MBA英语写作练习.docx
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MBA英语写作练习.docx
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MBA英语写作练习
Part1练习一Successinimprovingstudents'thinkingskillswillrequirelong-termcommitmentandacontinuingemphasisonthoseproventeachingmethodsandactivitiesthatengagestudentsinthinking,explicitlyfocusonspecificthinkingskills,andhelpstudentsbecomemoreawareoftheirownthoughtprocesses.Instructioninthinkingskillswillhavelastingbenefits--studentsbetterabletoacquirenewinformation,toexaminecomplexissuescritically,andtosolvenewproblems.Inaworldofrapidchangeandincreasingcomplexity,itisdifficulttoimagineskillsthataremorefundamental.LiketheabilitytofishintheChineseproverb,theabilitytothinklastsalifetime.
练习二TheauthorofFAMILYVALUEpaintsaratherbleakvisionofsignswherethetraditionalfamilyisheadedinourpostindustrialage.Divorceisraging.Morepeoplearelivingalone.Couplesareoftenlivingtogetherwithoutthecommitmentofmarriage.ThesestatisticsareBritaintoday,butthephenomenaareoccurringthroughoutthepostindustrialworldaswell.Sociologistsdonotagreeastothecausesofthisbleakness.Somelayblameonsinglemotherswhosetupacycleofeconomicdeprivation,emotionalinstabilityandlackofparentalauthority.Othersfeelthatwomenworkingfulltimehavingfewerchildren,livingmuchlongerthantheirgrandmothers,yieldingtoadvertisingandfinancialstress,andstrivingto"succeed"intermsofamandominatedworldaretherealcauses.Also,familiesmaybebecomingmoreprivateastimeandoutsidestressdemandtoomuchofitsmembers.Itseems,thereisnosenseofplaceinatimeofcontinuousmovement,oldpeopleneedapurpose,andagingmustbeacknowledged.
练习三ResearchbyDeborahTannenprovidesuswithsomeimportantinsightsintothedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenintermsoftheirconversationalstyles.Inparticular,shehasbeenabletoexplainwhygenderoftencreatesoralcommunicationbarriers.TheessenceofTannen�6�8sresearchisthatmenusetalktoemphasizestatuswhereaswomenuseittocreateconnectionTannenstatesthatcommunicationisacontinualbalancingact,jugglingtheconflictingneedsforintimacyandindependence.Intimacyemphasizesclosenessandcommonalities.Independenceemphasizesseparatenessanddifferences.So,formanymen,conversationsareprimarilyameanstopreserveindependenceandmaintainstatusinahierarchicalsocialorder.Formanywomen,conversationsarenegotiationsforclosenessinwhichpeopletrytoseekandgiveconfirmationandsupport.
练习四What,then,doesDruckersuggestarethenewknowledge-basedindustriesonwhicheconomicgrowthwilldepend?
Hediscussesthreecategoriesofsuchindustries.Thefirstoftheseistheinformationindustry.Thisindustrycollects,stores,spreads,andappliesknowledgeItdependsonthecomputer.Inthefuture,however,thecomputeritselfwillprobablybecomelessimportantthancommunicatingandapplyingknowledge.Druckerforeseesacentralcomputerthatwillmakeinformationavailabletoeveryone.Anothersourceofnewindustriesisthescienceoftheoceans.Newtechnologiesmayhelptosupplyfoodandmineralsfromtheseas.Athirdnewsourceofeconomicgrowthisthematerialsindustry.Thisindustryprovidesthematerialsformakingobjects.Onesuchindustrythathasalreadybecomeeconomicallyimportantistheplasticindustry.Druckerexplainsthatthroughouthistoryourtraditionalmaterialshavebeenmetals,glass,naturalfibers,andpaper.Today,withthehelpofmodernscience,industriescanmakemanynewmaterialstomeetspecificneeds.Becausetheywillbecreatedtofitacertainproduct,theywillbehighlyefficient.Consequently,hepointsout,industriesthatsupplytraditionalmaterialssuchassteelorglasswillhavetroublecompetingwiththosethatproducethesenewmaterials.
练习五ThehardesthitofallthatweekwereWallStreet'sspecialistfirms,thetraderswhowerechargedwithmaintainingorderlymarkets.Thattaskrequiredthemtopurchasestockswhentherewerenootherbuyersandtomakesaleswhenothersellersdisappeared.Untiltheendofthatweek,atotal52specialistfirmshadworkedontheflooroftheNewYorkStockExchange:
eachhadhandledthesharesof20to30specifiedBigBoardcompanies.OnBlackMonday,thespecialistsgrimlyfulfilledtheirresponsibilities,buyingmillionsofsharesaspricesplungedallaroundthem.Theirlossescouldamounttoasmuchas$750million.SecuritiesfirmsoutsideWallStreetalsofeltmortalpain.The4500accountsoftheNewYorkStockExchangememberweretakenoverbyRodman&Renshaw,aChicagofirm.
练习六Bothsocieties,moreover,havedevelopedtothehighestlevelstheartsofbusinessandcommerce,ofbuyingandselling,andofadvertisingandmassproducing.FewsightsaremorereassuringtoAmericansthatthetensofthousandsofbustlingstoresseenin5apan,especiallythebeautiful,well-stockeddepartmentstores.ToAmericaneyes,theyseemjustlikeMacy'sorNeimanMarcusathome.Inaddition,bothJapanandAmericaareconsumersocieties.Thepeopleofbothcountrieslovetoshopandareenthusiasticconsumersofconvenienceproductsandfastfoods.VendingmachinessellingeverythingfromfreshflowerstohotcoffeeareaspopularinJapanastheyareinAmerica,andfast-foodnoodleshopsareascommoninJapanasMcDonald'srestaurantsareinAmerica.
练习七Ontheotherhand,whenoneisseatedataconferencetablebeforeameetingoratadinnerwithapersonwhosegoodregardmustnotbeforsaken,lessmayinfactbeless.Sowhatshouldyourfacebedoing?
I'magainstfakesmiling,althoughIindulgeinitallthetime.Beyondbingedrinking,it'sthebusinessactivitythatultimatelyinflictsthemostphysicaldamage.We'vegottofindsomethingotherthansmilingtogetthejobdone.Butwhatelseisthere?
There'sfrowningpersively,ifyoucanpullthatoffwithoutlookingindisposed.There'sabemusedmini-grin,whichdoesn'tbreakallthebonesinyourfaceandconveysgoodwillatleast.There'sblankaffability,which,withgoodeyebrowwork,canserveoverthecourseofanentiredinner.ButIadmitit.Thisisatoughonethatwe'llhavetoworkoutlater.Untilsomethingbetterisfound,smilingconvincinglyandinavarietyofmannersstillrules.
练习八TeamworkWorkingtogethertoplanforthegrowthandmaintenanceofsomethingisabasichumanneed.Peoplearegregariousbynature:
ournatureistonurture.Work,withitslimitedabilitytofinanciallycompensateemployees,providesanunendingsourceforintrinsicmotivatorsandrewards.Teamworkpullsandputspeopletogethertocreateandproduce.Itbecomesaself-fulfillingrewardsystem.Itprovidesthespirit,enthusiasm,fun,“braintrust”andenvironmentforcreativeconflictandcompetitionthatdrivespeopletoproduceandexcel.Motivatedemployees,likemotivatedcustomers,areaninvestmentforanycompany.Inthefinalanalysis,allbusinessesarecustomerservicebusinesses,andallemployeesareemissaries.Whencheckingitsviabilityinthemarketplace,everybusinessmustlookatitsresponsibilitiesonbothbottomlines:
financialresourcesandhumanresources.
练习九Ofcourseyouwouldliketodoubleyourmoney.Iunderstandexactlyhowyoufeel.Thehopethatsuchathingwillhappenforthemiswhatpullshundredsofthousandsofpeopletotheracetracksandtothegamblingtableseveryday.Butthere'sonegreatdifferencebetweenthosepeopleandyou.Whentheyplaceabetonahorse,acard,oranumber,theydosowiththefullrealizationthatthemoneytheyputupwillbringthemnodividendsorinterest,andiftheyhappentobewrong,themoneyisgoneforever.Mrs.Brown,youandIhavehadsomelongsessionstogether.Youhavebeenfrankandopenwithme,trustingmeasyourcounselor,andIknowhowimportantitistoyoutopreserveeverybitofyourcapital.You'veshownmethevitalneedtokeepthatmoneyworkingforyousothatitcanproducetheincomeyouneedforyourlivingexpenses.IwouldbedoingyouaseriousdisserviceifIdidnotwarnyou,asemphaticallyasIknowhow,againstthestepyouareconsidering.
练习十Manychangesintheworldofbusinessmayseemsurprisingifwearecompletelyblindtothefuture.Butexpertssaywecansee,atleastpartofitfromwherewestand.Usingchaostheorytounderstandtheinterconnectednessoftheworld—thinkofthe"butterflyeffect"—willhelpusrecognizethecausesofcertain"chancehappenings"andbebetterpreparedtocopewiththem.TakeAsia'sfinancialcrisis.Inthepast,companieswouldhavesaiditwasjustanotherrandomevent."Thetruthis,manyoftheseseeminglyrandomeventscanaffecttheirbusiness,"saysSanders.Giventheinterconnectednessoftheglobaleconomy,Sanderssays,it'smoreimportantthaneverthatcompaniesbeawareofemergingissuesandquicklydeterminehowtorespond.Buttodoso,theyneedanorganicandevolvingapproachtoplanning.Theoldplanningmodelfocusedon"forecasting"oneorafewpossiblepathsofevents,whilearevolutionaryparadigmcalled"foresighting"allowsonetomasterthesituationnomatterhowthefutureturnsout.AccordingtoSanders,understandingthepresentistheprimarystepingaininginsightintothefuture.
Part2
练习一Whenthepublicdemands"lawandorder"andwhennewspaperseditorialstalkaboutthe"risingtideofcrime,"theyhaveinmindmostlystreetcrimecommittedbythepoor.EventhemassivereportofthePresident'sCrimeCommission,theChallengeofCrimeinaFreeSociety,devotedonlytwopagestotheentiresubjectofwhite-collaroffendersandbusinesscrimes.Thedeepconcernwithstreetcrimesisunderstandable.Unlikeaswindler,whomerelytakesthevictim'smoney,anarmedmuggerthrea
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