英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx
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英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx
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英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》(2004年版)练习答案
【Chapter1】
7.tart:
loosewoman
bloke:
fellow
gat:
pistol
swell:
great
chicken:
coward
blue:
fight
smoky:
police
full:
drunk
dame:
woman
beaver:
girl
8.
haply=perhaps
albeit=although
methinks=itseemstomeeke=also
sooth=truth
morn=morning
troth=pledge
ere=before
quoth=said
hallowed=holy
12.
billow=wave/thesea
bade=bid
Denizens
Aliens
Translationloans
Semanticloans
kettle
confrere
chopstick
dream
die
propatria
typhoon
wall
Wunderkind
blackhumour
skirt
mikado
longtimenosee
husband
parvenu
【Chapter2】
Ex.1
TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.
2.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily
Balto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanic
Roumanian
Hindi
Breton
Spanish
Greek
English
Lithuanian
Persian
Scottish
French
Swedish
Prussian
Irish
Italian
German
Polish
Portuguese
Norweigian
Slavenian
Icelandic
Russian
Danish
Bulgarian
Dutch
6.
Wheninthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.
MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.
8.eventful[Latin+English]falsehood[Latin+English]saxophone[German+Greek]heirloom[French+English]
hydroplane[Greek+Latin]pacifist[Latin+Greek]
josshouse[Portuguese+English]television[Greek+Latin]
9.
amateur(late)
finac
é(late)
empire(early)
peace(E)
courage(E)
garage(L)
judgement(E)
chair(E)
chaise(L)
grace(E)
servant(E)
routine(L)
jealous(E)
savat
é(L)
genre(L)
gender(E)
début(L)
morale(L)
state(E)chez(L)ballet(L)
11.
allegro,f
andante,j
diminuendo,
largo,d
pianoforte,a
alto,i
crescendo,b
forte,e
piano,h
soprano,c
轻快
行板
g渐弱
缓慢
轻转慢
女低音
渐强
强
轻
女高音
12.
cherub(Hebrew)
coolie(Hindi)
lasso(Sp)
shampoo(Indian)
tepee(AmInd)
kibitz(G)
chipmunk(AmInd)
cotton(Arab)
snorkel(G)
tulip(Turk)
wok(Ch)
chocolate(Mex)
jubilee(Gr)
Sabbath(Heb)
tamale(Mex)
voodoo(Afr)
loot(Hindi)
sauerbraten(G)
13.
a.alligator
b.loco
c.rodeo
d.bonanza
e.igloo
f.blitzkrieg
g.wigwam
h.canoe
i.hurricane
j.boomerang
k.panchos
【Chapter3】
1.a.morpheme
c.boundmorpheme
e.affix
g.derivationalaffix
i.stem
b.allomorph
d.freemorpheme
f.informationalaffix
h.root
j.base
3.individualistic
individualist+ic[stem,base]individual+ist[stem,base]individu+al[stem,base]
in+dividu[root,stem,base]
undesirables
un+desirable[stem,base]desir+able[root,stem,base]
morpheme
freemorpheme=freeroot
boundroot
boundmorpheme
affix
inflectionalaffix
prefix
derivationalaffix
suffix
【Chapter4】
Affixation
5.
non-smoker
incapable
impractical
disobey
insecurity
irrelevant
immature
inability/disability
unofficially
unwillingness
illegal
disagreement
illogical
disloyal
inconvenient
non-athletic
6.
harden
horrify
modernize
memorize
falsify
apologize
deepen
glorify
sterilize
lengthen
intensify
beautify
fatten
sympathize
a.
apologized
b.
beautify
c.
lengthening
d.
sympathized
e.
fatten
f.
falsify
g.
memorizing
h.
Sterilize
7.
a.
employee
b.
politician
c.
participant
d.
waitress
e.
conductor
f.
teacher
g.
pianist
h.
examinee/examiner
8.
trans-=across:
transcontinental,trans-world
mono-=one:
monorail,monoculture
super-=over,above:
superstructure,supernatural
auto-=self:
autobiography,automobile
sub-=bad,badly:
malpractice,malnutrition
mini-=little,small:
minicrisis,miniwar
pre-=before:
prehistorical,preelection
ex-=former:
ex-teacher,ex-filmer
Compounding
heartbeat[S+V]movie-goer[place+V]far-reaching[V+Adv]lion-hearted[adv+a]boyfriend[S+complement]snapdecision[V+O]on-coming[V+adv]light-blue[a+a]
brainwashing[V+O]
bakingpowder[V+adv]
dog-tired[adv+a]
love-sick[adv+a]
peace-loving[V+O]
easychair[a+n]
tax-free[adv+a]
goings-on[V+adv]
4.well-bred/well-behavedculture-bound/homebound
needlework/homework
praiseworthy/respectworthy
bar-woman/sportswoman
nation-wide/college-wide
clear-minded/strong-minded
military-style/newstyle
self-control/self-respect
budget-related/politics-related
water-proof/fire-proof
once-fashionable/once-powerful
news-film/news-letter
mock-attack/mock-sadness
sister-in-law/father-in-law
home-baked/home-produced
half-way/half-done
ever-lasting/ever-green
age-conscious/status-conscious
campus-based/market-based
Conversion
7.a.
stomach[n
→v]
b.
room[n
→v]
c.
wolf[n
→v]
d.
come/go[v
→n]
e.
familiar[a
→n]
f.
innocent[a
n]→
g.
flat[a
→n]
h.
ah/ouch[int
→v]
i.warm[a→n]
j.has-been/might-havebeen-[finitev
k.Hamlet[propern→v]
l.buy[v→n]
m.smooth[a→v]
→
n]
Blending
motel(motor+hotel)
humint(human+intelligence)
advertisetics(advertisement+statistics)
psywarrior(psychologicalwarrior)
hoverport(hovercraft+port)
chunnel(channel+tunnel)
hi-fi(high+fidelity)
cinemactresscinema(+actress)
Clipping
copter(helicopter)
lab(laboratory)
gas(gasoline)
scope(telescope)
sarge(sergeant)
ad(advertisement)
dorm(dormitory)
prefab(prefabricatedhouse)
prof(professor)
champ(champion)
mike(microphone)
tec(detective)
Acronymy
2.
kg=kilogramft=foot
cm=centimeter$=dollar
ibid=ibidemetc.=etcetera
cf=confer
VIP=veryimportantperson
OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountriesTOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage
3.a.SALT
b.radar
c.AIDS
d.BASIC
e.Laser
f.WHO
g.sonar
h.G-man
Backformation
2.lase(laser)escalate(escalator)babysit(babysitter)peeve(peevish)orate(orator)commute(commuter)
CommonizationofProperNames
a.tantalize—Tantalus
b.Argus-eyed—Argus
c.narcissism—Narcissus
d.sabotage—sabots
e.martinet—Martinet
f.yahoo—Yahoo
g.Shylock—Shylock
h.hoovering—Hoover
i.utopia—Utopia
j.UncleTommism—UncleTom
【Chapter5】
6.apes—bbirds—a
cattle—mcricket—n
doves—cfoxes—j
geese—ksheep—f
wolves—gmonkeys—e
pigs—lhyenas—h
turkeys—dswans—i
9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfornuclear
powermighthaveallthepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas
“benefit,energy”,etc.
b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheend
ofWorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith
suchas“suffering,killing,death,horror",etc.
c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith
science,knowledge”,etc.
“atomic“my
10.talkative:
articulate:
gossip:
rambling:
fluent:
mouthy:
implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlength(neutral)
expressingoneselfeasilyandclearlypositive()
indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers(negative)
talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas(negative)
speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressivelypositive()
overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway(nagative)
11.
No
Appreciative
Neutral
Pejorative
1
2
3
particular
critical
style/vogue
fastidious/fussy
fault-finding/picky
fad
4
5
6
7
8
artful
developing
encourage/promote
unstable
group
cunning/sly
fickle/capricious
underdeveloped/backward
instigate
clique/gang
14.bull[-HUMANcow[-HUMANcalf[-HUMANrooster[-HUMANhen[-HUMANchicken[-HUMAN
+MALE
-MALE
+MALE
+MALE
-MALE
+MALE
+ADULT
+ADULT
-ADULT
+ADULT
+ADULT
+ADULT
+BOVINE]
+BOVINE]
+BOVINE]
+GALLINE]
+GALLINE]
+GALLINE]
bull
rooster
+MALE
-HUMAN
cow
hen
-MALE
calf
chicken
+ADULT
+BOVINE
+GALLINE
【Chapter6】
Polysemy
4.
board
apieceoftimber
table
diningtablecounciltable
foodservedat
councilors;
thetable;meal
committee
;
suppliedbythe
directors
ofa
weekormonth
company
Homonymy
4.1)Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans
enoughmoneyforone’sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusesthepairof
homonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakesaproperanswerto
thelady’squestion
(1).Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat(makewhole
sausageswithallmeat)becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet(If
theymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnot
earnenoughmoneytosurvive.)
(2)Don’tcomplain.Allthebutchers
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