决胜四级阅读2.docx
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决胜四级阅读2.docx
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决胜四级阅读2
决胜四级--阅读
(2)
1
Ifthesalinity(含盐量)ofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowatervapour.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind;this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.
Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation(降水),suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdiluted(冲淡)sothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhere
riversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubstractionofthewaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.
Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.
Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.
IntheWeddellSea,ofAmerica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasa
resultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.This
heavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.
1.Allofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecreasesalinityexcept____.
A.runoffB.evaporationC.meltingD.precipitation
2.Thesalinityoftheoceanicwaterisgenerallyhigherin____.
A.tropicalareasB.coastalregions
C.turbulentareasD.rainyregions3.TheWeddellSeaismentionedinthepassageto____.
A.giveanexampleofcoldwatersalinity
B.pointoutthelocationofdeepwaters
C.compareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters
D.indicatethatthisbodyofwaterhassalinityvariations
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE,accordingtothepassage?
A.Variousfactorscombinetocausevariationsinthesalinityofwater.
B.Asaresultoftheformationofoceanicewatersalinitydecreases.
C.Thesalinityofthewaternearthebottomoftheoceansisrelatively
high.
D.Incoastalareastheoceanisdilutedbyrivers.
5.Themajorpointsdiscussedinthepassageis____.
A.thesubtractionofwater
B.theconversionofliquidwatertowatervapour
C.thesalinityofoceanwater
D.theeffectofprecipitationonthesalinityofoceanwater
2
ThecathasprobablybeenassociatedwithMansinceitwasfirstgivenaplacebyhisfireinreturnforkeepingthecavedwellingfreeofratsandmice.The
relationshipbetweenthecatandManhasnotbeenconstant,however.Man’sattitudehasrangedthroughindifferenceandneglecttotheextremesofpersecution(残
害)andworship.
TheEgyptianshadgreatfaithinthepowerofalivingcattoprotectthemfrombothnaturalandsupernaturalevils.Theymadesmallornamentsandcharmsrepresentingcatsandthevariouscatdeities(神性).Thesedecoratedtheirhomesand
wereburiedwiththemtoensurethatthesoulofthedeadpersonwasprotected
onit’sperilousjourneythroughthehostilespiritworld.
PiousEgyptiansalwaysmummifiedtheircatsandhadthemburiedwithalmost
asmuchreverence(尊严)asiftheywerehumanbeings.Attheendofthelastcentury,acatcemeterywasdiscoverednearthesiteoftheancientcityofBubastis.
Hereliterallyhundredsofthousandsoflittlecatmummieswerefoundrangedneatlyonshelves.Somewerestolen,somedestroyed,andantiquedealerssoldmanyto
tourists.Thousandswereleft.
TheancientJewsbelievedthatwhenareligiouspersonwhohadreachedahighdegreeofsanctitydied,hissoulenteredthebodyofacatandremainedthere
untilthecatitselfdiedanaturaldeath.OnlythencoulditenterParadise.
ExactlythesamebeliefexistedinBurmaandThailanduntilcomparativelyrecently,andbeautifulsacredcatswerekeptingreatluxuryinthetemples.WhenamemberoftheroyalhouseofSiamdied,hisfavoritecatwasburiedalivewithhimbutasmallopeningwasalwaysleftforitsescape.Whenthecatemerged,thepriestsknewthattheprince’ssoulhadsafelyentereditsfeline(似猫的)host,andthecatwasceremoniallysenttotheTemple.AtthecrowningoftheyoungKingofSiamin1926,awhitecatwascarriedbyacourtofficialintheprocessiontotheThroneRoom.TheoldKing’ssoulwasrestinginthiscat,andhisfaithfulformercourtiersknewthathewouldwanttobepresentatthecrowningofhissuccessor.
6.Man’sattitudetowardscatshasbeen____.
A.constantlyhostilethroughouttheages
B.friendly
C.throughmanychanges
D.negligentfromtimeimmemorial
7.Theword“perilous”inthelastsentenceofParagraph2mostprobably
means____.
A.dangerousB.longC.boringD.pleasant
8.AncientEgyptiansburiedcatlikeornamentswiththemforthereasonthat____.
A.theyhadblindworshipofcats
B.theyhadnaturalinclinationtopersecutecats
C.theyhopedtobeunderthecat’sprotectionagainstallevils
D.catsweretheirpets
9.TheancientJewsheldthebeliefthat____.
A.goodcatscouldenterparadiseaftertheydiedanaturaldeath
B.agoodman’ssoulwasprotectedbyacatC.aholyperson’ssoulenteredacat’sbodyafterhisdeathD.manhadtobelievereligion
10.Atthe1926CoronationofSiamawhitecatwas____.
A.escortedtotheTemple
B.believedtobethespiritualguardianoftheoldking
C.presentedtothenewking
D.buriedalivewiththeoldking
3
Onefamoussurgeonalwaysmadeitaruletospendatleast15minutesongeneral
readingbeforehewenttosleepeachnight.Whetherhewenttobedat10p.m.or
2.30a.m.madenodifference.Evenifyoucannotkeeptothiskindofdiscipline,itisagoodideatomakesureyoualwayshaveageneralinterestbookinyour
pocket.Don’tforgetitshouldbeabookwhichentertainsyouandtheEnglishmustnotbetoodifficultforyou.
Nearlyall“speedreading”coursehavea“pacing”element—sometiming
devicewhichletsthestudentsknowhowmanywordsaminuteheisreading.Youcandothissimplybylookingatyourwatch5or10minutesandnotingdownthepagenumberyouhavereached.Checktheaveragenumberofwordsperpagefortheparticularbookyouarereading.Paceyourselfeverythreeorfourdays,alwayswiththesamekindofeasy,generalinterestbook.Youshouldsoonnoticeyourhabitualw.p.m.ratecreepingup.Obviouslythereislittlepointinincreasingyourw.p.m.rateifyoudonotunderstandwhatyouarereading.Whenyouareconciouslytryingtoincreaseyourreadingspeed,stopaftereverychapterifyouarereadinganoveloreverysectionorgroupoftenortwelvepagesifitisatextbookandaskyourselfafewquestionsaboutwhatyouhavebeenreading.Ifyoufindyouhavelostthethreadofthestory,oryoucan’trememberclearlythedetailsofwhatwassaid,rereadthesectionorchapter.
Trythisfromtimetotime.Takefourorfivepagesofthegeneralinterestbookyouhappentobereadingatthetime.Readthemasfastasyoupossiblycan.Don’tbotheraboutwhetheryouunderstandornot.Nowgobackandreadthematwhat
youfeeltobeyour“normal”w.p.m.rate,therateatwhichyoucancomfortably
understand.Aftera“lightningspeed”readthroughprobablyaround600w.p.m.,you
willusuallyfindthatyour“normal”speedhasincreaedperhapsbyasmuchas50—100w.p.m.Thisisthetechniqueathletesusewhentheyhabituallyrunfurt
herintrainingthantheywillhavetoonthedayofthebigrace.
11.Thefamoussurgeonmentionedinthefirstparagraphexemplifiesthepeoplewho____.
A.makeitaruletoreadat10p.m.or2:
30a.m.everyday
B.areinthehabitofdoingregularreadingeverydaynomatterhowbusy
theyare
C.alwayshaveaninterestingbookintheirpockets
D.habituallygotobedlate
12.Apacingdeviceofareadingcourseisaimedatenablingthestudents
to____.
A.assesstheirreadingspeed
B.speeduptheirreading
C.checktheircomprehension
D.dothemostefficientreading13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Youcanneverignoreyourcomprehensionwhenyoutrytoincreaseyour
readingspeed.
B.ThepurposeoflightningspeedexerciseistohelpyouwintheEnglish
contest.
C.Topaceyourself,youshouldusebookswithmoreorlessthesamedegreesofdifficulty.
D.ItisalwaysagoodideatocarryinyourpocketaneasyandinterestingEnglishbook.14.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto____.
A.emphasizetheimportanceofreading
B.classifydifferentkindsofreadingmaterials
C.givesuggestionsforreadingpractice
D.setapaceinreading
15.Allofthefollowingpointsarehintsforreadingpracticegivenbytheauthorexcept____.
A.checkingyourprogressthroughpacing
B.settingasidetimeeachdayforgeneralreading
C.doinglightningspeedexerciseD.recallingthethreadofthestoryalreadyread
4
Theearlyscientificstudyofchemistry,knownasalchem
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