1构建 MySQL 数据库服务器.docx
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1构建 MySQL 数据库服务器.docx
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1构建MySQL数据库服务器
<构建MySQL数据库服务器>(最近更新日:
2006/08/30)
前 言
在提到网站构架的时候,我们经常能够看到“LAMP”的说法,它就是“Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP”。
MySQL+PHP的协同成功案例已经很多了。
比如国外的PHPBB,VBB,国内的Discuz!
论坛等等程序,都是用PHP+MySQL实现的。
和那些商务专用数据库比起来,MySQL的功能和规模可能被好多人说的逊色一些,但对于我们个人来说,它的功能已经算是完备。
而且,通过Discuz!
官方论坛上同时在线人数的数目,也可以证明MySQL的稳定性。
这里,介绍一下CentOS下MySQL数据库服务器的构建方法。
安装MySQL及相关组件
首先,安装MySQL。
[root@sample~]#yum-yinstallmysql-server ←安装MySQL
SettingupInstallProcess
Settinguprepositories
dag100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
update100%|=========================|951B00:
00
base100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
addons100%|=========================|951B00:
00
extras100%|=========================|1.1kB00:
00
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
primary.xml.gz100%|=========================|106kB00:
00
update:
##################################################261/261
Added5newpackages,deleted0oldin2.02seconds
ReducingDagRPMRepositoryforRedHatEnterpriseLinuxtoincludedpackagesonly
Finished
Parsingpackageinstallarguments
ResolvingDependencies
-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.
--->Downloadingheaderformysql-servertopackintotransactionset.
mysql-server-4.1.20-1.RHE100%|=========================|29kB00:
00
--->Packagemysql-server.i3860:
4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1settobeupdated
-->Runningtransactioncheck
-->ProcessingDependency:
libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)forpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
perl-DBD-MySQLforpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
perl-DBIforpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
perl(DBI)forpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
mysql=4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1forpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
libmysqlclient.so.14forpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
libmysqlclient_r.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)forpackage:
mysql-server
-->ProcessingDependency:
libmysqlclient_r.so.14forpackage:
mysql-server
-->RestartingDependencyResolutionwithnewchanges.
-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.
--->Downloadingheaderforperl-DBD-MySQLtopackintotransactionset.
perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1100%|=========================|5.4kB00:
00
--->Packageperl-DBD-MySQL.i3860:
2.9004-3.1settobeupdated
--->Downloadingheaderformysqltopackintotransactionset.
mysql-4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1.i3100%|=========================|35kB00:
00
--->Packagemysql.i3860:
4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1settobeupdated
--->Downloadingheaderforperl-DBItopackintotransactionset.
perl-DBI-1.40-8.i386.rpm100%|=========================|11kB00:
00
--->Packageperl-DBI.i3860:
1.40-8settobeupdated
-->Runningtransactioncheck
DependenciesResolved
=============================================================================
PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
=============================================================================
Installing:
mysql-serveri3864.1.20-1.RHEL4.1update9.8M
Installingfordependencies:
mysqli3864.1.20-1.RHEL4.1update2.9M
perl-DBD-MySQLi3862.9004-3.1base111k
perl-DBIi3861.40-8base466k
TransactionSummary
=============================================================================
Install4Package(s)
Update0Package(s)
Remove0Package(s)
Totaldownloadsize:
13M
DownloadingPackages:
(1/4):
perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9100%|=========================|111kB00:
00
(2/4):
mysql-server-4.1.2100%|=========================|9.8MB00:
11
(3/4):
mysql-4.1.20-1.RHE100%|=========================|2.9MB00:
03
(4/4):
perl-DBI-1.40-8.i3100%|=========================|466kB00:
01
RunningTransactionTest
FinishedTransactionTest
TransactionTestSucceeded
RunningTransaction
Installing:
perl-DBI#########################[1/4]
Installing:
mysql#########################[2/4]
Installing:
perl-DBD-MySQL#########################[3/4]
Installing:
mysql-server#########################[4/4]
Installed:
mysql-server.i3860:
4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1
DependencyInstalled:
mysql.i3860:
4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1perl-DBD-MySQL.i3860:
2.9004-3.1perl-DBI.i3860:
1.40-8
Complete!
然后,安装PHP访问MySQL数据库的工具“php-mysql”。
[root@sample~]#yum-yinstallphp-mysql ←安装php-mysql
SettingupInstallProcess
Settinguprepositories
Readingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles
ReducingDagRPMRepositoryforRedHatEnterpriseLinuxtoincludedpackagesonly
Finished
Parsingpackageinstallarguments
ResolvingDependencies
-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.
--->Downloadingheaderforphp-mysqltopackintotransactionset.
php-mysql-4.3.9-3.15.i386100%|=========================|18kB00:
00
--->Packagephp-mysql.i3860:
4.3.9-3.15settobeupdated
-->Runningtransactioncheck
DependenciesResolved
=============================================================================
PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
=============================================================================
Installing:
php-mysqli3864.3.9-3.15update35k
TransactionSummary
=============================================================================
Install1Package(s)
Update0Package(s)
Remove0Package(s)
Totaldownloadsize:
35k
DownloadingPackages:
(1/1):
php-mysql-4.3.9-3.100%|=========================|35kB00:
00
RunningTransactionTest
FinishedTransactionTest
TransactionTestSucceeded
RunningTransaction
Installing:
php-mysql#########################[1/1]
Installed:
php-mysql.i3860:
4.3.9-3.15
Complete!
配置MySQL
然后,配置MySQL。
[root@sample~]#vi/etc/f ←编辑MySQL的配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#Defaulttousingoldpasswordformatforcompatibilitywithmysql3.x
#clients(thoseusingthemysqlclient10compatibilitypackage).
old_passwords=1 ←找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set=utf8 ←添加这一行
然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句:
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
启动MySQL服务
启动MySQL,并让MySQL在系统重新启动后随系统自动启动。
[root@sample~]#chkconfigmysqldon ←设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动
[root@sample~]#chkconfig--listmysqld ←确认MySQL自启动
mysqld0:
off1:
off2:
on3:
on4:
on5:
on6:
off ←如果2--5为on的状态就OK
[root@sample~]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqldstart ←启动MySQL服务
InitializingMySQLdatabase:
[OK]
StartingMySQL:
[OK]
MySQL初始环境设定
[1]为MySQL的root用户设置密码
MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候,它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。
首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
[root@sample~]#mysql-uroot ←用root用户登录MySQL服务器
WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.
YourMySQLconnectionidis2toserverversion:
4.1.20
Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthebuffer.
mysql>selectuser,host,passwordfrommysql.user; ←查看用户信息
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
|user|host |password |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
|root|localhost | | ←root密码为空
|root| | | ←root密码为空
| || |
| |localhost | |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
4rowsinset(0.00sec)
mysql>setpasswordforroot@localhost=password('在这里填入root密码'); ←设置root密码
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.01sec)
mysql>setpasswordforroot@''=password('在这里填入root密码'); ←设置root密码
QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.01sec)
mysql>selectuser,host,passwordfrommysql.user; ←查看用户信息
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
|user|host |password |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
|root|localhost |19b68057189b027f| ←root密码被设置
|root| |19b68057189b027f| ←root密码被设置
| | | |
| |localhost | |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
4rowsinset(0.01sec)
mysql>exit ←退出MySQL服务器
Bye
然后,测试一下root密码有没有生效。
[root@sample~]#mysql-uroot ←通过空密码用root登录
ERROR1045(28000):
Accessdeniedforuser'root'@'localhost'(usingpassword:
NO) ←出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[root@localhost~]#mysql-uroot-h ←通过空密码用root登录
ERROR1045(28000):
Accessdeniedforuser'root'@'localhost'(usingpassword:
NO) ←出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[root@sample~]#mysql-uroot-p ←通过密码用root登录
Enterpassword:
←在这里输入密码
WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g. ←确认用密码能够成功登录
YourMySQLconnectionidis5toserverversion:
4.1.20
Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthebuffer.
mysql>exit
Bye
[root@sample~]#mysql-uroot-h-p ←通过密码用root登录
Enterpassword:
←在这里输入密码
WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g. ←确认用密码能够成功登录
YourMySQLconnectionidis6toserverversion:
4.1.20
Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthebuffer.
mysql>exit ←退出MySQL服务器
Bye
[2]删除匿名用户
在MySQL刚刚被安装后,存在用户名、密码为空的用户。
这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。
为消除隐患,将匿名用户删除。
[root@sample~]#mysql-uroot-p ←通过密码用root登录
Enterpassword:
←在这里输入密码
WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.
YourMySQLconnectionidis7toserverversion:
4.1.20
Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthebuffer.
mysql>selectuser,hostfrommysql.user; ←查看用户信息
+------+----------------------------+
|user|host |
+------+----------------------------+
| |localhost |
|root|localhost |
| ||
|root| |
+------+----------------------------+
4rowsinset(0.02sec)
mysql>deletefrommysql.userwhereuser=''; ←删除匿名用户
QueryOK,2rowsaffected(0.17sec)
mysql>selectuser,hostfrommysql.user; ←查看用户信息
+------+-------------
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