人教版初中英语语法定语从句-中考复习-.ppt
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人教版初中英语语法定语从句-中考复习-.ppt
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TheAttributiveClause,(定语从句),一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirl,beautiful,(形容词作前置定语),一个穿白色衣服的女孩,agirlinwhite,inwhite,(介词短语作后置定语),一个正唱歌的女孩,agirlissinging,who,issinging,(定语从句,agirl为先行词),定语是句子成分之一,可以由单词、短语或从句担当,对名(代)词修饰和限制。
名(代)词称为中心词。
形容词作定语一般前置,短语和从句作定语要后置,翻译成“的”。
另外名词、数词、非谓语动词(短语)、介词短语也可以担当定语。
LiMingisaboy.,LiMingisagoodboy.,LiMingisagoodboy.,形容词作定语,介词短语作定语,在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
good,withglasses,whoiswearingglasses,句子作定语,先行词,引导词(关系词),从句,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,(被修饰的名词或代词),(跟在先行词后,引导从句的词),修饰先行词的句子,定语从句分析结构:
先行词+引导词+从句,ThisisthecardthatIvejustreceived,先行词,引导词,从句,关系代词,关系副词,who,that,which,whom,whose,Where,when,why,定语从句:
由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置:
在名词或代词后,先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词,引导词:
引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用:
(1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,做题一般步骤,步骤二,步骤三,Inwhich=where,Ilivethehouse(WRONG),步骤一,先行词house,带入句子,Iliveinthehouse(RIGHT),Thisisthehouse_Ilive.,关系代词who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人,不用于指事或物,其中who在定语从句中用作主语,whom在定语从句中用作宾语。
如:
Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。
InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林,他第一次遇见那个女人,后来他终于跟她结了婚。
但是,用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后,通常会被省略或用who,that代之。
如:
ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
关系代词的作用,关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人,也可用于指事或物,它在定语从句中主要用作定语。
如:
Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽车被盗的Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。
Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学,她想找一份工作。
Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗户无一完好,一派令人心酸的景象。
关系代词which的用法,which:
只用于指事或物,不用于指人,它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。
如:
(1)Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
(2)Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。
which在引导定语从句,作宾语是可以省略:
Isthisthebook(which)youarelookingfor?
(lookfor寻找)这是你要找的书吗?
关系代词that用法,一、指人的用法that用于指人,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。
如:
Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.撞人的司机必须停车。
Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那个人。
Heisnotthatmanthathewas.他已不是过去的他了。
二、指物的用法that用于指物,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。
如:
ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。
ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。
Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。
thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughty,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语),TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Thewomangotthejob.ThewomancanspeakRussian.,ThewomanwhocanspeakRussiangotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacherisfamous.,Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语),Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,Ex:
Heistheteacher.TheteachercanspeakFrench.,HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.,Doyouknowtheman?
Hecametovisityoutoday.,Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?
Theladysteppedonhisfoot.Hewasdancingwiththelady.,Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.,Doyouknowtheman?
Youwillvisithimtoday.,Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?
apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.,Canyoulendmethebook?
Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时
(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?
(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.注意1:
部分时候that可以省略,如部分例句将that用括号括住。
注意2:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。
2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4、当形容词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast,any,little等修饰时
(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,
(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting?
5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6、当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.8.当在therebe句型中,通常情况下用that,不用which,who,that(先行词为人)区别,1.用who不用that的情况:
(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。
(2)当先行词为人称代词时。
HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise,2.只能用which的情况:
1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which
(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.
(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,ReadthetextagainandfindtheAttributiveClauses:
Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthatsmissing.,2.ThisisthecagethatPollylivesin.,3.Wearelookingforathiefwholikesstealingparrotsandnecklace.,6.Illshootanyonewhomoves!
4.Whenwasthelasttime(that)yousawtheparrot?
5.Itwasaboutsomethieveswhorobbedatrain,7.Illshootanyonewhomoves,anyonewhomoves!
8.Isthattheparrotwhichyouarelookingfor?
9.Andisthisthenecklacethatwasstolen?
10.PollywasthethiefwhostoleMumsnecklace!
1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten,A,B,B,B,C,A,7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything___hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements_youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks_wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose,B,A,B,B,C,12.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.13.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.14.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.15.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.16.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.17.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?
18.Myhometownisnotthesameone_itusedtobetwentyyearsago.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人,也可指物,指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。
Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue,Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue,Doyouknowthegirl?
Herhairisveryshortinourclass,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisthehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?
Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday,HeisthestudentwhosepencilthepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.,MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.,MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.,.,Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.,Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow.,Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.,Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing,Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.,Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents,Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.,ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.,1Theriver_arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!
Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5Mr.Brown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothere,D,A,D,B,C,6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?
AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_windowsfacesouth?
Awhos
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