33 阅读理解增分攻略三解析版赢战届高考英语重点难点增分攻略.docx
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33 阅读理解增分攻略三解析版赢战届高考英语重点难点增分攻略.docx
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33阅读理解增分攻略三解析版赢战届高考英语重点难点增分攻略
赢战2020届高考英语重点难点【阅读理解】增分攻略三解析版
二、做出推理和判断——推理判断题
推理判断题——据文推理选答案
1.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式:
(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________.
(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat________.
(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.
(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________.
(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?
(6)What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?
(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________.
(8)Thefirst/lastparagraphservesasa(n)________.
2.掌握推理判断题的考查角度:
(1)高频考点:
推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
(2)低频考点:
推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。
推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论
推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出合情合理的推理和判断,即考生不仅需要读懂原文,而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。
其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话,但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。
常见的设问方式:
◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.
◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.
◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.
◆Whatcanweinferabout...?
◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?
◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply?
写作意图题——文体特点看意图
通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。
所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
常见的设问方式:
◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?
◆Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?
◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?
◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto________.
观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
高考英语阅读理解对观点态度类的设题越来越灵活,题目难度也有所增加,考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或态度的题量较多。
这对考生对文章的主旨大意和细节的理解提出了更高的要求,考生要利用多种阅读理解的技巧来仔细确定提干的关键信息,借此定位文中的原句并准确推断出答案。
常见的设问方式:
◆Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?
◆Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?
◆Whatistheauthor’sopinionon/about...?
◆Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?
◆Howdoestheauthorsoundin...paragraph?
◆Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?
◆Theauthorthinks...is________.
◆Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________.
赢战2020届高考英语重点难点【阅读理解】提能训练三
Test1
Encouraginglifetobloominthemiddleofadesertisnoeasytask.ButonecompanyintheUnitedArabEmirateshascomeupwithaplantoprovidedrinkingwaterforthestate’scitizens.ThecompanyintendstodragicebergsfromAntarcticatothegulfcoastinordertoharvestitsfreshwater.
ThecompanyplanstosourcethemassiveblocksoficefromHeardIsland,around600milesoffthecoastofmainlandAntarctica.Itwillthentransportthemaround5,500milestoFujairah,onepartoftheUAE.Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears,accordingtothecompany.
Thecompany’sdirectorsaystheyhavealreadytravelledthetransportationrouteandcheckedthepossibilityofthescheme,accordingtoreportsinGulfNews.SpeakingtothesiteaboutwhatheiscallingtheUAEIcebergProject,AbdullahMohammadSulaimanAlShehisaid,“Wehavemadethetechnicalandfinancialplan.Wewillstarttheprojectatthebeginningof2018.Wewantitmainlyforthewater.Itcouldalsobegoodfortourismandtheweather.”
TheUAEisoneofthedriestcountriesintheworld,duetoitsextremelyaridclimate,whichreceiveslessthanfourinchesofrainfallperyear.Despitethat,itconsumesmorewaterthandoubletheglobalnationalaverage,puttingthecountryatsevereriskofdroughtsoverthenext25years.
Anaverageicebergcontainsmorethan20billiongallonsofwater,accordingtothecompany.Theicebergtakesalongtimetomeltas80percentofitisunderthewater,whilethewhiteiceabovereflectssunlightanddeflects(使转向)itsheat.Blocksoficewillbeplacedingianttanks,beforebeingprocessed.“Thisisthepurestwaterintheworld,”Mr.AlShehiadded.
1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheUAEproject?
A.ItwillhelptheUAEharvestfreshwater.
B.ItwillencouragelifetoboominAntarctica.
C.ItwillputtheUAEatsevereriskofdroughts.
D.ItwillcompletelychangetheclimateintheUAE.
2.Wherecouldtheblockoficecomefrom?
A.TheAtlanticOcean. B.Fujairah.
C.TheGulf.D.HeardIsland.
3.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbenefitfromtheproject?
A.Thelocalpeople.B.Antarctica.
C.Theweather.D.Tourism.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,文中介绍了阿联酋有一家公司计划把南极洲的冰山运到附近的海湾,以解决国内的缺水问题。
1.A 解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第一段中的“ThecompanyintendstodragicebergsfromAntarcticatothegulfcoastinordertoharvestitsfreshwater.”可知,这个项目会给阿联酋带来淡水。
故选A项。
2.D 解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中的“ThecompanyplanstosourcethemassiveblocksoficefromHeardIsland,around600milesoffthecoastofmainlandAntarctica.”可知,这个公司计划从HeardIsland上获取冰山。
source在本句中表示“从……获得”。
3.B 解析:
细节理解题。
根据文中第二段中的“Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears”和第三段中的“Itcouldalsobegoodfortourismandtheweather.”可知,冰山可以为人们带来淡水,这个项目对旅游业和气候也有利,结合题目要求可知选B项。
Test2
Iwaswaitingformytrainandonthesubwaystation’sfloorwasamanjustsittingthere.IlookedaroundandnobodystoppedsoIjustwentmyway.Afterafewsteps,Iturnedandaskedhimwhetherheneededhelp.Hetoldmehishousewasonestationfurtherandhewouldonlyneedtotakethetrainthere.SoIreachedforhishandtohelphimstandup.
HewantedtotakethestairsbutIfearedthathewouldhurthimselfsinceheseemedtooweaktowalk,soIaskedhimtotaketheelevator.Eventhoughmymindwastryingtoturnthedangerlightson,IputthethoughtthatIshouldnotgoalonewithadrunkenmanoutofmymindandaccompaniedhimontheelevator.
Wearrivedontheplatformwithnoincidents.Theman’skneesseemedtosoften,soIaskedhimtorestonabench.Whilesittingthere,hethankedme,tellingmethatIsavedhim.No,Isaid,Ireallydidnothing;hesavedhimselfashewalkedonhisownfeet.
Atthenextstation,wesaidourgoodbyes.BeforeIknewit,heleft100dollarsanddashedoutofthetrain.Therewasnowaytogivehimbackhismoney.Iwantedtoleaveitontheseat,butayoungwomanwhothoughtitbelongedtomeranaftermeandgavemethenote.
MyinitialreactiontogettingthatmoneywasofshameandIevenfeltoffended.ThenIthoughthejustwantedtothankme,thebestwayheknewhow.Now,myquestioniswhatactofkindnessshallIdowiththese100dollars?
4.Whywasthemansittingonthesubwaystation’sfloor?
A.Becausehewantedtogohome.
B.Becausehewasseriouslyill.
C.Becausehewasdrunk.
D.Becausehewaswaitingforthetrain.
5.Seeingthemoneyleftbytheman,theauthorfirstfelt________.
A.ashamedB.grateful
C.delightedD.frustrated
6.Howwilltheauthorpossiblydealwiththemoney?
A.Giveitback.
B.Buysomethingfavorite.
C.Leaveitontheseat.
D.Giveittopeopleinneed.
7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.IhelpedthemanthemomentIsawhim.
B.Iaccompaniedthemantotakethestairs.
C.Ithoughtitunsafetogoalonewiththedrunkenmanatfirst.
D.Ayoungwomanranaftermeandgavemethenote.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
作者在地铁站台看到有个醉汉坐在地上,于是把对方搀扶起来并陪他坐上地铁,临下车的时候对方塞给作者一百美元,作者准备用这笔钱继续帮助别人。
4.C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句中的“Iputthethought...withadrunkenman”可知,这个人坐在地铁站的地上是因为喝醉了。
5.A 解析:
细节理解题。
根据尾段第一句中的“Myinitialreaction...wasofshame”可知,作者看到这笔钱最初的反应是感到羞愧,因此选A。
6.D 解析:
推理判断题。
根据尾段最后一句“Now,myquestionis...dowiththese100dollars?
”可推知,作者下一步要用这笔钱去帮助他人,因此选D。
7.C 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第二段可知,作者先是把不应该单独与这个醉汉同行的念头赶走,然后在电梯里陪着他,因此C项正确。
Test3
Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundstendtodolesswellintheeducationsystem.Inanattempttohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalledHeadStartwasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopreschoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,“HeadStart”childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.
Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatconcentratedonparentsasthechild’sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefouryearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocioeconomicstatuses,agesandfamilystructures.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidance,andusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.
Atthree,thechildreninvolvedintheMissouriprogramwereevaluatedwiththechildrenselectedfromthesamesocioeconomicbackgroundsandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocioeconomicbackgroundsorfamilystructures.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild’sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparentchildinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.
TheMissouriprogramcomparesquitedistinctlywiththeHeadStartprogram.Withoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalunfairness.
8.Whatcausedthefailureofthe“HeadStart”program?
A.Thelargenumberofpoorfamilies.
B.Thedisapprovalfromchildren.
C.Thelatestartoftheprogram.
D.Thelongperiodoftime.
9.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“Missouri”program?
A.Itfocusedonthechildren’sfirstschoolteachers.
B.Ithelpedthechildrenreturntothesamehome.
C.Itmadethechildrenimpr
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