Spisiak被称为“Mr.BuffaloRiver”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.”公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间;第二段中的“Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.”到了20世纪60年代,这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。
;以及最后一段中的“Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,”到目前为止,布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知,这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段和第二段说明了theBuffaloRiver严重受污染的情况,第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力,以及最后一段中的“Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.”是其现状。
综上可知,本文讲述的是被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
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