语言学exercise112.docx
- 文档编号:10278551
- 上传时间:2023-05-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:46
- 大小:43.09KB
语言学exercise112.docx
《语言学exercise112.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《语言学exercise112.docx(46页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
语言学exercise112
ChapterOne
I.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
1.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk_____oftherulesofhislanguage.knowledge
2.Languereferstothea_____linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.abstract
3.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.Duality
4.Languageisasystemofa_____vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.arbitrary
5.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds_____.syntax
6.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag_____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.genetic
7.P_____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Parole
8.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa_____linguistics.applied
9.Languageisp_____inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.productive
10.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes_____studyoflanguage.scientific(orsystematic)
II.Fillintheblanks.
11.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof_____communication.verbal
12.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed_____.creativity/productivity
13.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis_____.metalingualfunction
14.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe_____theory.yo-he-ho
15.Thetheorythatlanguagearosefrominstinctiveemotionalcries,expressiveofpainorjoyhasbeencalledthe_____theory.pooh-pooh
16.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof______.language
17.Modernlinguisticsis_____inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.descriptive
18.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_____overwriting.speech
19.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa____study.diachronic
20.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.langue
21.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure'slangueandChomsky's_____.competence
III.Choosethebestanswer.
22.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman_____.
A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community
23.Languageis_____.
A.instinctiveB.non-instinctiveC.staticD.geneticallytransmitted
24.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas_____.
A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefeareC.naturalD.abnormal
25.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?
A.treeB.crashC.typewriterD.bang
26.Thefunctionofthesentence"Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade"is_____.
A.interrogativeB.DirectiveC.informativeD.performative
27.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosaysuisuipingan(everyyearbesafeandhappy)asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichthebelieversfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.Interpersonal.B.Emotive.C.Performative.D.Recreational.
28.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.Transferability.B.Duality.C.Displacement.D.Arbitrariness.
29.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
-Aniceday,isn'tit?
-Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive.B.Phatic.C.Performative.D.Interpersonal.
30.Whichbranchoflinguisticsstudiesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamonglanguages?
A.Diachroniclinguistics.B.Synchroniclinguistics.
C.Prescriptivelinguistics.D.Comparativelinguistics.
31._____referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole
32._____dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.LinguisticgeographyB.Sociolinguistics
C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics
33.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_____.
A.prescriptive B.analyticC.descriptive D.linguistic
34.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.Arbitrariness B.DisplacementC.Duality D.Meaningfulness
35.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_____.
A.primary B.correctC.secondary D.stable
36.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because_____.
A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed
C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D.Alloftheabove
37.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronic B.diachronicC.descriptive D.comparative
38.Saussuretooka(n)_____viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma_____pointofview.
A.sociological…psychologicalB.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic
39.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole B.performanceC.langue D.Language
40.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_____andmeanings.
A.sense B.soundsC.objects D.ideas
41.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_____.
A.displacement B.dualityC.flexibility D.culturaltransmission
42.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_____,ratherthanbyinstinct.
A.learning B.teachingC.books D.bothAandB
IV.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].
43.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.T
44.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.F
45.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.F
46.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.T
47.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.T
48.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.F
49.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.T
50.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.F
51.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.T
52.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.F
53.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.T
54.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.T
55.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.T
56.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.T
57.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.T
58.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.F
59.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.T
60.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.F
61.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.F
62.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.F
63.Dualityisoneofthecharacteristicsofhumanlanguage.Itreferstothefactthatlanguagehastwolevelsofstructures:
thesystemofsoundsandthesystemofmeanings.T
64.Prescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguistics,becauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.F
65.Competenceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser'sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.T
66.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.F
67.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andconventionalityoflanguagemakesalanguagebepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Asaforeignlanguagelearner,thelatterismoreimportantforus.T
68.Bydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.T
69.Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.T
70.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.F
71.Inlanguageclassroomsnowadaystheg
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 语言学 exercise112