高考英语书面表达概要写作试题及解释.docx
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高考英语书面表达概要写作试题及解释.docx
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高考英语书面表达概要写作试题及解释
2019高考英语书面表达概要写作试题及解释
1、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Weallhavedailyproblemswithtechnology,buthowmanyofuscanfixthem?
MyaLeThai,ascientistfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvinerecentlydiscoveredaprocessthatmightresultinbatteriesthatcouldlastforever.
Thaisaidshewasfrustratedthatthebatteriesforherwirelessdevicesdegraded.Overtime,theyfailedtochargefully.Thaididnotliketokeepherwirelesslaptopconnectedtoanelectricaloutlet.Shedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst,sheandherteamatUCIrvinethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butastheyexperimented,Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithium-ion(锂离子)batteriestolastforever.Lithium-ionbatteriespowermostwirelessdevices.Overtime,thebatterieslosetheabilitytoholdacharge.Oneofthereasonswhylithium-ionbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowires(纳米线)tocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Theyareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity,whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.Buttheirthinnessalsomakesthemweak.‘‘Nanowiresbreakovertime,"shesaid.“That’swhytheylosecapacity.’’
But,Thaihadatheory:
Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwithagel.Sheandtheteamtestedhertheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork,"Thaisaid.Theteamtriedmanycoveringsforthewires.Thenanowireswerecoatedwithagel,PMMA,andcycledthroughcharging200,000times.Thegelshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestedthatbatteriescouldlastforeverwithoutlosingchargingability.
Thaisaid200,000cyclesamounttoaboutthreemonthsonjustonedevice.Thaihopestocontinueherresearchtoseeifanyothergelcouldworkbetter.
ThaitellsVOAsheisenjoyingthepublicityaboutherdiscovery.Shesaidsheneverexpectedherresearchtogetmediacoverage.“It’skindofcool,”shesaid.“I’mreallygladpeopleareshowinginterestinmywork—notjustintheworkitself,butalsointechnologyandenergy.”
2、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Anew,first-of-its-kindstudyexaminestheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudents’stresslevels.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiacollectedsaliva(唾液)samplesfromover400elementaryschoolchildren,gradesfourtoseven,at17publicschools.Cortisol(皮质醇)levelswerethenassessedfromthesamplesasthehormoneiscommonlyusedasabiologicalindicatorofstress.Correspondingly,teacherburnoutwasdeterminedthroughsurveyresults.
Investigatorsfoundthatinclassroomswhereteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students’cortisollevelswereelevated(提升).Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.ThestudyappearsinthejournalSocialScience&Medicine."Thissuggeststhatstresscontagion mightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsandtheirteachers,"saidEvaOberle,PhD,thestudy’sleadauthor.
Indeed,therelationshipbetweenstudentstressandteacherburnoutisachickenandeggquestion."Itisunknownwhatcamefirst,elevatedcortisolorteacherburnout.Weconsidertheconnectionbetweenstudentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.”Oberlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequatesupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachers’abilitytoeffectivelymanagetheirstudents.Apoorlymanagedclassroomcancontributetostudents'needsnotbeingmetandincreasingstress.Thiscouldbereflectedinelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents.
Alternatively,stresscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblems,orspecialneeds.Inthiscase,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout.
"Ourstudyisareminderofthesystemicissuesfacingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,’’saidOberle.“Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstudiesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleburnoutandrelievestressintheclassroom,”saidtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaeducationprofessorKimberlySchonertReichl,PhD,thestudy’sco-author.“Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthedamageofstudents.”
3、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Uploadingcountlessselfies(自拍照),writingpersonalstatusupdates,andcheckingyourmessageseveryotherminuteseemlikejustapartofmodemdailylife,right?
Thesearethemarkersoftherelationshipweallhavewithsocialmedianow,whichstartedoutjustasawaytocommunicatewithoneanother.
AccordingtoarecentstudybyexpertsattheUniversityofGeorgia,theremaybemoretoitthanthat.Thefindingssuggestedsomeunmistakablecorrelationsbetweensocialmediauseandwhat’sknownas“grandiosenarcissism(浮夸的自恋)”.
So,whendoessocialmediausebecomeaproblem?
TheUniversityofGeorgiacarriedouttheresearchaccordingtothefollowingquestions:
Howlongdopeoplespendonsocialmedia?
Howoftendotheytweetorupdatestatus?
Howmanyfriendsorfollowersdotheyhave?
Howmanyselfiesdotheytendtopost?
Ifyoudoalltheabovethings,itlikelysendssignalsaboutyourpersonality.
Alloftheseonlineactionshaveonethingincommon:
Theyareallwaysinwhichwetrytopromoteourselvesonline.Therefore,it9showyouusetheplatformthatcounts.
Then,exactlyhowmuchtimespentonlineistoomuch?
Theresearchersdidn'tmeasure.However,anotherstudyfromBaylorUniversitylistedSALIENCE(socialplatformsbecomingnecessaryinyourdailylife)andEUPHORIA(thefeelingofexcitementwhenyouusethem)amongotherthingsassignsofaddiction.Thatistosay,ifyouareconstantlyengagedwithsocialmediaonadailybasis,itcouldbeasignthatyouhaveanegativerelationshipwithit.
Therefore,it’showyouusetheplatformthatmatters.Socialmediaitselfmeansnoharm.Instead,morebenefitscanbegotifyouuseitcarefullyandwisely.
4、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Lifedoesn’talwaysturnoutthewaywe’dlike.Whensituationstakeanunfriendlyturn,webecomeupset,frustrated,andangry.Whenothersdon'tagreewithus,livetheirlivesthewaywethinktheyshouldnot,oractinamannerwefinddisturbing,angerisatypicalreaction.Itseemsthatwefeelangergivesusthemomentaryfeelingofpowerinasituationwherewefeelwehavelostauthority.However,infact,withtheexceptionofafewcases,anangryreactionrarelyimprovesthesituation.Itonlymakesthesituationworse.Thoughtfulconsiderationofwhatfeelingsandrepliesaremostadvantageousactuallyrestoresrealpower.Soconsiderthefollowingalternativestoanger.
Oneiscompassion,whichconsistsofbothunderstandingandempathy. Ifweviewanindividualwhosebehaviorwefindunacceptable,weshouldthinkeachpersonhasarighttolivelifeaccordingtotheirbeliefs,dreams,needsandsoon.Evenifsomeoneisactingimproperly,youshouldunderstandthemratherthangetbentoutofshape.Iftheyarestruggling,lost,orinpain,youshouldchoosetofeelempathyfortheirsuffering,hopingthattheywillsoonpassthroughtheircurrentchallengetoamorejoyfulplace.Ifyoudoso,yourangerwilldisappear.
Humorisanotherpowerfultoolforstoppingangerbecauseitcanhelpyoustaycalmwhenthingsgetbad.Sometimeswetakelifefartooseriously.Thatisbadforusandangeriseasytohappen.Weneedtousehumortoturnanyserioussituationintoalightone.Humoractsasaprotectivebarriertoemotionalpain.
Therefore,whenothersbehavebadly,finditinyourhearttoforgivethemfortheirunwisebehaviorratherthancomplain.Whenlifehandsyoutheexactoppositeofwhatyourequested,takenonoticeofitinsteadofgettingangry.Afterall,thebadsituationisonlytemporary.Sochoosethesealternativereactionstosoftenourheartandpreventangerfromhappeningsothatwecanenjoyourlifetothefullest.
5、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
ResearchersatSyracuseUniversityinNewYorktriedtoanswerthequestionwhypeopletakeselfies.Theycameupwithsomesurprisinganswers.
Peoplewhopostselfiesanduseeditingsoftwaretomakethemselveslookbettershowbehaviorconnectedtonarcissism.Narcissistsarepeoplewhothinkveryhighlyofthemselves,especiallyhowtheylook.Becausesocialmediacanbesuperficial,itisagoodplaceforpeopletoworktowardssatisfyingtheirownvanity.Superficial,socialmediaismostlyusedbypeopletoshareunimportantinformationabouttheirlives一notdeeplypersonalissues.
Thereareotherreasons,besidesnarcissism,whypeoplepostselfies.
TheSyracuseUniversityresearchfoundthatpeoplewhopostgroupselfiesshowaneedforpopularityandaneedtobelongtoagroup.
Otherfindingsfromthestudyinclude:
Menwhopostselfiesshowmoreofaneedtobeseenaspopularthanwomenwhopostselfies.
TheNewhouseSchool’sAssociateProfessorMakanaChockworkedonthestudy.AccordingtoCrock,selfiesshouldnotbeseenascompletelynegative.Somepeoplefeel“peerpressure”topostselfies.Andsomefollowthepopularbeliefthatifthereisnopictureofaneventorexperience,itdidnotreallyhappen.Postingselfiesonsocialmediaisnotallthatdifferentfromwhatpeoplehavedoneformanyyears.
Ontripsandspecialevents,ourparentsandgrandparentsusedcamerasinsteadofphonestotakephotos.Beforesocialmedia,peoplewouldbringbackphotostoshowfriendsandfamily.Youhadnochoicebuttolookatthem.
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